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f‚wgKv
cÖksmv gnvb Avjøvni wbwgË| mvjvZ I mvjvg Zuvi ev›`v I
ivm~j, Zuvi wcÖqZg gynv¤§v` , Zuvi cwiRb, mnPi I Abymvix‡`i
Dci|
mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ iæKz, mvR`v Ges emv Ae¯’vq n¯Í؇qi Ae¯’vb
m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ mnxn nv`xm we`¨gvb Ges G mKj nv`xm cvj‡bi
wel‡q gZ‡f` †bB| Avgiv †`wL †h, AwaKvsk gymvjøx G mKj
Ae¯’vq n¯Í؇qi Ae¯’v‡b fzj K‡ib I mybœvZ bó K‡ib| G wel‡q
Rvbvi AvMÖnI Kg| cÿvšÍ‡i `uvov‡bv Ae¯’vq n¯ÍØq †Kv_vq _vK‡e
†m wel‡q A‡b‡KB Avgv‡K cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb| m¤¢eZ HKg‡Z¨i mybœvZ
cvj‡bi †P‡q ÔgZ‡f`xqÕ mybœvZ wb‡q weZK© Kivi Avb›` A‡bK
†ewk!!
Avwg Avgvi mxwgZ Áv‡b e‡jwQ, gynvwÏmMY †Zv †`wL ey‡Ki
Dci nvZ ivLvi nv`xm mnxn e‡jb| wKš‘ gyRZvwn` Bgvg I dKxnMY
bvfxi wb‡P ev Dc‡i nvZ ivLvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| Avkv Kwi, †h †Kv‡bvwU
cvjb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ A‡b‡KB Giƒc Dˇi Z…ß nbwb| AvcwË
Rvwb‡q †KD e‡j‡Qb, mnxn nv`xm Rvbvi c‡i BgvgM‡Yi ARynv‡Z
mnxn nv`xm we‡ivax Kg©‡K cvjb‡hvM¨ ejvi AwaKvi Avcbv‡K †K
w`‡q‡Q? †h e¨w³ mnxn nv`xm cvjb K‡i bv †m wKiƒc gymwjg? †KD
e‡j‡Qb, Avcwb fzj ej‡Qb, bvfxi wb‡P nvZ ivLvi nv`xmB mnxn|
welqwU fvj K‡i Rvbvi Rb¨B wKQz cov‡kvbvi †Póv Kijvg|
†m †Póvi dj G †QvU cy¯ÍKwU| Avgvi Abym×vb I wm×všÍ KZUzKz
mwVK Zv gnvb AvjøvnB fvj Rv‡bb| Z‡e G Dcj‡ÿ¨ wKQz w`b
nv`x‡m beex I mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi gZvgZ Aa¨qb Ki‡Z †c‡i
Avwg AZ¨šÍ Avb›` Abyfe KiwQ|
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki gymwjg‡`i g‡a¨ wbqwgZ mvjvZ Av`vqKvix
gymwj‡gi msL¨v 15% AwZµg Ki‡e bv| Giƒc bvgvhx gymwjg‡`i
g‡a¨I `x‡bi Ab¨vb¨ dih-IqvwRe cvjbKvix Ges my¯úó nvivgmg~n
eR©bKvix gywg‡bi msL¨v LyeB bMY¨| wbR Rxe‡b gnvb Avjøvni `xb
kZfvM cvj‡b m‡Pó gymwj‡gi msL¨v evsjv‡`‡k kZKiv 5 Rb
eBwU µq Ki‡Z wK¬K Kiæb- GLv‡b
m~wPcÎ
4 mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ nvZ euvavi weavb
ej‡j m¤¢eZ AZz¨w³ n‡e bv| Giƒc bMY¨ msL¨K avwg©K gvbyl‡`i
g‡a¨ wZbwU fq¼i welq we`¨gvb: (1) Cgvb welqK Am‡PZbZv,
(2) ev›`vi nK welqK Am‡PZbZv Ges (3) `xb wb‡q wefw³ I
`jv`wj|
c~‡e© wefw³ wQj AvKx`v †Kw›`ªK| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b wdKn †Kw›`ªK
wefw³ fq¼i iƒc wb‡q‡Q| mgv‡Ri cÖvq 95% gymwjg wkiK, Kzdi,
nvivg, AkøxjZv, AbvPvi, Ryjyg, ev›`vi AwaKvi bó BZ¨vw` gnvcv‡ci
g‡a¨ wbgw¾Z| Aewkó avwg©K gywgbMY †QvU-eo wdKnx gvmAvjv
wb‡q SMovq wjß| d‡j wkiK, Kzdi, ag©všÍi, bvw¯ÍKZv, AkøxjZv,
ÔAvswkK BmjvgÕ, ÔkixÔAvn-gy³ BmjvgÕ, Ôme©ag©xq BmjvgÕ
BZ¨vw`i cÖPviKMY e¨vcK mdjZvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z mÿg n‡”Qb|
wefw³i G mgm¨vmn Dc‡ii wZbwU mgm¨vi mgvavb i‡q‡Q
D¤§v‡Zi cÖ_g wZb-Pvi cÖRb¥ ev mvjvd mvwjnx‡bi c×wZ‡Z weï×
mybœv‡Zi wbKU AvZ¥mgc©Y Kivi g‡a¨| gZ‡f` eR©b ev mg_©b Ges
gZ‡f`mn `jv`wj eR©‡bi gvb`ÐI ZuvivB| G †PZbvi wfwˇZB G
eB‡qi mKj Av‡jvPbv|
MÖš’wU‡K wZbwU c‡e© wef³ K‡iwQ| cÖ_g c‡e© G welqK
nv`xm¸‡jv Bjgyj nv`x‡mi gvb`‡Ð Aa¨q‡bi †Póv K‡iwQ| wØZxq
c‡e© D¤§v‡Zi cÖ_g cÖRb¥¸‡jvi cÖwm× gynvwÏm I nv`xmcš’x
dKxnM‡Yi e³‡e¨i Av‡jv‡K mnxn I nvmvb nv`xm¸‡jvi wb‡`©kbv
wba©vi‡Yi †Póv K‡iwQ| cÖ_g I wØZxq c‡e©i Av‡jvPbv †_‡K cÖwZfvZ
n‡q‡Q †h, mnxn nv`xm cvj‡bi wel‡q HKgZ¨ m‡Ë¡I mnxn nv`xm
wba©viY, nv`x‡mi wb‡`©kbv wba©viY, GKvwaK mnxn nv`x‡mi mgš^q I
nv`x‡mi wdKnx wb‡`©kbv wba©vi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î D¤§v‡Zi cÖwm× gynvwÏm I
dKxnMY e¨vcK gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb| GiB Av‡jv‡K Z…Zxq c‡e©
D¤§v‡Zi gZ‡f`, cÖvwšÍKZv, KviY, cÖwZKvi I G wel‡q mvjvd
mvwjnx‡bi Kg©aviv Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ|
G eB‡qi g‡a¨ AMwYZ Bgvg, Avwjg I eyhy‡M©i bvg evievi
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki bv‡gi mv‡_ cÖ‡Z¨K ¯’v‡b `yAvi Bw½Z
wn‡m‡e †jLv m¤¢e nqwb| cvV‡Ki cÖwZ Aby‡iva, mKj Avwj‡gi
bv‡gi mv‡_ ÔivwngvûjøvnÕ e‡j Zuv‡`i Rb¨ `yAv Ki‡eb| gnvb
I‡qemvBU wfwRU Ki‡Z wK¬K Kiæb- GLv‡b
m~wPcÎ
mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ nvZ euvavi weavb 5
Avjøøvn G MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL K…Z mKj Avwjg‡K Ges gymwjg D¤§vni mKj
Avwjg‡K AdzišÍ ingZ `vb Kiæb| Avgxb|
eBwU wjL‡Z A‡b‡KB Drmvn I civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| gynZvivg
W. ïAvBe Avngv`, kvBL hvKvwiqv Avãyj Iqvn&nve, kvBL Bg`v`yj
nK cÖgyL Avwjg cÖæd †`‡L‡Qb I civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| gnvb Avjøvn
mKj‡K DËg cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb Kiæb|
Z_¨m~Î cÖ`v‡b cv`UxKvq MÖš’Kv‡ii bvg, MÖ‡š’i bvg I c„ôv
D‡jøL K‡iwQ| MÖš’ welqK we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ eB‡qi †k‡l ÔMÖš’cÄxiÕ
g‡a¨ D‡jøL K‡iwQ| eZ©gv‡b ÔAvj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjvÕ e¨envi
mKj M‡el‡Ki Rb¨B mnR| GRb¨ AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î kvwgjvi Dci
wbf©i KiwQ|
gnvb Avjøvni `iev‡i `yAv Kwi, wZwb `qv K‡i G ÿz`ª cÖ‡Póv
Keyj Kiæb Ges G‡K Avgvi, Avgvi wcZvgvZv, cwiev‡ii m`m¨eM©,
ïfvKv•LxMY I cvVKM‡Yi bvRv‡Zi Imxjv evwb‡q w`b| Avgxb|
Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi
cÖ_g ce©
cÖvmw½K nv`xm¸‡jvi mb` Av‡jvPbv
1. 1. dKxnM‡Yi wewfbœ gZ
mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ n¯Í؇qi Ae¯’vb wel‡q mvnvex-ZvweqxM‡Yi hyM
†_‡K dKxnMY gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv g~jZ GKgZ †h, mvjv‡Zi
g‡a¨ n¯Í؇qi Ae¯’vb ÔmybœvZÕ ev mybœvn wb‡`©wkZ Ôgym&ZvnveÕ welq|
mvjv‡Zi webq I w¯’iZv bó bv K‡i n¯ÍØq †hfv‡eB ivLv †nvK bv
†Kb mvjvZ ˆea n‡e| Z‡e wKfv‡e n¯ÍØq ivLv DËg †m wel‡q Zuviv
gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb| cÖwm× gZ¸wj wbgœiƒc:
(1) n¯ÍØq †`‡ni cv‡k Szwj‡q ivLv DËg| gvwjKx gvhnv‡ei
GwUB cÖwm× gZ|[1] Bgvg Avngv` †_‡KI G gZwU ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
Bgvg Avngv‡`i wØZxq g‡Z dih mvjv‡Z n¯ÍØq GKwÎZ ivL‡e Ges
mvjvZzj Rvbvhvq I bdj mvjv‡Z n¯ÍØq †`‡ni `y cv‡k Szwj‡q
ivL‡e|[2]
(2) n¯ÍØq Mjvi wb‡P ev ey‡Ki Dcwifv‡M ivLv DËg| Avgiv
cieZ©x Av‡jvPbvq †`Le †h, G gZwU Beb AveŸvm †_‡K ewY©Z|
cieZ©x dKxn‡`i g‡a¨ †KD gZwU MÖnY K‡i‡Qb e‡j Rvbv hvq bv|
(3) n¯ÍØq ey‡Ki Dci ivLv DËg| nvbvdx dKxnMY GwU Bgvg
kvwdqxi gZ e‡j D‡jø L K‡i‡Qb|[3] wKš‘ kvwdqx gvhnv‡ei
MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z G gZ cvIqv hvq bv| Avgiv cieZ©x Av‡jvPbvq †`Le
[1] . Beb Avãyj evi&i Avj-BmwZhKvi 2/291; bvevex, kvin mnxn gymwjg 4/114|
[2] . Avjx Beb myjvBgvb gvi`vex, Avj-Bbmvd 2/35
[3] . mvivLmx, Avj-gvem~Z 1/43; gviMxbvbx, Avj-wn`vqvn 1/47|
[18] . Ave~ `vD`, Avm-mybvb (mvjvZ, eve KvivwnqvwZj BÕwZgv`...) 1/376; fviZxq
1/142|
[19] . KziZzex, Avng` Beb Dgvi, Avj-gydwng: kvin mnxn gymwjg 2/15|
[20] . Bebyj gybwhi, Avj-AvDmvZ 4/182|
[42] . Ave~ `vD`, Avm-mybvb 1/274 (wKZveym mvjvZ, eve Iqv`wqj BDgbv Avjvj
BDmiv.), fviZxq 1/110|
[43] . bvevex, Avj-gvRg~ 3/312|
[44] . Beb nvRvi, dvZûj evix 2/224|
[45] . Beb wneŸvb, Avm-mnxn: ZviZxe Beb evjevb (ïAvBe AvibvE‡Zi UxKv mn)
5/67-68|
[112] . Beb Avex kvBev, Avj-gymvbœvd 1/390; gyKwej Iqv`vqx I Lvwj` kvwq,
Avj-Bjvg, c„. 21|
wØZxq ce©
ch©v‡jvPbv I wm×všÍ
GZ¶Y Avgiv mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ n¯Í؇qi Ae¯’vb welqK
nv`xm¸‡jv mb`ZvwË¡Kfv‡e Aa¨qb Kijvg| GLb Avgiv mvgwMÖK
ch©v‡jvPbv I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †Póv Kie| gnvb Avjøøvni ZvIdxK
cÖv_©bv KiwQ|
2. 1. mvswL¨K cwimsL¨vb
2. 1. 1. n¯ÍØq ivLv ev aiv
Avgv‡`i Av‡jvwPZ 22wU nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ 16wU nv`x‡m nvZ
ivLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| `ywU nv`x‡mi (7 I 8 bs) GK eY©bvq ivLv
Ges GK eY©bvq aivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨ nv`x‡m (18 bs) ivLv
Ges †P‡c ivLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Aewkó 3 wU nv`x‡m nvZ aivi
K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
ÔivLviÕ nv`xm¸wji g‡a¨ 12 wU nv`x‡m Ôevg nv‡Zi Dci Wvb
nvZ ivLvÕ-i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 1 wU nv`x‡m (1 bs) evg nvZ-evûi
Dci Wvb nvZ ivLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GKwU nv`x‡m (5 bs) evg
nv‡Zi Zvjyi wcV, Kwâ I evûi Dci Wvb nvZ ivLvi K_v ejv
n‡q‡Q| nv`xmwUi wØZxq eY©bvq evg nv‡Zi Zvjyi wcV I evûi Kwâi
Dci Wvb nvZ ivLvi wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q| GKwU nv`x‡m (13 bs) evg
nv‡Zi Kwâi Kv‡Q Wvb nvZ ivLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GKwU nv`x‡m
(17 bs) evg nv‡Zi Dc‡i Wvb nvZ Kwâi Dc‡i ivLvi wb‡`©kbv
i‡q‡Q| GKwU nv`x‡m (19 bs) Kwâi Dci Zvjy ivLvi K_v ejv
Z…Zxq ce©
mnxn nv`xm ebvg D¤§v‡Zi gZ‡f` I wefw³
mywcÖq cvVK, mnxn nv`xm cvj‡b HKgZ¨-mn wKfv‡e wdKnx
wm×v‡šÍ gZ‡f` nq Zvi bgybv Avgiv †`Ljvg| Avgiv Av‡iv †`Ljvg
†h, nv`x‡mi wb‡`©kbv I dKxnM‡Yi gvhnve Dfq welqB wbwðZ
Ki‡Q †h, mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ nvZ euvavi welqwU AZ¨šÍ cÖk¯Í| wKš‘
ZviciI welqwU msKxY© n‡q‡Q Ges G wb‡q weivM, weåvU I wefw³i
Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| wdKnx gvmAvjv wb‡q Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri AwaKvsk SMov
I we‡f`B G ch©v‡qi| Avgiv Avkv Kwi c~e©eZ©x Av‡jvPbv G SMov
I wefw³i KviY I cÖwZKvi Abyave‡b Avgv‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
GRb¨ c~e©eZ©x Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ cvV‡Ki
`„wó AvKl©Y KiwQ:
3. 1. cÖPwj‡Zi †cÖg
cwiwPZ I AvPwiZ welq‡K fvjevmv gvbexq cÖK…wZ| mKj
†`‡ki mKj gvbylB Zvi mgv‡R cÖPwjZ †jvKvPvi, Lv`¨, iÜb
c×wZ, †cvkvK, cwiavb c×wZ BZ¨vw` cQ›` K‡i| Gi wecixZ wKQz
†`L‡j AvcwË I mgv‡jvPbv K‡i| wewfbœ hyw³-cÖgvY w`‡q wbR
mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ welq‡K DËg cÖgv‡Yi †Póv K‡i| A‡bK mgq G
RvZxq AwZ mvaviY welq wb‡q SMov-weZ‡K© wjß nq|
ag©xq welqI GKBiƒc| Lye Kg gvbylB Aa¨qb K‡i †R‡b
ey‡S ag© cvjb Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib| cÖPwjZ wbq‡gi e¨wZµg wKQz
†`L‡j ev ïb‡j Zv cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡ZB ïay Zviv Aa¨qb ïiæ K‡ib|
Dcmsnvi
m¤§vwbZ cvVK,
wkiK, Kzdi, we`AvZ, AbvPvi, cvcvPvi, AkøxjZv, Ryjyg I
cÖeÂbvi gnv-mvqjv‡ei g‡a¨ KziAvb-mybœvn I kixÔAvncš’x Avwjg
I M‡elKM‡Yi wewQbœZv, we‡f` I `~iZ¡ Avgv‡`i Kó †`q| mvjvd
mvwjnx‡bi hy‡Mi ZvKIqv, Bev`Z, M‡elYv, KziAvb-mybœvni Kv‡Q
wbtkZ© AvZ¥mgc©Y, cigZ mnbkxjZv, D`viZv, fvjevmv I åvZ…‡Z¡i
K_v fve‡Z I ej‡Z LyeB fvj jv‡M| gywg‡bi mKj Av‡eM †Zv
gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvn -†K wN‡i| Zuvi I Zuvi mv_x‡`i eiKZgq
mvnP‡h© Av‡jvwKZ †m hy‡Mi K_v gywg‡bi Cgvb‡K D¾xweZ K‡i| †m
w`b¸‡jv nq‡Zv Avi wd‡i cve bv| Z‡e hw` wKQz Avwjg, Zvwjeyj
Bjg I m‡PZb gywgb †m eiKgZq hy‡Mi AvLjvK AR©b Ki‡Z m‡Pó
nb Z‡e Zv n‡e Avgv‡`i eo AR©b| G AR©‡bi Av‡e‡MB G K_
v¸‡jv wjLjvg| gnvb Avjøvni Kv‡Q mKvZ‡i Aviwh Kwi, wZwb
Avgv‡`i AšÍi¸‡jv‡K ivm~jyjøvn -Gi mybœv‡Zi AbyMZ K‡i w`b
Ges g‰Z‡K¨ I gZ‡f‡` Zuvi cÖkswmZ gyeviK hyM¸‡jvi †bKKvi
gvbyl‡`i AbyKiY I Abymi‡Yi ZvIdxK w`b|
gnvb AvjøvnB fvj Rv‡bb| mvjvZ I mvjvg Zuvi ev›`v, ivm~j
I Ljxj gynv¤§v` , Zuvi cwiRb I mv_xM‡Yi Dci| cÖ_‡g I
†k‡l, me©`v I me©Î mKj cÖksmv gnvb Avjøvni wbwgË|