Choose the correct answer

1. …………. retaining walls depend on their mass to resist pressure from retained soil behind.
(Cantilever – Counterfort – Gravity – all the previous are correct)
2. For obvious economic reasons, Plain concrete gravity walls are not used for heights exceed
about ……….
(3m – 1m – 2m – 4m)
3. Wall and base of …………. retaining walls are tied together at intervals by bracing behind
walls.
(Cantilever – Counterfort – Gravity – Buttress)
4. Counterfort wall are placed at regular intervals of about ………. of the wall height,
interconnecting the stem with the heel slab.
(1/5 to 1/6 - 1/8 to 1/4 - 1/3 to ½ - 1/4 to 1/6)
5. In buttress retaining walls, the transverse stem supports, called buttress, located in the front
side, interconnecting the stem with the ……….
(heel slab - toe slab – earth - all the previous is correct)
6. ………. wall is made of rectangular containers fabricated of heavily galvanized wire, filled
with stone, and stacked on one another, usually in tiers that that step back with the slope.
(Gravity – Gabion – Crib – Tieback)
7. ……. Wall is interlocking individual boxes made from timber or precast concrete members
and filled with crushed stone or other granular materials to create free-draining structure.
(Gravity – Gabion – Crib – Tieback)
8. Top width of T shape cantilever retaining wall ranged from 200 mm to 400 mm.
(400 mm to 600 mm - 600 mm to 800 mm - 200 mm to 400 mm - 100 mm to 150 mm)
9. Base slab thickness of T shape cantilever retaining wall ranged from………., where (H) is
complete height of retaining wall.
(H/2 to H/3 - H/16 to H/20 - H/4 to H/5 - H/10 to H/14)
10.Toe projection of T shape cantilever retaining wall ranged from………. Base width.
(1/3 to 1/4 - 1/4 to 1/5 - 1/5 to 1/6 - 1/6 to 1/7)
11.Girder Type R.C. bridge is used for span ranged from………...
(1.0 m to 2.0 m - 8.0 m to10.0 m - 3.0 m to 7.0 m - 2.0 m to 3.0 m)
12.Simple slab type R.C. bridge is used for spans up to …………
(1.0 m – 5.0 m – 4.0 m – 3.0 m)
13.In Girder Type R.C. bridge, the distance between centerline to centerline of girders is limited
by ………...
(1.0 m – 5.0 m – 2.0 m – 3.0 m)
14.Slab supported on main girders and cross girders is used for spans ranged from ………….
(1.0 m to 2.0 m - 7.0 m to 15 m - 3.0 m to 4.0 m - 15 m to 30 m)
15.R.C. pier width equal to …………
(Span/ 2→ 3 - Span/ 4→ 6 - Span/ 6→ 12 - Span/ 12→ 16)
16.In Girder Type R.C. bridge, effective span Se equal ………. clear span S.
(1.4 – 1.6 - 1.05 - 1.09)
17.In Girder Type R.C. bridge, depth of main girder approximately equal to Se/ 7→14
(Se/ 2→3 - Se/ 3→4 - Se/ 15→19 - Se/ 7→14)
18.Stability of …………. retaining walls is maintained essentially by the weight of soil on the
base slab in addition to self-weight of structure.
(cantilever – gabion – gravity – crib)
19.In cantilever retaining walls, …… acts as a vertical cantilever under the lateral earth pressure.
(Toe slab – Stem - Heel slab - all the previous is correct)
20.In cantilever retaining walls, ………… acts as a horizontal cantilever under the action of
weight of the retained earth (minus soil pressure acting upwards from below).
(Toe slab – Stem - Heel slab - all the previous is correct)
21.In cantilever retaining walls, ……….. acts as a cantilever under the action of resulting soil
pressure acting upward.
(Toe slab – Stem - Heel slab - all the previous is correct)
22.The most used culvert materials are …………
(concrete - corrugated metal - plastic or PVC - all the previous are correct)
23.The control section of a culvert operating under inlet control is located …………….
(Downstream culvert – upstream culvert - just inside the entrance - all the previous are correct)
24.The control section for outlet control flow in a culvert is located at …………….
(barrel exit or further downstream - barrel inlet – section upstream culvert – barrel inlet only)

25.In culvert operating under inlet control, the upstream water surface elevation and the
………… geometry represent the major flow controls.
(downstream - outlet – intermediate – inlet)
26.For outlet control flow in a culvert, either ………………flow exists in the culvert barrel
under these conditions.
(supercritical or pressure - subcritical or pressure - critical or pressure – critical or free surface flow)
27.Mean velocity through the culvert (V) is assumed between…………….
(2.0 m/s and 3.0 m/s -1.0 m/s and 2.0 m/s -3.0 m/s and 4.0 m/s -1.5 m/s and 2.5 m/s)
28.Mean velocity through the culvert (V) is assumed = …………. must be satisfied, where v is
mean water velocity through canal or drain.
(1v to 2v -3v to 4v -2.5v to 3.5v - 2v to 3v)
29.In flat countries, the head loss in the culvert (H) should be less than………, since the flow in
culvert running full under pressure similar to flow in pipes.
(20 mm - 20 cm - 30 cm - 30 mm)
30.Reinforced concrete Box Culvert with Square section S=H provides ………………for a
given perimeter.
(max area and minimum friction - max area and max friction - minimum area and minimum friction -
minimum area and max friction)
31.Reinforced concrete Box Culvert with rectangular section S < H is economical under
………… loads but may require big depth at entrance.
(small – heavy – moderate – little)
32.The object of ……………is to carry the discharge of one stream beneath the bed of the other.
(culvert - aqueduct – syphon - R.C. bridge)
33.The choice of which waterway will run through the syphon depends on………..
(Water levels - Discharge Q – Navigation - all the previous are correct)

34.Mean velocity through syphon (V) is assumed between…………….

(2.0 m/s and 3.0 m/s -1.0 m/s and 2.0 m/s -3.0 m/s and 4.0 m/s -1.5 m/s and 2.5 m/s)
35.Mean velocity through syphon (V) is assumed = …………. must be satisfied, where v is
mean water velocity through canal or drain.
(1v to 2v -3v to 4v -2.5v to 3.5v - 2v to 3v)
36.The head loss in syphon (H) should be less than……… since the flow in syphon running full
under pressure similar to flow in pipes.
(20 mm - 20 cm - 30 cm - 30 mm)
37.Head lost due to friction in syphon = ……× (V2/2g)
(R×L/f - f×L/R - f×L×R - f×R/L)
38.An empirical formula for steel pipe syphon thickness (t) in centimeters is given
by………… Where D is pipe diameter in meters.
[t = 0.35(D+1) - t = 0.35(D-1) - t = 0.35/(D+1) - t = 0.35D]
39.Thickness (t) in meter of plain concrete pipe syphon is given by t = ……. Where P is internal
water pressure t/m2 and D is pipe diameter in meters.
(P/30D - PD/30 – 30PD – D/30P)
40.Aqueduct part over water way is a designed as a beam designed under the following loads:
(Its own weight - Weight of water - Live loads if used as a footing or bridge - all the previous are correct)
41.The aqueduct supported on two mainstays, is designed as a beam with two overhanging
cantilever and the distance between the mainstays is selected so that max (-ve) B.M.
………….. max (+ve) B.M.
(less than – greater than – equal – more than)
42.Mean velocity through aqueduct (V) is assumed between…………….
(2.0 m/s and 3.0 m/s -1.0 m/s and 2.0 m/s -3.0 m/s and 4.0 m/s -1.5 m/s and 2.5 m/s)
43.Mean velocity through aqueduct (V) is assumed = …………. must be satisfied, where v is
mean water velocity through canal or drain.
(1v to 2v -3v to 4v -2.5v to 3.5v - 2v to 3v)
44.When the difference in bed level of the water way is……………, a sudden drop in the upper
surface of lock’s floor is made downstream the upper gate.
(Less than 0.5 - more than 0.5 m – equal 0.5m – more than 0.3 m)
45.For ……………..Navigation Density, when the difference between upstream and
downstream water levels is within 1.0m, lock chamber is constructed long enough of natural
canal bed and side slopes to take many boats in one trip.
(very light - moderate – high – very high)
46.When lock is placed …………of the regulator, downstream water level allows boats to
navigate through the lock without opening of Swing Bridge.
(downstream – upstream - partly placed upstream - all the previous are correct)
47.Gate operating time and filling and emptying time of lock are dependent entirely
on………….
(design of approach channels - pilot skill - design of lock - towboat capability)
 48.Approach time, entry time, exit time, and departure time to lock are dependent on ………
(pilot skill - towboat capability - design of approach channels, guide walls, and lock chambers - all the previous are correct)
49.There are two landing walls in symmetrical lock, but in unsymmetrical lock there are
……………..landing wall in addition to one guide pier where lock is adjacent to heading up
structure.
(four – two- three – one)
50.Thrust walls are walls ……………………………………… are called thrust walls.
(adjacent to earth fill away from gate – at upstream gate only - at both of upstream gate and downstream
gate - at downstream gate only)
51.In reaches of river where the channel gradient is……………, and where erosion is an issue,
the increased water depths caused by impounding using weirs will decrease water surface
slopes, reduce velocities and erosion along the channel.
(critical – mild – tranquil – steep)
52.A subsidiary weir is usually constructed ………………. of barrage or regulator when they
show weakness appearance.
(upstream and downstream – downstream – upstream – faraway)
53.In submerged weir, downstream water level is …………. the crest and the hydraulic jump
is not visible.
(below – beneath – at – above)
54.In diversion work, regulator must be constructed ……………….of diversion point.
(50 to 200 meter downstream – 50 to 200 meter upstream – 300 to 500 meter upstream - 300 to 500 meter downstream)
55.Tail escapes are built at the ……………of canals.
(middle – beginning – end – intake)
56.The well escape is built in the cases of ……………. and small discharge.
(small canals – small drain - main canals – main drain)
57.In tail escape, the drainage pipe may be horizontal or it may have a slope not more than …….
(5% - 7% - 9% - 3%)
58.In tail escape, water level inside well should be cover the top of drainage pipe’s entrance by
a height ……………….. of pipe diameter for submergence flow.
(less than or equal 20% - more than or equal 20% – smaller than 20% - smaller than 10%)
59.In tail escape, water level inside well should be lower than the crest level of well by at least
………….. to let the well work as a clear overall weir.
(5 cm – 10 cm - 50 cm – 20 cm)
60.The water level in canal is not allowed to exceed the canal’s high-water level by more
than……….
(25cm – 50 cm – 1.0 m – 2.0 m)
Illustrate by drawing intersection between two Navigable water ways having different water
levels.

Illustrate by drawing relative position of isolated locks

Illustrate by drawing side port culvert system

Illustrate by drawing Diversion head work using Weir or Barrage