314 MATHEMATICS

In I1, put 2x2 + 6x + 5 = t, so that (4x + 6) dx = dt

dt
Therefore, I1 = ∫ t
= log t + C1

2
= log | 2 x + 6 x + 5 | + C1 ... (2)

dx 1 dx
and I2 = ∫ 2x 2 + 6x + 5 = 2 ∫ 5
x2 + 3 x +
2

1 dx
= ∫
2  2
3 1 
2

 x + +
  
 2 2 

3
Put x + = t , so that dx = dt, we get
2
1 dt 1
I2 =
2 ∫ 1 
2 =
1
tan – 1 2 t + C 2 [by 7.4 (3)]
2
t +  2×
 2 2

–1  3 –1
= tan 2  x +  + C 2 = tan ( 2 x + 3 ) + C 2 ... (3)
 2
Using (2) and (3) in (1), we get

x+ 2 1 1
∫ 2 x 2 + 6 x + 5 dx = 4 log 2 x
2
+ 6x + 5 + tan – 1 ( 2 x + 3 ) + C
2

C1 C2
where, C=+
4 2
(ii) This integral is of the form given in 7.4 (10). Let us express

d
x+3= A (5 – 4 x – x 2 ) + B = A (– 4 – 2x) + B
dx
Equating the coefficients of x and the constant terms from both sides, we get
1
– 2A = 1 and – 4 A + B = 3, i.e., A = – and B = 1
2
 INTEGRALS 315

x+3 1 (– 4 – 2 x) dx + dx
Therefore, ∫ 2
dx = –
2 ∫ 5 − 4x − x 2 ∫ 5 − 4 x − x2
5 − 4x − x
1
I +I= – ... (1)
2 1 2
In I1, put 5 – 4x – x2 = t, so that (– 4 – 2x) dx = dt.
( – 4 − 2 x) dx dt
Therefore, I1 = ∫ 5 − 4x − x 2
=∫
t
= 2 t + C1

= 2 5 – 4x – x 2 + C1 ... (2)

dx dx
Now consider I2 = ∫ 5 − 4x − x 2
=∫
9 – ( x + 2) 2
Put x + 2 = t, so that dx = dt.
dt t
∫
–1
Therefore, I2 = = sin + C2 [by 7.4 (5)]
2
3 −t 2 3

–1 x+ 2
= sin + C2 ... (3)
3
Substituting (2) and (3) in (1), we obtain
x+3 x+ 2 C
∫ 5 – 4x – x 2
= – 5 – 4x – x2 + sin – 1
3
+ C , where C = C2 – 1
2

EXERCISE 7.4
Integrate the functions in Exercises 1 to 23.
3 x2 1 1
1. 2. 3.
x6 +1 1 + 4x 2 ( 2 – x) 2 + 1
1 3x x2
4. 5. 6.
9 – 25 x 2 1 + 2 x4 1 − x6

x –1 x2 sec2 x
7. 8. 9.
x2 – 1 x6 + a 6 tan 2 x + 4