INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY CONCEPTS

SECURITY- defined as the degree of protection or resistance against harm, danger, loss, and criminals. As a
form of protection, it includes structures and processes that provide or improve security as a condition.
SECURE- derived from the Latin word securus which means “safe” or “without care” or from se cura, wherein
se means “free from” and cura means ”care”
SECURITY MANAGEMENT- proper utilization of resources in a security organization in order to meet
organizational goals and objectives and to ensure their achievements.
RELATED CONCEPTS OF SECURITY
1. ASSET- anything tangible or intangible that is capable of being owned or controlled to produce value. It has
positive economic value, it is considered an asset. Or more simply, if its value can be converted into cash.
2. RISK- uncertainty of financial loss, the probability that a loss has occurred or will occur, the variations
between actual and expected results, or the possible occurrence of an undesirable.
3. THREAT- anything that could adversely affect assets; can be classified into natural hazards or intentional
acts.
4. VULNERABILITY- mean weakness, flaw, or virtually anything that may conceivably be exploited by a threat.
3 MAIN CATEGORIES OF SECURITY:
1. PHYSICAL SECURITY- pertains to physical barriers employed or installed to secure assets.
2. PERSONNEL SECURITY- refers to the procedure followed, inquiries conducted, and criteria applied to
determine the work sustainability of a particular applicant or the retention of a particular employee.
3. DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION SECURITY- refers to policies, regulations, doctrines, and practices
enforced to safeguard the contents and integrity of any classified information or document from compromise
or loss.
POLITICAL SECURITY- another category that relates to social relationships involving governments or entities
that hold authority or power,
1. PUBLIC SECURITY- refers to the way governments are ensuring the protection of its citizens, organizations,
and institutions against threats to their well-being, as well as maintaining general security and peace in public
places. This includes security against problems that have a direct impact on people’s lives, such as gang
violence, cybercrime, or trafficking of illegal drugs and firearms.
2. NATIONAL SECURITY- requirement to maintain the survival of a state through the use of economic power,
diplomacy, and political power.
3. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY- consists of the measures taken by nations and international organizations to
ensure mutual survival and safety.
In the private sphere, security can be categorized.
1. INDUSTRIAL SECURITY- form of physical security involving industrial plants and busines enterprises.
- involves safeguarding of personnel, processes, properties and operations.
2. BANK AND ARMOR SECURITY- protection resulting from the application of various measures which
safeguards cash and assets in storage, in transit, or during transactions.
3. HOTEL SECURITY- protection of the guests, personnel properties and functions in hotels, restaurants, bars
and clubs.
4. V.I.P SECURITY- protection of top-ranking officials of the government, visiting persons of illustratious
standing and foreign dignitaries.
5. OPERATIONAL SECURITY- protection of processes formula, patents and industrial and manufacturing
activities from espionage, infiltration, loss, compromise or infringement.
6. COMMUNICATION SECURITY- safeguard the resulting from the application of different measures which
prevent or delay the enemy or unauthorized person from gaining information through communication
including transmission and cryptographic.
7. MALL/COMMERCIAL SECURITY- degree of protection against danger, loss, and crime inside malls. As a form
of protection, it refers to systems, structures and processes that provide or improve mall security as a
condition.

HISTORICAL ROOTS OF SECURITY

 PRE-HISTORIC TIMES- used different methods to keep himself safe such as crafting weapons out of
stone and metal, building fire to ward off animals, staying in caves or tree houses, and even staying in
the middle of the lake for protection.
 GREEKS OF ANCIENT PERIOD- organized the first police force in city states which they term polis.
 ROMANS- established the praetorian guards known as vigiles- tasked to be fire fighters
 MIDDLE AGES- French formed a group of called shires and seriff to look after the peace and order of
the different regions.
 ENGLAND- where the greatest influence in the history of security came.
 OLIVER CROMWELL- set up in England and Wales a police force that operated to capture and punish
criminals
 1748- HENRY FIELDING- introduced the concept of crime prevention by organizing watchmen who not
only chased criminals for felonies and misdemeanors but also served Fielding’s purpose of preventing
crime ahead of time with their patrolling function.
 ”FOOT PATROL” –his most valuable contribution to making the streets safe and mounted patrol for the
highways.
 SIR ROBERT PEEL- English Home Secretary formed the first formal police department.
 In America, security practices the in the early days of the colonization followed followed those in
England.
 AMERICAN REVOLUTION sprang and the “Declaration of Indepence was born”.
 1783- a Police Department was established in New York City
 1859- ALLAN PINKERTON- a cooper from Scotland and the Chicago Police Department’s first detective
established one of the oldest private security forces in the United States. This company aside from
providing investigation of crimes and security for industrial concerns also serves as the intelligence
gathering arm of the Union Army during Civil War
 1909- WILLIAM J. BURNS, INC. was formed to become the sole investigating agency for the American
Banking Association.
SECURITY IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

 Philippines sovereign monarchs called datu or lakan had servants called aliping namamahay who
acted as their watchman or protector.
 Spanish colonial government introduced the GUARDIA CIVIL in the Philippines in 1868 to serve as the
police force based on the Civil Guard of Spain. They performed patrol functions in cities and towns,
organized operations for the suppression of bandit groups, and imposed penalties for infringement of
laws and local ordinances.
 CONSTABLE- American colonial period in the Philippines became the forebear of the present National
Police. A couple of constable officers were adequate to maintain peace and order in the town or sitio.

LEGAL CONTEXT OF SECURITY

 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS- adopted by the United Nations on December 10, 1948,
guarantees such instinct to protect in Article 3, which states that ”Everyone has the right to life, liberty
and security of person”
  1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES- lays the foundation of that protects the
Filipino Citizens’ right to security. Relevant sections of the constitution are cited here to demonstrate
specific provisions that guarantee this right.
1. SECTION 4, ARTICLE II. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect people. The
Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens
may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service.
2. SECTION 1, ARTICLE III. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of
law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
3. SECTION 2, ARTICLE III. The right of the people to secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects
against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable,
and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall be issued except upon probable cause to be
determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant
and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the
persons or things to be seized.
4. SECTION 9, ARTICLE III. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
5. SECTION 16, ARTICLE XII. The Congress shall not, except by general law, provide for the information,
organization, or regulation of private corporations. Government or controlled corporations may be
good and subject to the test of economic viability.

 THE REVISED PENAL CODE (ACT 3815) ”An Act Revising the Penal Code and Other Penal Laws”
 Created on December 8, 1930
 This code shall took effect on the January 1, 1932
 Applicable provisions of this act regarding crimes against persons (Title 8 of the Code), personal
liberty and security (Title 9), and property (Title 10) have bearing on the individual’s right to security
and the private security industry.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5487 or “An Act to Regulate the Organization and Operation of Private Detective,
Watchmen, or Security Guards Agency”, is amended by Presidential Decree No. 11 on October 3, 1972.

 This law, the security guards, watchmen, private detectives, and security officers are considered as
force multipliers of the Philippine National Police (PNP) because of the role they play in times of
disasters or calamities.
 Private Security Personnel are called PROTECTION SPECIALISTS
 The Scope of the Law covers originally promulgated and newly introduced rules and regulations
designed to professionalize the security industry. Revisions were made to make the security business a
more credible and reliable sector in our country.
 New provisions include the rule on the utilization of security personnel in certain types of services
 The training program for private security personnel was also expanded to develop skills and knowledge
suitable to current and future applications.

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1919 (Amending RA 5487 and PD 100)

Presidential Decree No. 1919 amended further The Private Security Agency Law on April 28, 1984 with the
following changes.

 Defining watchman or security guard to include those from government entities

 Specifying the employment of a minimum of 200 and a maximum of 1,000 licensed security guards for
any private security agency
 Specifying 30 to 1,000 company guards for company guard forces

PHYSICAL SECURITY

 PHYSICAL SECURITY- refers to a logical set of tangible elements and measures adopted to prevent
unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, materials, documents and personnel.
- Objective is to protect these assets from damage, compromise and loss.
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL SECURITY
1. The type of access necessary depends on the number of variable factors, thus, may be obtained in
different ways.
2. There is no such thing as an impenetrable barrier.
3. The installation of a barrier varies from another.
4. There is defense in barrier depth.
FACTORS IN SELECTING SECURITY SAFEGUARDS
1. SITE CHARACTERISTICS- selection of safeguards can be influenced by the nature of the site such as the
size, layout, utilities, internal activities and assets in the site. Other factors may include company
philosophy and workforce culture.
2. ENVIRONMENT- refers to the sorrounding the facililty. A bank inside a large commercial complex in
Makati City will require safeguards different from those required for an exclusive beach resort in an
island in Cebu or a factory of fireworks in an isolated area in Bulacan. For example, the bank secured
boat access, and the fireworks factory may go with a perimeter fence.
3. FORCES OF NATURE- also at play in the selection of safeguards are the environment’s climate,
weather, and natural forces. Certain detection sensor devices may not work well in extreme
temperatures and are vulnerable to floods and earthquakes.
4. CRIME- patterns must be considered in selecting the necessary countermeasures. Decisions should be
preceded by a risk assessment that includes a study on the nature, intensity, and repetitiveness of
criminal acts that have occurred in or near the facility during the recent past.
Terrorism- also an important factor for certain facilities that may be considered targets of terrorist groups
such as airports, tourist destination, research laboratories and government buildings.
WHAT ARE THE FOUR LAYERS OF PHYSICAL SECURITY
1. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN- The initial layer of security for a campus, building, office, or physical
space uses environmental design to deter threats. Some of the most common examples are also
the mpst basic barbed wire, warning signs and fencing, concrete bollards, metal barriers, vehicle
height-restrictors, site lighting and trenches.
2. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONIC ACCESS CONTROL- includes gates, doors, and locks. Key control of
the locks become a problem with large user populations and any user turnover. Key quickly
become unmanageable forcing the adoption of electronic access control. Electronic access control
easily manages large user populations, controlling for user lifecycles times, dates, and individual
access points.
3. INTRUSION DETECTION- monitors for attacks. It is less a preventive measure and more of a
response measure. Although some would argue that it is a deterrent. Intrusion detection has a high
incidence of false alarm.
4. VIDEO MONITORING- useful for incident verification and historical analysis. For instance, if alarms
are being generated and there is a camera in place, the camera could be viewed to verify the
alarms. In instances when an attack has already occurred and a camera is in place at the point of
attack, the recorded video can be viewed.
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
- A barrier is a natural or manufactured obstacle to the movement of persons, animals, vehicles,
or materials. It defines physical limits to and delays or prevents penetration of an area.
- Any structure or physical device capable of restricting, deterring, delaying, illegal access to an
installation.
ADVANTAGES OF PHYSICAL BARRIERS
1. Physical barriers become a psychological deterrence when a potential intruder is discouraged from
accessing a facility because the barriers appear to present difficulties.
2. Actual difficulty in getting through physical barriers.
 3. Reducing the cost of security staffing by substituting barriers for people, and placing security posts in
locations that complement barriers.
PURPOSE OF PHYSICAL BARRIERS
1. To control the movement of people and vehicles into, out of, and within in facility.
2. To segregate or compartmentalize sensitive areas.
3. To provide physical protection to objects, materials, and processes of critical nature.
TYPES OF BARRIERS
1. NATURAL BARRIERS- included bodies of waters, mountains, marshes, ravines, deserts or other terrain
that are difficult to traverse.
2. STRUCTURAL BARRIERS- these are features constructed by a man regardless of their original intent
that tends to delay the intruder. Examples are walls, doors, windows, locks, fences, safe, cabinets or
containers etc.
3. HUMAN BARRIERS- persons being used in providing a guarding system or by the nature of their
employment and location, fulfill security functions. Examples are guards, office personnel, shop
workers, etc.
4. ANIMAL BARRIERS- animals are used in partially providing a guarding system. Dogs are usually trained
and utilized to serve as guard dogs. German shepherds are best suited for security functions. Goose
and turkeys could be included.
5. ENERGY BARRIERS- it is the employment of mechanical, electrical, electronic energy imposes a
deterrent to entry by the potential intruder or to provide warning to guard personnel. These are
protective lighting, alarm system and any electronic devices used as barriers.