INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY

CONCEPT
WHAT IS SECURITY?

• Security, in a collective sense, is the same as protection and safety; the state
of being safe and the condition of being protected against physical, social,
spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological or
other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or
any other event which could be considered not desirable.
• Security is also freedom from fear, harm, danger, loss, destruction or
damages.
• Basically, it is the action of man against man that led to many unsecured
and unsafe conditions, Reasons could be economic, revenge, or unjust plain
greed and avarice. Whatever the motives, the civilized man needs adequate
protection. 
What is Security Management?
• In one sense, Security Management is the proper utilization of
resources in a security organization in order to meet
organizational goals and objectives and to ensure their
achievements. In another sense, it is a broad field of management
related to asset management, physical security and human
resource safety functions. It entails the identification of an
organization’s information assets and the development,
documentation and implementation of policies, standards,
procedures and guidelines. 
Legal Basis of Industrial Security
• 1. Natural Authority
• 2. Constitutional Authority
• 3. Statutory Authority
Natural Authority
• The highest law is the law of self-preservation. By instinct, man
naturally reacts to protect himself, his family, his honor, freedom,
liberty and property from danger, threat or hazard. He does it
personally and/or thru the help of others.
Constitutional Authority
• Art II Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and
protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to
defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be
required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal,
military or civil service.

• Art III SECTION 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or

property without due process of law, nor shall any person be
denied the equal protection of the laws.
Constitutional Authority
• Art III SECTION 9. Private property
shall not be taken for public use
without just compensation.

• Art III SECTION 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of
whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant
or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined
personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the
place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.
Statutory Authority
• 1. The RPC (Act No. 3815, as amended)Applicable provisions of the Code
on Crimes Against persons, Personal Liberty and Security and Property
have bearing on the security and protection of one’s life, liberty and
property.

• 2. Private Security Agency Law (R.A. 5487 as amended)governs the

operation, administration of security agency, and activities, qualifications,
duties and licensing of security guards, watchmen and private detectives.
In short, it is the intention of this law to professionalize the security
services in order toupgrade the level of security protection.
Major Areas of Industrial Security
• Physical Security- this concern with the physical measures adopted to prevent unauthorized access to
equipment, facilities, material and document and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage,
damage, loss and theft.

• Personnel Security- this is as important as physical security. Personnel Security starts even before
the hiring of an employee and remains to be maintained for as long as the person is employed. Its
purpose is to insure that a firm hires those best suited to assist the firm in achieving its goals and
objectives and once hired assist in providing necessary security to the work force while carrying out
their functions. 

• Document and Information Security- this involves the protection of documents and classified
papers from loss, access by unauthorized persons, damage, theft and compromise through disclosure.
Classified documents need special handling. Lack of indoctrination and orientation among the personal
handling them can result in the leakage, loss, theft and unauthorized disclosure of the documents.
Other Types of Security
• Industrial Security- a type of security applied to business groups in industries like
manufacturing, assembling, research and development, processing, warehousing and even
agriculture. 

• Bank Security- this type of security is concern with bank operations. Its main objective is
the protection of bank cash and assets, its personnel and clientele. Security personnel are
trained to safeguard bank and assets while in storage, in transit and during transactions. 

• Hotel Security- a type of security applied to hotels where its properties are protected from
pilferage, loss, damage, and the function in the hotel restaurants are not disturbed and
troubled by outsiders or the guest themselves. This type of security employs house
detectives, uniforms guard and supervisor and insures that hotel guests and their personal
effects are safeguarded.
Other Types of Security

• VIP Security- a type of security applied for the protection of top-ranking

officials of the government or private entity, visiting persons of illustrious
standing and foreign dignitaries. 

• School Security- a type of security that is concern with the protection of

students, faculty members, and school properties. Security personnel are
trained to protect the school property from theft, vandals, handling campus
riots and detecting the use of intoxicated drugs and alcohol by the students.

• Supermarket or Mall Security

Historical Background of Security
• Many thousand years ago, some form of law and consequently some form of
enforcement can be traced back to the dawn of civilization. Four thousand
years before the birth of Christ in the Nile, Valley, man knew law enforcement
which is security. The Chinese, the Greeks, the Hebrews, the Persians and the
Roman empires are replete with historical background of security.

• In the Christian ear or after the birth of Christ, the watchman, forerunner of
the security guard was known in the old Testaments. Security or law
enforcement more often than not appeared to be military troops. During the
time that the countries were governed by royal families, military bodyguards or
guardsmen picked from the elite troops comprised of the household troops
assigned to Royal Families. Famous among them the Praetorian Guards of
Ancient Rome and the Mameluke of Egypt.
Historical Background of Security

• Today, the only remaining are the Swiss Guards at the Vatican in Rome. During the Age of Feudalism, the Anglo-
Saxons brought with them the England organizations made up of individuals to protect civil and military groups.
The formal system of security during the middle ages follows largely the refinements of existing practices.

• The Anglo-Saxons from Germany, for six hundred years consolidated England under a fairly legal system. The
basic ties of society were kinship and the voluntary association between lord and man. Kinship was the bond on
which the individual depended for security and mutual aid in all his affairs. Between lord and man, the fact was
bilateral. In return for such relationship man provided the lord with weapons, horses, land and treasures and gave
total unswerving loyalty.

• The system of social structure was known as the “frank-pledge”; groups of ten householders were considered a
unit called “tithing”, ten “tithing” constituted the police organization in criminal matters. During these times the
Anglo-Saxons in the exercise of law used the oath or the ordeal for a system or justice. Failure to appear before the
court to answer a charge made one on outlaw.
Historical Background of Security
• In the history of England, the Norman period administered by William of Normandy brought
about such personality as “shire reeves” whose duties are directed toward preservation of
peace and order within their jurisdiction. Under the rule of Henry II, known as the “Law
Giver”, he established a truth between those crimes. Henry II has initiated the rule of law as
distinct from the more arbitrary judgments of the Normans. The Assize of Clarendon in 1166
provided the origin of trial by jury. After the Norman period, in “1215” the “Magna Carta” was
signed. It established the “principle of due process” by stating that no freeman could be
arrested, imprisoned, deprived of his property, outlawed ort exiled or “in any way
destroyed except by legal judgment of his peers or
by the law of the Land”. It established the important
principle that everyone including the king is subject
to law. It was at that time that a central court system
was established where in such institutions and courts
like the coroners, Justice of the Peace, Chancery courts,
the Privy Councils were established.
• In 1784, author and magistrate Henry Fielding proposed a permanent,
profession and adequately paid security force. His most valuable
contribution was the “Foot Patrol” to make the streets safe and
mounted patrol for the highways.
• The Industrial Revolution during the latter half of the 18th Century
began to gather momentum. The time people flocked to the cities
lured by promises of work and wages. The crowding of the cities with
the influx of wealth seeker brought theory, crimes of violence and
juvenile delinquencies.
• Then came the “Laisses Faire” which contended that labor was the
source of wealth; and it was by freedom of labor, that public wealth
would best be promoted. Crime rates spiraled the response to high
crimes brought citizens to resort to carrying of firearms for protection
and they continued to band together to hire special police to protect
homes and properties. This was the beginning of private security.
• In America, security practices in the early days of the colonization
followed those of England. Mutual protection and accountability
characterized the various groups. The American Revolution sprang
and the “Declaration of Independence was born”. Police power is
bestowed upon the state to permit interference with the normal
personal and property rights in the interest of conducting government
in the general public interest.”
• In 1783, a police Department was established in New York City,
followed by Detroi5t in 1801, Cincinnati in 1803, Chicago in 1846, Los
Angeles in 1850, Philadelphia in 1855 and Dallas in 1856.
• The advent of the World War II causes an even more dramatic
development of private security agencies. Security personnel
constituted a large work force, looking for jobs involving security
services and thus usher in the era of Modern Security.
• In 1859, Allan Pinkerton, a cooper from Scotland and the
Chicago Police Department’s first detective established
one of the oldest private security forces in the United
States. This company aside from providing investigation
of crimes and security for industrial concerns also serves
as the intelligence gathering arm of the Union Army
during the Civil War.
• In 1889, Brinks Incorporated started the business as a
private service to protect property payrolls. In 1909, the
William J, Burns, Inc was formed to become the sole
investigating agency for the American Banking
Association. Pinkerton and Burns were the only National
Investigative bodies concerned with non-specialized crime
until the advent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
• In the Philippines, it would be wise to trace the steps leading to the final signing by President Ferdinand
E. Marcos on June 13, 1969 of Republic Act 5487, the Private Security Agency Law. In this law was
assigned the most important role of Security Guard Force in assisting the Police in its mission to
safeguard lives and properties. The then Philippine Constabulary (PC) played a great role in supervising
all Private Constabulary issued Staff Memo dated August 4, 1969 creating the Philippine Constabulary
Security and Investigation Agency Supervisory Office (PCSIASO). After barely two (2) months another
General Staff Memo was issued renaming PCISASO to PCSOSIA. On June 29, 1970, it was again
renamed as PC Supervisory Unit for Security and Investigation Agency (SUSIA). However, the
supervision was later on transferred to the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA). With the
intention of continuously professionalizing the security industry, several Presidential Decrees were
issued such as PD No. 11 issued on October 1972, amending certain sections of RA 5487 particularly
Sections 4 as to who may organize a security and watchman agency; PD 100 on January 17, 1973 further
amended Sections 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 which permits the watchman or security guard to assist in cases of
emergency disaster or calamity. With the creation of the Philippine National Police on January 1, 1991
pursuant to RA 6975, PCSUSIA became Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies
(SOSIA) and on January 01, 1995 it was renamed as PNP SAGSD (Security Agencies and Guards
Supervision Division). This Unit of the PNP was given the same functions to that of the PCSOSIA but a
more challenging and expanding tasks, To date, there are more or less Two Thousand (2,000) registered
security agencies operating in the Philippines, Five Hundred Sixty Thousand (560,000) licensed
security personnel and One Hundred Twenty Four (124) Private Security Training Institutions.
Law Relevant to Industrial Security Management
• Section 24, R.A. 6975, as amended – Powers and functions of the
PNP:.Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives
in accordance with law.. Supervise and control the training and
operations of security agencies and issue licensesto operate
security agencies, and to security guards and private detectives, or
the practice oftheir profession