3 Indefinite Integration

1
i. (D)
Since
d x
dx
 x  = x (1 + log x),
x

xx (1 + log x) dx = xx + c

ii. (B)
 
2
1+ x + x + x 2 1 x  x 1 x
 x + 1+ x dx =  x  1 x
dx

1 x  1 x  x 
=  x  1 x
dx

1
=  1  x  2  dx
3
2
= 1  x  2 + c
3

2.
i. Let I =  tan 2 x dx =   sec 2 x  1 dx
=  sec 2 x dx – 1  dx
 I = tan x  x + c

ii.  ex [cot x + log(sin x)] dx

=  ex [log(sin x) + cot x] dx
= ex  log (sin x) + c …[  ex [f (x) + f (x)] dx = ex f(x) + c]

3. Let I =  1+sin 2x dx

=  sin 2 x  cos2 x  2sin x cos x dx

  cos x + sin x
2
= dx
=  (cos x + sin x) dx
=  cos x dx +  sin x dx
 I = sin x  cos x + c

10 x9  10 x log10
4. Let I =  10 x  x10
dx

Put x10 + 10x = t

Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
10x9 + 10x log 10)dx = dt
dt
 I= t = log |t| + c

 I = log |x10 + 10x| + c

1
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Std. XII : Perfect Maths - II


1 1
5. Let I =
3x  8
2
dx =   8
dx
3 x 2  
 3


1 1
= dx
2
3 2 2
x 2   
 3 
2
1 2 2
= log x  x 2    +c
3  3 

1 8
 I= log x  x 2  + c
3 3

2x2  1
6. Let I = x 4
 9 x 2  20
dx

2x2  1
=   x2  4 x2  5
dx

2 x 2 1 A B
Let = 2 +
( x  4)( x 2  5)
2
x  4 x2  5
 2x2  1 = A(x2 + 5) + B(x2 + 4) …(i)
Putting x2 = 5 in (i), we get
11 = B
 B = 11
Putting x2 =  4 in (i), we get
A=9
2 x 2 1 9 11
 = 2 + 2
( x  4)( x 2  5)
2
x 4 x 5
 11 9 
 I =  2  2  dx
 x  5 x  4
1 1
= 11 x dx  9 x dx
 5  22
2 2
2


11  x  9  x
 I= tan1    tan1   + c
5  5  2 2

 3  2sin x  cos x  dx
1
7. Let I =

 x
Put tan   = t
2
 x = 2 tan–1 t
2 2t 1  t2
 dx = dt and sin x = , cos x =
1 t 2
1 t 2
1  t2

 3  2
1 2
 I=  dt
2t   1  t 
2
1  t2
 2 
  2 
1  t  1  t 

 3  3t
2dt
= 2
 4t  1  t 2

 4t
2dt
= 2
 4t  2

22
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Chapter 3: Indefinite Integration


2 1
= dt
4 t2  t + 1
2
2 2
1  1  1
 coefficient of t  =   1 =
 2   2  4


1 1
 I= dt
2 t2  t + 1  1  1
4 4 2


1 1
= dt
2  1 2  1 2
t +    
 2 2
 1
t+ 
1 1 –1 
=  tan  2  + c
2 1  1 
2  2 
= tan–1 (2t + 1) + c
  x 
 I = tan–1  2 tan    1 + c
2   

8. Let I =  sec3 x dx
=  sec x  sec2 x dx
d 
= sec x  sec2 x dx –   dx sec x   sec x dx  dx
2

= sec x  tan x –  sec x tan x  tan x dx

= sec x  tan x –  sec x tan2 x dx
= sec x  tan x –  sec x (sec2 x – 1) dx
= sec x  tan x –  sec3 x dx +  sec x dx
 I = sec x  tan x – I + log | sec x + tan x | + c1
 2I = sec x tan x + log |sec x + tan x| + c1
1 1 c
 I= sec x tan x + log |sec x + tan x| + c, where c = 1
2 2 2


3x + 4
9. Let I = dx
2 x 2  2 x+ 1
d
Let 3x + 4 = A (2x2 + 2x + 1) + B
dx
 3x + 4 = A (4x + 2) + B
 3x + 4 = 4Ax + 2A + B
By equating the coefficients on both sides, we get
4A = 3 and 2A + B = 4
3 3
 A= and 2   + B = 4
4 4
5
 B=
2
3 5
 3x + 4 = (4x + 2) +
4 2
3 5
 4x + 2  
 I= 4 2 2x  2x + 1
2 dx


3 4x + 2 5 1
=
4  2x  2x + 1
2
dx +
2 2x  2x  1
2
dx

= I1 + I2 …(i)

3
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Std. XII : Perfect Maths - II

3 4x + 2
I1 =
4  2x2  2x + 1
dx

Put 2x2 + 2x + 1 = t
 (4x + 2) dx = dt
3 dt
4 t
 I1 =

3  12
4
= t dt

 1
3 t2 
=   + c1
4 1 
2
3
= t + c1
2
3
 I1 = 2 x2  2x + 1 + c1 …(ii)
2
5 1
I2 =
2  2x  2x + 1
2
dx

5 1
2
= dx
 1
2 x2  x + 
 2
2 2
1  1  1
 coefficient of x  =   1 =
2  2  4
5 1
2 2 2
 I2 = dx
1 1 1
x  x+  
4 4 2
5 1
2 2 
= 2 2
dx
1 1
x+   
 2  2
2 2

log x +   x +    
5 1 1 1
= + c2
2 2 2  2  2

5 1 1
 I2 = log x +  x 2  x + + c2 …(iii)
2 2 2 2
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
3 5 1 1
I= 2 x2  2 x + 1 + log x +  x 2  x + + c, where c = c1 + c2
2 2 2 2 2

10. Let I =  a 2  x2 1dx

d
= a 2  x 2 1dx   
 dx

a 2  x 2  1dx  dx


2 x
= x a  x  
2 2
 x dx
2 a 2  x2
(a 2  x 2 )  a 2
= x  a 2  x2   dx
a 2  x2
 a 2  x2  a2
= x  a 2  x2     dx
 a x a x 
2 2 2 2

1
= x  a 2  x 2   a 2  x 2 dx + a 2  2 2 dx
a x

44
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Chapter 3: Indefinite Integration

x
 I = x  a 2  x 2  I + a 2 sin 1   + c1
 a
 
x
 2I = x  a 2  x 2 + a 2 sin 1   + c1
a
x 2 a2  x c
 I= a  x 2 + sin 1   + 1
2 2 a 2
x 2 a2  x
  a 2  x2 dx =
2
a  x 2  sin 1    c ,
2 a
c1
where c =
2