Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) Tunga, Leyte

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) is an imperative for the development of a local government unit as it determines the
level of exposure, vulnerability, and risks of population, urban use areas, natural resources, lifeline utilities, and critical point facilities
to disasters. The formulation of CDRA is based on the HLURB Guidebook for mainstreaming climate change and disaster risk in
comprehensive land use planning (2015). It provides necessary preparation and recommendation to help the municipality reduce
its losses and damage in times of calamities. The technical working group (TWG) conducted a five-step process which involves:
1) collecting hazard and climate change information; 2) scoping of potential impacts: 3) exposure database development; 4) climate
and disaster risk assessment, and; 5) identifying decision areas and corresponding policy interventions. It provides necessar y
preparation and recommendation to help the municipality reduce its losses and damage in times of calamities. The municipality of
Tunga is found in the island of Leyte, under the administrative jurisdiction of Region VIII. It is specifically located at 11º15’ east
longitude and 124º24’ north latitude. Tunga is a sixth-class municipality, the smallest in Leyte in terms of land area and population,
under the administrative jurisdiction of Region VIII. It is situated inland between the towns of Jaro and Carigara along the national
road/main highway. It is about 52 kilometers from Ormoc, the city on the north, and approximately 44 kilometers from Tacloban, the
regional capital, and thus was spared by the powerful storm surge that swept away many communities in the coastal lying areas of
the capital city and neighboring towns. It did not, however, escape the strong battering winds of the super typhoon Yolanda and left
95% of homes in the town totally damaged. Given the data gathered from different national agencies, key informant interviews, and
after validation from the key stakeholders, results revealed that the municipality is susceptible to flood, and rain-induced landslide.
Flood and rain-induced landslide are experienced in all barangays. Results showed that barangays most at risk in all exposure units
for flooding are Astorga, San Antonio, San Pedro, San Vicente, and Santo Niño. Meanwhile, all barangays are moderately risk to rain-
induced landslide. Formulated interventions are usually pre-disaster preparations. These includes the construction or expansion of
mitigating measures (revetment, riprap, and flood control), elevation of structures (roads and buildings), conduction of Information
Education Campaign (IEC), and strict implementation of national regulations and policies such as the national building code.

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 Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) Tunga, Leyte

ACRONYMS

CCA Climate Change Adaptation

CCVA Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CDRA Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment
DHSUD Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development

DILG Department of Interior and Local Governance

DOH Department of Health
DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development
DJF December, January, February season

EWS Early Warning System

GIS Geographic Information System
GPS Global Positioning System
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
JJA June, July, August season

LGU Local Government Unit

MAM March, April, May season

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 Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) Tunga, Leyte

MDRRMP Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau

MNAO Municipal Nutrition Action Officer
MPDC Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator
MPDO Municipal Planning and Development Office
MSWDO Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NEDA National Economic and Development Authority
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
PHIVOLCS Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

PPDO Provincial Planning and Development Office

PSA Philippine Statistics Office
SON September, October, November season
UNFCC United Nations Framework on Climate Change
UNISDR United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Secretariat

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 Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) Tunga, Leyte

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . i
ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
LIST OF MAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
LIST OF ANNEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
I. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
A. Brief Locale of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
B. The Climate and Risk Assessment (CDRA)¹ . . . . . . . . . . 8
II. HAZARD INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
A. HAZARD MAPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
B. HAZARD INVENTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
C. HAZARD SUSCEPTIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
D. HISTORY OF PREVIOUS DISASTER . . . . . . . . . . . 23
III. CLIMATE PROJECTION FROM PAGASA (Increase in temperature & Increase in Rainfall) . . . . . 24
IV. SCOPING THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHAIN (Impact Chain) . . . . . . . 29
A. AGRICULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
B. URBAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
V. CLIMATE CHANGE RISK ASSESSMENT (Increase in Temperature & Increase in Rainfall) . . . . . 35
A. AGRICULTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
B. URBAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
VI. DISASTER RISK ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
-Exposure Database of the Hazards with Risk Results and Risk Maps
A. POPULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
B. URBAN USE AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
C. NATURAL RESOURCE BASED PRODUCTION AREAS . . . . . . . . . 73
D. CRITICAL POINT FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
E. LIFELINE UTILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
VII. SUMMARY OF DECISION AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
VIII. APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Climate and Disaster Risk Conceptual Framework. . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 2. Integration of CDRA to the CLUP and the Steps to CDRA. . . . . . . . . 10
Figure 3. Risk Score Matrix for Prioritization. . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 4. Illustration of the General Scheme of the Climate Modeling process that produced
the current available projections for the Philippines . . . . . . . . 25
Figure 5. Impacts of Climate Change to Agriculture Area Ecosystem in Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . 31
Figure 6. Impacts of Climate Change to Urban Area Ecosystems in Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . 33
Figure 7. Climate Change Assessment to Agriculture Area Ecosystems due to Increase in Temperature in Tunga, Leyte . 36
Figure 8. Climate Change Assessment to Agriculture Area Ecosystems due to Increase in Rainfall in Tunga, Leyte . . 37
Figure 9. Climate Change Assessment to Urban Area Ecosystems due to Increase in Temperature in Tunga, Leyte . . 38
Figure 10. Climate Change Assessment to Urban Area Ecosystems due to Increase in Rainfall in Tunga, Leyte . . 39

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Barangay Land Area, Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table 2. Total Population, Household Population, No. of Household and Average Household Size, Tunga, Leyte . . 4
Table 3. Climate Data for Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 4. Total Affected Area by Flooding. . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 5. Total Affected Area by Rain-Induced Landslide. . . . . . . . . . 20
Table 6. Hazard Inventory Matrix, Municipality of Tunga, Province of Leyte . . . . . . . 21
Table 7. Hazard Susceptibility Inventory Matrix, Municipality of Tunga, Province of Leyte . . . . . 22
Table 8. Records of Previous Disasters, Municipality of Tunga, Province of Leyte . . . . . . 23
Table 9. Projected Changes in Seasonal Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 10. Projected Changes in Seasonal Rainfall. . . . . . . . . . . 27
Table 11. Impact Matrix for Natural Resource-Based Production Areas . . . . . . . 34
Table 12. Summary Matrix for Population . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Table 13. Flood Risk Percentage of Urban Use Areas per Classification . . . . . . . 57
Table 14. Rain-Induced Risk Percentage of Urban Use Areas per Classification . . . . . . 60
Table 15. Summary Matrix for Urban Use Areas . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table 16. Flood Risk Percentage of Natural Resources per Barangay . . . . . . . . 75
Table 17. Rain-Induced Landslide Risk Percentage of Natural Resources per Barangay. . . . . . 78

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Table 18. Summary Matrix for Natural Resource Based Production Areas . . . . . . . 83
Table 19. Critical Point Facilities Categorized as High-Risk in Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . 95
Table 20. Summary Matrix for Critical Point Facilities . . . . . . . . . . 103
Table 21. List of Critical Point Facilities – Bridges as part of the Road Network . . . . . . . 115
Table 22. Summary Matrix for Lifeline Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . 123

LIST OF MAPS
Map 1. Base Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Map 2. Hazard Affecting Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Map 3. Flood Hazard Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Map 4. Rain-Induced Landslide Hazard Map . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Map 5. Population Area Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Map 6. Population Area Exposure to Flood Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . . . 44
Map 7. Population Area Risk to Flood Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . . . . 45
Map 8. Population Area Exposure to Rain-Induced Landslide Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . 47
Map 9. Population Area Risk to Rain-Induced Landslide Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . . 48
Map 10. Population Area Risk Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . . . . . 49
Map 11. Urban Use Areas Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . . . . 56
Map 12. Urban Use Areas Exposure to Flood Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . . . 58
Map 13. Urban Use Areas Risk to Flood Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . . . 59
Map 14. Urban Use Areas Exposure to Rain-Induced Landslide Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . 61
Map 15. Urban Use Areas Risk to Rain-Induced Landslide Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . 62
Map 16. Urban Use Areas Risk Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . . . . 63
Map 17. Natural Resource-Based Production Areas Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . 74
Map 18. Natural Resource-Based Production Areas Exposure to Flood Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . 76
Map 19. Natural Resource-Based Production Areas Risk to Flood Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . 77
Map 20. Natural Resource-Based Production Areas Exposure to Rain-Induced Landslide Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . 79
Map 21. Natural Resource-Based Production Areas Risk to Rain-Induced Landslide Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . 80
Map 22. Natural Resource-Based Production Areas Risk Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . . . 81
Map 23. Critical Point Facilities of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . . . . 94
Map 24. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Flood Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . 96
Map 25. Critical Point Facilities Risk to Flood Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . . 97

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Map 26. Critical Point Facilities Exposure to Rain-Induced Landslide Map of Tunga, Leyte . . . . . 99
Map 27. Critical Point Facilities Risk to Rain-Induced Landslide Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . 100
Map 28. Critical Point Facilities Risk Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . . . 101
Map 29. Lifeline Utilities Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Map 30. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Flood Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . . 117
Map 31. Lifeline Utilities Risk to Flood Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . . . 118
Map 32. Lifeline Utilities Exposure to Rain-Induced Landslide Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . .` . 120
Map 33. Lifeline Utilities Risk to Rain-Induced Landslide Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . 121
Map 34. Lifeline Utilities Risk Map of Tunga, Leyte. . . . . . . . . . . 122

LIST OF ANNEXES

Population Severity of Consequence Score Matrix

Urban Used Areas Severity of Consequence Score Matrix
Natural Resource-Based Production Areas Severity of Consequence Score Matrix
Critical Point Facilities Severity of Consequence Score Matrix
Lifeline Utilities Severity of Consequence Score Matrix
Population Risk Table (flood)
Population Risk Table (rain-induced landslide)
Urban Use Areas Risk Table (flood)
Urban Use Areas Risk Table (rain-induced landslide)
Natural Resource-Based Production Areas Risk Table (flood)
Natural Resource-Based Production Areas Risk Table (rain-induced landslide)
Critical Point Facilities Risk Table (flood)
Critical Point Facilities Risk Table (rain-induced landslide)
Lifeline Utilities Risk Table (flood)
Lifeline Utilities Risk Table (rain-induced landslide)
Population Exposure and Risk Database
Urban Use Areas Exposure and Risk Database
Natural Resource-Based Production Areas Exposure and Risk Database
Critical point Facilities Exposure and Risk Database
Lifeline Utilities Exposure and Risk Database

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