evqygÛj Ges cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek `~lY BDwbU

(Atmosphere & Natural Environment Pollution)

7
f‚wgKv
c„w_ex c„‡ôi Pvicv‡k †eób K‡i †h A`„k¨ evqexq AveiY i‡q‡Q Zv‡K evqygÛj e‡j| GwU f‚-c„ô n‡Z Dc‡ii w`‡K ¯Í‡i ¯Í‡i
mw¾Z i‡q‡Q Ges evqygÛ‡ji Dcv`vb¸‡jv me©Î mgvb bq| evqy A`„k¨ n‡jI cÖvwY I Dw™¢‡`i Aw¯Í‡Z¡&i Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq
Dcv`vb| evqygÛjmn cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Av‡iv K‡qKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb gvby‡li eûgyLx Kg©Kv‡Ûi d‡j `~wlZ n‡”Q| d‡j
webó n‡”Q cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨| GB BDwb‡U Avgiv evqygÛjmn cvwb `~lY, kã `~lY, g„wËKv `~lY cÖf…wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV 7.1 : evqygÛj Ges MVbKvix Dcv`vb
cvV 7.2 : evqygÛ‡ji ¯Íi web¨vm
cvV 7.3 : cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi KviY I djvdj
cvV 7.4 : evqy `~lY
cvV 7.5 : RxeRM‡Zi Dci evqy `~l‡Yi cÖfve
cvV 7.6 : evqy `~lY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq
cvV 7.7 : cvwb `~lY
cvV 7.8 : kã `~lY
cvV 7.9 : g„wËKv `~lY
 f~‡Mvj cÖ_g cÎ

cvV-7.4 evqy `~lY (Air Pollution)

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 evqy `~lY I evqyi `~lKmg~‡ni bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
 evqy `~l‡Yi KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 evsjv‡`‡k evqy `~lY gvÎv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
evqy `~lY
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv evqy ev evZvm| cÖvK„wZK I gvbem„ó Kvi‡Y
evZvm Zvi ¯^vfvweK ˆewkó¨ †_‡K cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| A_P Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ evqy AZ¨vek¨K| evqy bv
_vK‡j c„w_ex k~b¨Zvq ch©ewmZ n‡Zv| World Health Organization (WHO) ev wek¦¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi g‡Z, ÔÔc„w_exi
evqygÛ‡ji g‡a¨ AwbóKi c`v‡_©i mgv‡ek hLb gvbyl I Zvi cwi‡e‡ki ¶wZ K‡i †mB Ae¯’v‡K evqy `~lY e‡jÕÕ|
Ab¨vb¨ `~l‡Yi †P‡q evqy `~l‡Yi cwiwa Ges e¨vcKZv me‡P‡q †ewk| KviY evZvm ¯^í mg‡q `~wlZ c`v_©‡K
PZzw`©‡K Qwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i|
evqyi `~lKmg~n (Pollutants of Air) : evqyi `~lK wn‡m‡e KwZcq M¨vm I c`v_© kbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œi Q‡K
evqyi cÖavb `~lKmg~n †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
9. †ZRw¯Œq M¨vm 1. Kve©b WvB-A·vBW
8. G‡ivmj I wewfbœ e¯‘KYv 2. Kve©b g‡bv·vBW

7. nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvBW evqy `~lK 3. I‡Rvb

6. mvjdvi WvB-A·vBW 4. bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi A·vBWmg~n

5. nvB‡WªvKve©b M¨vm
evqy `~l‡Yi KviY (Causes of Air Pollution) : evqy `~l‡Yi KviYmg~n‡K `y&BwU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v- K.
gvbe m„ó KviY Ges L. cÖvK…wZK KviY|
K. gvbe m„ó KviY (Man-made Causes)
1. Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb †cvov‡bv : f‚-Af¨šÍi n‡Z D‡ËvwjZ R¡vjvwb †hgb-wW‡Rj, †c‡Uªvj, †K‡ivwmb †Zj BZ¨vw`
†cvov‡bvi Kvi‡Y †QvU-eo wewfbœ ai‡bi KYv evZv‡m wg‡k evqy `~lY NUvq| hvbevnb †_‡K wbM©Z Kv‡jv
†auvqvq _v‡K Kve©b g‡bv·vBW, Kve©b WvB-A·vBW, bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi A·vBWmg~n cÖf„wZ M¨vm hv gvby‡li Rb¨
AZ¨šÍ ¶wZKi|
2. wkí-KviLvbvi wbM©Z †auvqv : wkí-KviLvbvi wbM©Z †auvqvi wewfbœ cÖKvi M¨vm I avZe KYv †hgb- Kve©b
g‡bv·vBW, Kve©b WvB-A·vBW, mvjdvi WvB-A·vBW BZ¨vw` `yM©Ügq welv³ c`v_© hv evZv‡mi mv‡_ wg‡k
evZvm‡K `~wlZ K‡i|
3. cwiZ¨³ eR©¨ c`v‡_©i `nb : we‡kl K‡i kniv‡j cwiZ¨³ eR©¨ c`v_©mg~n AveR©bvgy³ Kivi Rb¨ †cvov‡bv
nq| G †_‡K wbM©Z †auvqv‡ZI Kve©b g‡bv·vBW, Kve©b WvB-A·vBW, mvjdvi WvB-A·vBW BZ¨vw` M¨vm _v‡K
hv evZvm‡K `~wlZ K‡i|
4. eb DRvi : AcwiKwíZfv‡e MvQcvjv KZ©‡bi d‡j evZv‡m Kve©b WvB-A·vBW Gi gvÎv †e‡o wM‡q evZvm‡K
`~wlZ K‡i| G‡Z cÖvwY I Dw™¢‡`i k¦vmKv‡h© e¨eüZ Aw·‡Rb I Kve©b WvB-A·vBW Gi fvimvg¨ webó nq|

BDwbU 7 c„ôv-111
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

5. †ZRw¯Œq c`v_© : hyׇ¶Î A_ev cvigvbweK Pzwjø‡Z `yN©Ubvi d‡j †ZRw¯Œq c`v‡_©i wewKiY n‡j evqy `~wlZ
nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq, 1945 mv‡j wn‡ivwkgv I bvMvmvwK‡Z cvigvbweK †evgvi we‡ùviY|
6. BUfvUv : BUfvUvq KvV I Kqjv †cvov‡bvi d‡j cÖPzi †auvqv wbM©Z nq hv evqyi mv‡_ wg‡k `~lY NUvq|
7. K…wl‡¶‡Î : K…wl‡¶‡Î AvMvQv, KxUbvkK, ˆRe dm‡dU Ges †K¬vwibhy³ nvB‡WªvKve©b evqy `~lY NUvq|
evqy `~l‡Yi DcwiD³ gvbe m„ó KviY QvovI feb wbg©vY, †Lvjv ¯’v‡b AveR©bv, a~gcvb, †jvnv, Uvqvi BZ¨vw`i
`n‡b evqy `~wlZ nq|
L. cÖvK…wZK KviY (Natural Causes)
1. Av‡MœqwMwii AMœy¨rcvZ : Av‡MœqwMwii AMœy¨rcv‡Zi d‡j wbM©Z mvjdvi WvB-A·vBW, Kve©b g‡bvA·vBW,
nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvBW M¨vm cÖf„wZ evqyi mv‡_ wg‡k evqy‡K `~wlZ K‡i|
2. ˆRe I A‰Re c`v_© : wewfbœ cÖKvi ˆRe I A‰Re c`v‡_©i ¯^vfvweK cP‡bi d‡j †h M¨vm m„wó nq Zv evqy‡K
`~wlZ K‡i|
3. `vevbj I a~wjSo : we¯Í…Z ebv‡j `vevbj n‡j Zv e¨vcK GjvKvq Qwo‡q c‡o evqy‡K `~wlZ K‡i| GQvov
giæ GjvKvq a~wjSoI evqy `~lY NUvq|
4. M¨vm‡¶‡Îi we‡ùviY : M¨vm‡¶Î we‡ùviY ev `yN©UbvRwbZ Kvi‡Y †h M¨vm Qwo‡q c‡o Zv evqy‡K `~wlZ K‡i|
evsjv‡`‡k evqy `~lY gvÎv
evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î evqy `~l‡Yi gvÎv GKB iKg bq| MÖvg¨ cwi‡e‡ki Zzjbvq kn‡ii cwi‡e‡k evqy `~lY gvÎv †ewk|
Avevi Ab¨vb¨ kn‡ii Zzjbvq XvKv kn‡ii `~l‡Yi gvÎv †ewk| kniv‡j hvbevnb †_‡K wbM©Z †auvqv Ges wewfbœ
cÖKvi eR©¨ †_‡K m„ó M¨vm wgwjZfv‡e evqy‡K `~wlZ K‡i| XvKvi evqy‡Z bb-wg‡_b nvB‡WªvKve©b, mvm‡cb‡WW
cvwU©Kz‡jU g¨vUvi (SPM), cvwU©Kz‡jU g¨vUvi (PM10) Gi gvÎv Av`k© gv‡bi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk|
XvKv kn‡ii evqy `~l‡Yi cÖavb Drm¸‡jv n‡jv hvbevnb †_‡K wbM©Z `~wlZ c`v_©, iv¯ÍvNvU Lb‡bi d‡j m„ó
a~jvevwj, wewfbœ ai‡bi AveR©bv I eR©¨, wkí cÖwZôvb †_‡K wbM©Z `~wlZ eR¨© BZ¨vw`| XvKv kn‡ii evqy `~l‡Yi
Av‡iKwU Ab¨Zg KviY hvbRU| Z‡e M¨vmPvwjZ hvbevn‡bi cwigvY e„w× cvIqvq Gi gvÎv wKQzUv K‡g‡Q| KviY
†c‡Uªvj ev wW‡Rj PvwjZ Mvwoi †P‡q wmGbwR PvwjZ Mvwoi `~wlZ c`v_© wbM©g‡bi gvÎv Kg| XvKv, PÆMÖvg,
bvivqbMÄ, MvRxcyi cÖf…wZ kni e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ kn‡i Zzjbvg~jK evqy `~l‡Yi gvÎv Kg A_v©r wkívÂj¸‡jv‡Z evqy
`~l‡Yi gvÎv AwaK|

wk¶v_©xi KvR Avcbvi kn‡ii evqy `~lY wPÎ eY©bv Kiæb|

mvims‡¶c
cÖvwY Ges Dw™¢`RM‡Zi Rb¨ evqyi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ab¯^xKvh©| wKš‘ evqy wewfbœfv‡e `~wlZ n‡”Q| evqyi `~lK¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv Kve©b WvB-A·vBW, Kve©b g‡bvA·vBW, I‡Rvb, bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi A·vBWmg~n, G‡ivmj cÖf…wZ|
evqy `~l‡Yi Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv- Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb †cvov‡bv, hvbevnb I Kj-KviLvbvi †auvqv, †ZRw¯Œq c`v_©,
BUfvUv, AMœy¨rcvZ cÖf…wZ| †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b we‡kl K‡i kniv‡j evqy `~lY gvÎv AwaK|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.4
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| evqyi `~lK n‡jv-
i. Kve©b g‡bvA·vBW ii. I‡Rvb iii. G‡ivmj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, iiI iii.
2| †KvbwU evqy `~lY NUvq?
(K) BUfvUv (L) ebf‚wg (M) g„wËKv (N) b`x
3| evqy `~l‡Yi cÖvK…wZK KviY †KvbwU?
(K) `vevbj (L) N~wY©So (M) AMœy¨rcvZ (N) me¸‡jv
BDwbU 7 c„ôv-112
 f~‡Mvj cÖ_g cÎ

cvV-7.5 RxeRM‡Zi Dci evqy `~l‡Yi cÖfve

(Effects of Air Pollution on Living World)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 evqy `~l‡Yi d‡j cÖvwY I Dw™¢‡`i Dci cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 ev¯‘ms¯’v‡bi Dci Kx ai‡bi cÖfve c‡o Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

RxeRM‡Zi Dci evqy `~l‡Yi cÖfve

RM‡Zi cÖwZwU cÖv‡Yi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcv`vb evqy| evqy `~l‡Yi d‡j RxeRM‡Zi Dci
†h cÖfve c‡o Zv wb‡¤œ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv|
1. gvbe ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci cÖfve : evqy `~l‡Yi d‡j me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq gvbe ¯^v¯’¨| `~wlZ evqy MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g
ïaygvÎ k¦vm-cÖkv¦ mB bq Gi gva¨‡g RxebI wecbœ n‡Z cv‡i| evqy `~l‡Yi d‡j k¦vmbvjx‡Z R¡vjv, Kvwk I `g eÜ
n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i mvjdv‡ii A·vBW¸‡jv dzmdz‡m bvbv ai‡bi †ivM m„wói cÖavb KviY| bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi
A·vBW¸‡jvi welv³ cÖwZwµqvq dzmdzm dz‡j hvq Ges dzmdz‡m cvwb R‡g †ivMxi g„Zz¨I n‡Z cv‡i| AwZgvÎvq
evqy `~lY `xN©¯’vqx nuvcvwb, k¦vmbvjxi cÖ`vn I Kɯ^i f‡½i KviY n‡Z cv‡i| wb‡¤œi Q‡K evqy `~l‡Yi d‡j gvbe
¯^v‡¯’¨i Av‡iv †hme ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
12. wLPzbx 1. A¨vRgv 2. eª¼vBwUR

11. ewg ewg fve gvbe ¯^v‡¯’¨ evqy 3. gv_ve¨v_v

10. Avjmvi 4. †Pv‡Li mgm¨v
`~l‡Yi cÖfve
9. gv_v N~wbœ 5. nvBcvi‡Ubkb

8. AembœZv 7. ü`‡ivM 6. i‡³i Aw·‡Rb enb ¶gZv n«vm

2. cïcvwLi Dci cÖfve : `~wlZ evqy cïcvwLi Lv`¨‡K `~wlZ K‡i| cïcvwL Gme `~wlZ Lvevi MÖnY Ki‡j wewfbœ
RxevYy Øviv AvµvšÍ nq Ges Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o|
3. Dw™¢‡`i Dci cÖfve : `xN© mgq a‡i evqy `~lY n‡j Dw™¢‡`i ¶wZ K‡i| mvjdvi WvB-A·vBW (So2) Mv‡Qi
†K¬v‡ivwd‡ji ¶wZ K‡i| d‡j Lv`¨ Drcv`b ¶gZv K‡g wM‡q Dw™¢‡`i Rxebxkw³ K‡g hvq| evqy‡Z AwZgvÎvq G
M¨vm _vK‡j cvZvi †Kvl g‡i hvq Ges cvZv ïwK‡q hvq|
4. ev¯‘ms¯’v‡bi Dci cÖfve : `~wlZ evqy ev¯‘ms¯’v‡bi DciI cÖfve †d‡j| evqy `~lY ¯’jR Ges RjR Dfq cÖKvi
ev¯‘ms¯’vb‡K ¶wZMÖ¯Í K‡i| evqy `~l‡Yi Av‡iKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖfve n‡jv GwmW e„wó (Acid Rain)| GwmW e„wói
d‡j cÖvwY, Dw™¢` Ges `vjvb‡KvVvi ¶wZ nq| GQvov evqy `~lY wMÖb nvDR cÖwZwµqv m„wóiI GKwU KviY|
GB cv‡V RxeRM‡Zi Dci evqy `~l‡Yi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv| cieZx© cv‡V evqy `~lY cÖwZ‡iva m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
evqy `~l‡Yi d‡j gvbe ¯^v‡¯’¨ †hme cÖfve c‡o Zv Avcbvi GjvKvi D`vniY
wk¶v_©xi KvR
w`‡q eY©bv Kiæb|

BDwbU 7 c„ôv-113
 f~‡Mvj cÖ_g cÎ

cvV-7.6 evqy `~lY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq

(Prevention of Air Pollution)
D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 evqy `~lY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
 evqy `~lY †iv‡a M„nxZ c`‡¶c m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

evqy `~lY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq

evqy Avgv‡`i †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Avek¨Kxq Dcv`vb Zv c~‡e©i cv‡V †R‡bwQ| evqyi ¸YMZ gvb eRvq
_vK‡j gvbe ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv _v‡K, Mv‡Qi ea©b h_vh_fv‡e nq, K…wl djb e„w× cvq| ZvB evqy `~lY cÖwZ‡iva Kiv
Riæwi| evqy `~lY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai cÖ_g c`‡¶c n‡jv evqygÛ‡j wbM©g‡bi c~‡e©B evqy `~lK Dr‡mi wbM©gb wbqš¿Y Kiv|
evqy `~lY wewfbœfv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| G‡¶‡Î AvaywbK cÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM, R¡vjvwb cwi‡kvab, †gvUiMvwo Pvjbvq
Rbm‡PZbZv cÖf…wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| evqy `~lY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvqmg~n wb‡¤œ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
1. hvbevnb †_‡K †auvqv wbM©gb wbqš¿Y : hvbevnb †_‡K wbM©Z evqy `~lK¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv Kve©b
g‡bvA·vBW, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb A·vBW, mvjdvi WvB-A·vBW, A`vn¨ nvB‡WªvKve©b| G¸‡jv wbM©gb wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e|
G‡¶‡Î wW‡Rj ev †c‡Uªvj PvwjZ hv‡bi Zzjbvq wmGbwR PvwjZ hv‡bi `~lYgvÎv A‡bK Kg|
2. Kj-KviLvbvi †auvqv wbqš¿Y : Kj-KviLvbvi †auvqv wbM©gb bj I wPgwb †_‡K wbM©Z e¯‘KYv c„_K Kivi Rb¨
QvKwb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j `~lK¸‡jv evqy‡Z wg‡k hvIqvi c~‡e©B Avjv`v n‡q hv‡e|
3. `~lY c`v_© †kvlY : evqy `~lY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai GKwU AvaywbK c×wZ `~lY c`v‡_©i †kvlY| GB c×wZ‡Z `~lK
c`v_©¸‡jv gy³ evqy‡Z Qwo‡q covi c~‡e©B we‡kl cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g `~lK c`v_© Avjv`v K‡i †bIqv hvq|
4. weKí R¡vjvwb cÖ‡qvM : weKí R¡vjvwb A_©vr cÖPwjZ Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi cwigvY µgvš^‡q n«vm K‡i AcÖPwjZ kw³
†hgb- †mŠikw³, ev‡qvM¨vm BZ¨vw`i e¨envi e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j evqy `~lY A‡bK K‡g hv‡e|
10. m‡PZbZv e„w× 1. hvbevnb †_‡K †auvqv wbM©gb wbqš¿Y

9. e„¶‡ivcb 2. Kj-KviLvbvi †auvqv wbqš¿Y

evqy `~lY
8. AÂj fvM 3. `~lY c`v_© †kvlY
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq 4. weKí R¡vjvwb e¨envi
7. cPb‡hvM¨ `ªe¨ `ªyZ AcmviY

6.KxUbvkK e¨envi wbqš¿Y 5. cwiZ¨³ eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv

5. cwiZ¨³ eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv : wewfbœ cwiZ¨³ eR©¨ †h¸‡jv †Kv‡bv Kv‡R jv‡Mbv †m¸‡jv bv cywo‡q gvwUi wb‡P cyu‡Z
†djv †h‡Z cv‡i|
6. KxUbvk‡Ki e¨envi wbqš¿Y : h‡_”Q gvÎvq KxUbvkK e¨envi wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e| cwiwgZ cwigv‡Y KxUbvk‡Ki
cvkvcvwk weKí Dcv‡q †ivM-e¨vwa wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e|
7. cPb‡hvM¨ `ªe¨ `ªyZ AcmviY : nvUevRvi, †`vKvbcvU, emZevwo cÖf…wZ †_‡K cPv ev cPbkxj `ªe¨ `ªyZ
AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov kn‡ii Wv÷we‡bi gqjv `xN© mgq a‡i bv †i‡L hZ`~i m¤¢e Zv `ªyZ †kvabvMv‡i
cvVv‡Z n‡e A_ev gvwU‡Z cy‡Z †d‡j evZvm `~lY †iva Ki‡Z n‡e|
8. AÂj fvM : eo eo kn‡ii AvevwmK, wkí, evwYwR¨K, Awdm-Av`vjZ cÖf…wZ cwiKwíZfv‡e ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
G‡Z wkí-KviLvbvi `~wlZ evZvm gvbe Rxeb I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvwYi ¶wZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|

BDwbU 7 c„ôv-115
GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

9. e„¶‡ivcb : Dw™¢` cÖK…wZi fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i| Dw™¢` RxeRM‡Zi Rb¨ Aw·‡Rb Z¨vM K‡i Ges RxeRM‡Zi
Z¨vMK…Z Kve©b WvB-A·vBW MÖnY K‡i fvimvg¨ eRvq iv‡L| ZvB cÖPzi cwigv‡Y e„¶‡ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
Ab¨‡`iI DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. m‡PZbZv e„w× : evqy `~l‡Yi Kzdj m¤ú‡K© RbMY‡K m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Rbm‡PZbvg~jK Kg©m~wP MÖnY
Ki‡Z n‡e|
evqy `~lY wbqš¿‡Y miKv‡ii M„nxZ Kvh©µg
miKvi evqy`~lY wbqš¿‡Y KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| cwi‡ek Awa`ßi evqy `~lY gwbUwis Gi Rb¨ ivRavbx XvKvq 3wU,
PÆMÖv‡g 2wU Ges MvRxcyi, bvivqbMÄ, ivRkvnx, Lyjbv, wm‡jU I ewikv‡j GKwU K‡i †gvU 11wU mve©¶wYK evqygvb
cwiex¶Y †÷kb (Continuous Air Monitoring Station ev CAMS) Pvjy K‡i‡Q| G mKj CAMS-G cÖvß Z_¨
we‡k lY K‡i gvwmK cÖwZ‡e`b I evqygvb m~PK (Air Quality Index ev AQI) cÖKvk Kiv n‡”Q| GQvovI
`w¶Yv‡ji mvZ¶xiv †Rjvi k¨vgbMi Dc‡Rjvq GKwU AvšÍ:†`kxq evqy gwbUwis †K‡›`ªi gva¨‡g AvšÍ:‡`kxq evqy
`~lY PjvPj cwigvc Kiv nq| GQvov BUfvUvi gva¨‡g `~lY n«v‡mi j‡¶¨ ÔBU cÖ¯‘Z I fvUv ¯’vb (wbqš¿Y) AvBb,
2013Õ cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wkí `~lY †iv‡a cwi‡ek msi¶Y AvBb, 1995 Ges cwi‡ek msi¶Y wewagvjv 1997
cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr wewfbœ Dcv‡q evqy `~lY †iv‡a cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| G j‡¶¨ Avgv‡`i‡KI m‡PZb
n‡Z n‡e|

wk¶v_©xi KvR Avcbvi GjvKvi evqy `~lY wbqš¿‡Y mycvwik Zz‡j aiæb|

mvims‡¶c
evqy †hgb `~wlZ nq wVK †Zgwb `~lYI wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| evqy `~lY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai cÖ_g Dcvq n‡jv evqygÛ‡j `~wlZ
evqy wgwkÖZ nIqvi c~‡e©B Zv wbqš¿Y Kiv| GQvov hvbevnb I Kj-KviLvbvi †auvqv wbqš¿Y, wmGbwR e¨envi,
KxUbvk‡Ki e¨envi wbqš¿Y, eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi Dbœqb, AÂjwfwËK f~wg e¨envi, e„¶‡ivcb cÖf…wZi gva¨‡g evqy
`~lY cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq| Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Aw¯Í‡Z¡i ¯^v‡_©B evqy `~lY cÖwZ‡iv‡a mevB‡K mRvM _vK‡Z n‡e Ges
AvBb †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-7.6
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|
1| evqy`~lY cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq-
i. Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb wbqš¿Y K‡i ii. Kj-KviLvbvi †auvqv wbqš¿Y K‡i iii. ebvq‡bi gva¨‡g
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
2| wb‡Pi †Kvb R¡vjvwbwU e¨envi K‡i evqy `~lY Kgv‡bv hvq?
(K) †c‡Uªvj (L) wmGbwR (M) wW‡Rj (N) †K‡ivwmb
3| weKí R¡vjvwbi Drm †KvbwU?
(K) KvV (L) Kqjv (M) †mŠikw³ (N) me¸‡jv
4| evqy `~lY gwbUwis-Gi Rb¨ KZwU CAMS i‡q‡Q?
(K) 8wU (L) 11wU (M) 14wU (N) 17wU

BDwbU 7 c„ôv-116