Projectil Motio

A projectile is any object that once projected or dropped continues in motion by its own
inertia and is influenced only by the downward force of gravity.

Remember → gravity is the only force

Characteristics

Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion

Forces No Yes
The force of gravity acts downward

Acceleration No Yes
g is downward at 9.81 m/s2

Velocity Constant Changing

by 9.81 m/s each second
Equations

Throwing at an angle
 Unifor Circular Motio

Motion of an object in a circle at a constant speed

● Constant change of direction

● Constant speed

At all instances, the object is moving tangent to the circle

Since the direction of the velocity vector is the same as the direction of the object's motion,
the velocity vector is directed tangent to the circle

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
2π𝑟
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑇
𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 2π𝑟

Velocity Vector
Constant speed. But changing velocity

The direction of the velocity is changing → as it moves in circle,

the direction is different than it was the instant before

Direction of the velocity → tangential

Angular measure
● Coordinates from angles:
x=r cosθ
y=r sinθ
● Angular displacement (linear displacement)
∆θ= θ - θi
● Arc length:
s = rθ

Angular speed and velocity

Distance over time
Average angular speed:
∆θ θ−θ𝑜 −1
ω= ∆θ
= 𝑡−𝑡𝑜
Unit 𝑠
Direction of angular velocity → thumb rule →
Tangential speed
Instantaneous velocity at any given time.
It’s the magnitude of the tangential velocity
v=rω
Tangential velocity increases with an increase in radius → + radius = + tangential velocity

Period and frequency

Period (T) → time it takes for an object in circular motion to make one complete revolution
Frequency (f) → number of revolutions or cycles made in a given time.

f=1/T Unit is Hertz (Hz)

ω=2π/T=2πf