INTRODUCTION

SECURITY
- Generally, the meaning of security
is a kind of state where people,
institutions, authority or groups feel
fully secured, free from any threat
or vulnerability from somewhere or
someone in his/her life, liberty,
property or activity. It could be in
physical, psychological, social or
economical form.
SECURITY
- It is a state or quality of being
secured, freedom from fear or
danger, assurance, certainty;

- It is the degree of protection against

danger, loss, and criminals;

- Protection against any type of crime

to safeguard life and assets by
various methods and devices.
Brief History of
Security in the
Philippines
SECURITY
After the Spanish Regime
- The private security business
began on March 11, 1933, when
the first formally licensed private
security agency “Special
Watchman Agency” started
operations;

- Later it renamed “Jimenez

Security Agency”, founded by
brothers Juan and Pedro Jimenez;
SECURITY
After the Spanish Regime
- On May 30 1958, the Philippine
Association of Detectives and
Protective Agency Operators Inc.
(PADPAO) was formally
organized;
SECURITY
After the Spanish Regime
Cong. Teodulo Natividad

- sponsored this bill transferring

the control and supervision of
security industry from local
mayors to Philippine
Constabulary.
SECURITY
After the Spanish Regime
- The bill passed from the lower
house and was endorsed to the
Senate, and was sponsored by
Senator Alejandro Almendras,
who was dubbed as the “Father
for Security Industry in the
Philippines.”
SECURITY
After the Spanish Regime
- In June 21, 1969, the bill was
signed into law by then
President Ferdinand E. Marcos
and was known as “Republic
Act 5487 or Private Security
Agency Law”
SECURITY
After the Spanish Regime
- On August 1969, the Philippine Constabulary activated
the Security and Investigation Supervisory office
(SIASO) to supervise and control the organization and
operation of private security and detective agencies
nationwide;

- Later it was renamed Philippine Constabulary

Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation
Agencies or PCSOSIA;
SECURITY
After the Spanish Regime
- P.D. 11 was passed on October 3, 1972, widening the
coverage of RA 5487 to include security guards
employed in logging concessions, agricultural, mining
and pasture lands (Law that amended R.A. 5487);

- P.D. 100 was issued on January 17, 1973, broadening

the coverage of the security industry to include
employees of the national or local government or any
agency who are employed to watch or secure
government building and properties;
SECURITY
After the Spanish Regime
- On April 28, 1984, P.D. 1919 was passed, further
broadening the provisions within the R.A. 5487.

- With the passage of RA 6975, this unit was absorbed by

the Philippine National Police;

- Later it was made into a division of the PNP Civil

Security Group and was renamed Security Agencies
and Guard Supervision Division (SAGSD);
SECURITY
After the Spanish Regime
- It was again renamed to PNP
Supervisory Office for Security
Investigation Agency (SOSIA).
SECURITY
Basis of Security
I. Natural Mandate

- This is the supreme law, the law of self-preservation.

By nature, man instinctively protects himself and
those he holds dear – may it be property freedom of
loved-ones – from danger or threat; with or without
help from others.
SECURITY
Basis of Security
II. Constitutional Mandate (1987 Constitution)

1. Article II, Section 4

- The Prime duty of the government is to serve and

protect the people. The government may call
upon the people to defend the State and, in the
fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required,
under conditions provided by law, to render
personal, military or civil service.
SECURITY
Basis of Security
1. Article II, Section 4

- All citizens of the state who are considered

qualified – including security personnel – may be
required by law to render personal military or civil
service.
SECURITY
Basis of Security
2. Article III, Section 1

- “No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or

property without due process of law, nor shall
any person be denied the equal protection of the
laws.”
SECURITY
Basis of Security
● Additional Rights:

○ Article III, Section 12: “Any person under

investigation for the commission of an offense shall
have the right to be informed of his right to remain
silent and to have competent and independent
counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person
cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be
provided with one. These rights cannot be waived
except in writing and in the presence of counsel.”
SECURITY
Basis of Security
● Additional Rights:

○ R.A. 7438
- An act defining certain rights of person arrested,
detained or under Custodial Investigation;
- protection of the rights of a suspect.
SECURITY
Types of Security Measures for an Effective Defense Against Crimes:

1. Active Measures - these involve the installation of

physical barriers, security lighting, use of vaults, locks and
others.

2. Passive Measures - those that will deter man from

committing such act of fear of being caught, charge in
court or get dismissed, such as: security education,
programs, investigations, seminars, personnel security
check.
SECURITY
Types of Security
1. Physical Security – a system of
barriers placed between the potential
intruder and the objects/matter to be
protected. It is the broadest branch
of security, which is concerned with
physical measures adopted to
prevent unauthorized access to
equipment, facilities, materials and
documents and to safeguard them
against espionage, sabotage,
damage and theft;
SECURITY
Types of Security
2. Industrial Security – A form of physical security that is
concerned with the physical measures designed to safeguard
personnel and prevent unauthorized access to equipment,
facilities, materials, documents, and to protect them from
espionage, sabotage, damage or theft;
SECURITY
Types of Security
3. Bank Security – Is the protection resulting from the
application of various measures which safeguards cash and
assets which are in storage, in transit and or during transaction;
SECURITY
Types of Security
SECURITY
Types of Security
4. Hotel Security - It is the protection using various
applications of hotel guests and their personnel effects, hotel
properties and functions in hotel restaurants, bars and clubs;
SECURITY
Types of Security
5. V.I.P. Security - It
involves the protection of
top-ranking officials of the
government, visiting persons
of illustrious standing and
foreign dignitaries. (also
known as Personal Security);
SECURITY
Types of Security
5. Document Security - It is the protection of
documents, classified papers and vital records from loss,
access to unauthorized persons, damage and theft;
SECURITY
Types of Security
6. Operational Security – Involves the protection of processes,
formulas and patents, industrial and manufacturing activities from
espionage, infiltration, loss, compromise or photocopying;
SECURITY
Types of Security
8. Communication Security
- It is a safeguard resulting
from the application of
different measures which
prevent or delay the enemy or
unauthorized person in
gaining information through
communication including
transmission, cryptographic,
and physical security.
MAJOR AREAS OF SECURITY
MAJOR AREAS OF SECURITY
Three (3) Major Areas of Security
1. Physical Security - Physical Security is the branch of
security that is concerned with measures implemented to
prevent unauthorized access to facilities, equipment,
materials, documents and personnel

2. Personnel Security - Personnel Security concerns

itself in ensuring that the hiring and employment of
personnel is suited to assist the company in achieving its
objectives. It begins even before the hiring of an employee
and is maintained for as long as the person is employed.
MAJOR AREAS OF SECURITY
Three (3) Major Areas of Security
3. Document and Information Security - Document and
Information Security relates to the protection of vital
secrets from competitors, and it has become progressively
more crucial in this age of highly advanced technology.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Physical Security
- Physical Security is the branch of
security which is related to
measures adopted to prevent
unauthorized access to equipment,
facilities, materials, documents and
personnel;

- In other words, it can be defined as

a system of barriers placed between
the potential intruder and the
matters to be protected.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Factors that bring unsecure condition:
1. Threat
- An indication of impending
danger or harm;
- positive inimical acts
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Factors that bring unsecure condition:
2. Hazard
- A chance of being injured or
harmed;
- passive inimical acts
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Factors that bring unsecure condition:
3. Vulnerability
- inability to withstand the
effects of a hostile
environment
- measure of how open an
establishment to intrusion,
attack or injury
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Factors that bring unsecure condition:
4. Risk
- is the potential that a chosen
action or activity (including
the choice of inaction) will
lead to a loss (an
undesirable outcome);
- probability of an event to
happen that will lead to loss.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Security Hazard
- An act or condition which results in a situation
conducive to a breach of the protection system and the
subsequent loss or compromise, or damage to
personnel, property or facilities.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Kinds of Hazards
1. Man-Made Hazards

- acts or conditions
affecting the safety of
operation of the facility
caused by human action,
accidental or intentional.
It includes sabotage,
espionage, pilferage and
theft.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Kinds of Hazards
2. Natural Hazard
- caused by natural
phenomena which cause
damage, disturbance and
problems of normal
functioning activities,
including security. It
includes floods, lightning,
storms and volcanic
eruptions.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Three Lines Of Physical Defense
1. First Line of Defense

- Perimeter fences/barriers
- Guards at the gate

● Perimeter barrier/fences - a
medium or structure which
defines the physical limits
of an installation or area to
restrict or impede access
thereto.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Three Lines Of Physical Defense
2. Second Line of Defense

- Doors, Floors, walls, roofs

- Windows – below 18 feet
must be installed by grill.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Three Lines Of Physical Defense
3. Third Line of Defense

- Cabinets, locks, safes,

vaults, interior file rooms
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Barrier
- can be defined as any
structure or physical device
capable of restricting,
deterring, delaying, illegal
access to an installation.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:
1. Natural Barrier - include mountains, rivers, seas,
deserts or terrain difficult to traverse. To be fully effective,
these barriers must be under surveillance of guards.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:
2. Structural/Man-Made Barrier - structural constructions
made by man like fences, walls, floors, roofs, grill or other
physical means to deter or impede penetration.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:
3. Human Barrier - Security
guards and employees of the
establishment.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:
4. Animal Barrier - animals are
used in partially providing a
guarding system like dogs and
geese.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:

German
Shepherd
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:

Belgian
Malinois
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:

Bloodhound
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:

Doberman
Pinscher
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:

Golden
Retriever
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:

Chihuahua
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:

Askal or
Aspin
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Physical Barrier:
5. Energy Barrier - It is the
employment of mechanical,
electrical, electronic energy that
imposes a deterrent to entry by the
potential intruder.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Perimeter Barrier
- a medium or structure which
defines the physical limits of an
installation or area to restrict or
impede access thereto. The
major purpose of the use of
perimeter as barrier is to deny
access or exit of unauthorized
persons.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Perimeter Barrier
1. Solid Fence - Constructed in
such a way that visual access
through the fence is denied. Its
advantage is that it denies the
opportunity for the intruder to
become familiar with the
personnel, activities and the
scheduled movements of the
security personnel.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Perimeter Barrier
2. Full view fence - It is constructed in such a way that
visuals access is permitted through the fence.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Perimeter Barrier
Types of Full View Fence:

a. Chain link fence

- Should be constructed
minimum height of 7 feet
excluding top guard;
- 9 gauges or heavier;
- Mesh openings of not
larger 2 inches per side;
- Twisted;
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Perimeter Barrier
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Perimeter Barrier
b. Barbed Wire Fence - is a type of fencing wire
constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at
intervals along the strand(s). It is used to construct
inexpensive fences.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Perimeter Barrier
c. Concertina Wire or Dannert Wire - is a type of
barbed wire or razor wire that is formed in large coils
which can be expanded like a concertina. Opened
concertina wire is 50 feet long and 3 feet diameter.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Types of Perimeter Barrier
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Additional Protective Barriers
1. Top Guard - an additional
overhang or barbed wire placed on
vertical perimeter fences facing
upward and outward with a 45
degree angle with three to four
strands of barbed wire space six
inches apart. This will increase the
protective height and prevent easy
access.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Additional Protective Barriers
2. Entry Stations - provided at
main perimeter entrances to
secure areas located out of the
doors, and manned by guards on a
full time basis.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Additional Protective Barriers
3. Towers - a house like
structures above the perimeter
barrier. Height of the tower
increases the range of observation
during day and night with artificial
illumination.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Additional Protective Barriers
4. Clear Zones - unobstructed area maintained on both
sides of the perimeter barrier. It affords better observation
and patrol movement. It should be cleared of anything that
may provide concealment or assistance to a person
seeking an authorized entry.

★ 50 feet or more (Inside) between the perimeter

barrier and structure within the protected areas. .
★ 20 feet or more (Outside) between the perimeter
barrier and exterior structure.
 Interior Exterior
Clear zone Clear zone
of 50 feet of 20 feet
or more or more
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Additional Protective Barriers
● Protection In Depth
- In large open areas or ground, where fencing or
walling is impracticable and expensive, warning
signs should be conspicuously placed. The depth
itself is protection.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
Additional Protective Barriers
● Signs and Notices
- are signs which indicate a potential hazard,
danger, obstacle, or condition requiring special
attention.
SECURITY
LIGHTING
SECURITY LIGHTING
Security Lighting
- provides sufficient illumination to areas during hours of
darkness.
SECURITY LIGHTING
Types of Security Lighting:
1. Stationary Luminary -
most common type consisting of a
fixed series of luminaries. It is
commonly used on entry gates of
employees and vehicles.
SECURITY LIGHTING
Types of Security Lighting:
2. Standby Lighting - similar
to continuous lighting but can be
turned on manually or by special
device or other automatic means,
when there is a suspicion of entry.
SECURITY LIGHTING
Types of Security Lighting:
3. Emergency Lighting - stand by lighting which can be
utilized in the event of electrical failure.
SECURITY LIGHTING
Types of Lighting Equipment
1. Floodlights - project light
in a concentrated beam. Best used
in boundaries, buildings or fences.
It is also known as reflectorized or
spotlight.
SECURITY LIGHTING
Types of Lighting Equipment
2. Searchlight - Highly focused
incandescent lamps.
SECURITY LIGHTING
Types of Lighting Equipment
3. Fresnel lights - Wide beam
unit, primarily to extend the
illumination in long horizontal
strips. It projects a narrow
horizontal beam which is
approximately 180 degrees in the
vertical plane.
SECURITY LIGHTING
Types of Lighting Equipment
4. Street lights - Produced diffused light rather than
direction beam. They are widely used in parking areas.
PROTECTIVE
ALARMS
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Protective Alarms
- is an aural or visual signal
given by the annunciator to the
security when intruders actuate
certain devices in a protected
area.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Three Basic Parts of Alarm System
1. Sensors or Trigger device – device that can sense an
abnormal condition within the system and provide a signal
indicating the presence or nature of the abnormality

2. Circuit or Transmission Line – It is the communication

channel that conveys the information from all sensors in the
system to the signal by means of wire, radio waves.

3. Annunciator/Enunciator – is a visual or audible

signaling device. The actual alarm may be audible or silent, a
bell, buzzer, phone ringing, or flashing of light.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Fire Alarm
- Any visual or audible signal
produced by a device or system
to warn the occupants of the
building or fire fighting
elements of the presence or
danger of fire to enable them to
undertake immediate action to
save life and property and to
suppress the fire.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Fire Alarm Devices
1. Smoke Detector – a device
placed at the ceilings of the floor
that detects smoke, typically as an
indicator of fire.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Fire Alarm Devices
2. Fire Bell - a hollow device
made of metal that makes a
ringing sound.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Automatic Sprinkler
- a type of built in sprinklers
which works by the increase
of room temperature and
which automatically operates
the system to put out the fire.
These sprinklers will go into
action once a fire starts, and
those that will open are those
that are directly above the fire
and water is delivered where
it is needed.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Standpipes
- G.I. steel or plastic pipes
located inside the building from
the lowest to the top floor with
water under pressure for use in
case of fire. Located near the
standpipe is a fire hose usually
enclosed in a glass box.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Fire Hydrant
- It is a mechanical device
strategically located in an
installation or in a street where
a fire hose will be connected so
that the water will be available
to extinguish a fire.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Fire Extinguisher
- is a fire fighting equipment
which can be a fire fighting
equipment
which can be
portable or in
a cart that is
used to put
out fire.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
How to Operate Fire Extinguisher
If you need to use a fire
extinguisher, remember the word
TPASS:

● Twist
● Pull
● Aim
● Squeeze
● Sway/Sweep
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
How to Operate Fire Extinguisher
● TWIST the pin - Fire
extinguishers often have a
pin, latch, or puncture lever
that you need to release
first.

● PULL the pin

PROTECTIVE ALARMS
How to Operate Fire Extinguisher
● AIM low - Aim the nozzle or
hose of the extinguisher at
the base of the fire.

● SQUEEZE the handle - This

releases the extinguishing
agent.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
How to Operate Fire Extinguisher
● SWEEP from side to side -
Move in close, and sweep
across the base of the fire.
Watch for a re-flash of the
fire.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Classes of Fire:
1. CLASS A - involving ordinary
combustible materials such as
wood, cloth, and paper, requires
an extinguishing agent which
cools.

★ Water or multi-purpose dry

chemicals can be used.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Classes of Fire:
2. CLASS B - fires involving
flammable and combustible liquid,
such as solvents, greases,
gasoline, and lubricating oil,
require an extinguisher which
removes oxygen or cuts the chain
reaction.

★ Foam, carbon dioxide, and

dry chemicals are effective.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Classes of Fire:
3. CLASS C - fires involve
energized electrical equipment
(live electrical wires, electrical
appliances).

★ A non-conducting extinguis-
hing agent such as carbon
dioxide or multi-purpose dry
chemical must be used.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Classes of Fire:
4. CLASS D - the result of
the combustion of certain
materials in finely divided forms.
These metals can be magnesium,
potassium, powdered aluminum
and zinc.

★ A special powder (MET-L-X) is

used to extinguish these fires.
It is composed of Graphite,
Copper, and Sodium Chloride)
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Classes of Fire:
5. CLASS E - fires involving
flammable gasses (Ex. LPG,
Methane)

★ Water or multi-purpose dry

chemicals can be used.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Types of Bank Alarm
1. Foot rail Activator – They are placed on the floor in
such a position that tellers may activate the alarm by
placing the front of their foot to foot rail to activate the
alarm.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Types of Bank Alarm
2. Knee or Thigh Buttons – It is
installed inside the teller station so
that they can be activated by knee
or thigh pressure.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Types of Bank Alarm
3. Foot Botton – Like the foot
rail, it permits alarm activation in
relative safety, while both hands
remain clear in view of the
robbers.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
Types of Bank Alarm
4. Double Squeeze Button – It
requires pressure on both sides of
the device , thus the probability of
accidental alarm is reduced.
PROTECTIVE
LOCKS
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
Lock
- defined as a mechanical,
electrical, hydraulic or
electronic device designed to
prevent entry to a building or
room.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
Padlock
- a portable and detachable lock
having a pivoted or sliding
hasp which possesses through
a staple ring, or the like and is
made fast or secured.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
General Groups of Locks
1. Warded Lock - is a type of
lock that uses a set of
obstructions, or wards, to prevent
the lock from opening unless the
correct key is inserted. The correct
key has notches or slots
corresponding to the obstructions
in the lock, allowing it to rotate
freely inside the lock.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
General Groups of Locks
2. Pin Tumbler Lock – is a lock mechanism that uses
pins of varying lengths to prevent the lock from opening
without the correct key.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
General Groups of Locks
3. Lever Tumbler Lock – lock used in a safe deposit box
and is for all purposes. It is also used in desk, lockers and
cabinets and are generally less secure than pin tumbler lock.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
General Groups of Locks
4. Disc Tumbler Lock – is a lock composed of slotted
rotating detainer discs. A specially cut key rotates these
discs like the tumblers of a safe to align the slots, allowing
the sidebar to drop into the slots, thus opening the lock .
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
General Groups of Locks
★ Disc tumbler lock is commonly designed for the
automobile industry and general use in car doors.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
Type of Locks
1. Key-Operated Lock – It uses some sort of
arrangement of internal physical barriers which prevent
the lock from operating unless they are properly aligned.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
Type of Locks
2. Combination Lock – a lock
that requires manipulation of parts
according to a predetermined
combination code of numbers.
Most of this lock has three dials
but some locks have four dials for
greater security.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
Type of Locks
3. Card Operated Lock/Coded
Lock – type of lock that can be
opened by inserting a coded card
in a slot in the lock, or by pushing
the correct button on the surface
of the lock.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
Type of Locks
4. Electronic Lock – type of lock
that can be closed and opened
remotely by electronic means.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
Key Control
- defined as the management of keys in a plant or
business organization to prevent unauthorized
individual access to the keys.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
Key Control
● Change Key – a key to a single lock;

● Sub-Master Key – a key that can open all locks within a

particular area or grouping;

● Master Key – a special key capable of opening a series

of locks. It is capable of opening less number of locks
than grand master key;

● Grand Master Key – a key that can open everything in a

system involving two or more master key groups.
PROTECTIVE LOCKS
Key Control
● Peterman – A term used in
England for lock picker,
safecrackers, and penetrators
of restricted areas or rooms.

● False Key – Genuine key stolen

from the owner
PROTECTIVE
CABINETS
PROTECTIVE CABINETS
1. Safe
- metallic container used for the
safekeeping of documents or
small items in an office or
installation. It can be classified
as both robbery and burglary
resistance depending upon the
use and need.
PROTECTIVE CABINETS
2. Vault
- heavily constructed fire and
burglar resistance container
usually part of the building
structure used to keep and
protect cash, documents and
negotiable instruments. It is
bigger than safe but smaller
than a File Room.
PROTECTIVE CABINETS
3. File Room
- A cubicle in a building
constructed to be little lighter
than a vault but bigger in size. It
can accommodate limited
people to work on the records
inside
PROTECTIVE CABINETS
Some Test for Fire Resistance
1. Fire Endurance Test – also known as “fire resistance
test”, which subjects a specimen to a prescribed fire (usually
at temperature 350 F) until certain conditions are met that
indicate the end of the endurance test.

2. Explain Hazard Test – test to determine if the safe can

withstand 2000 F for 30 minutes without cracking or opening;

3. Fire and Impact test – Its objective is to determine the

strength of a safe to resist the collapse of a building during
fire.
HUMAN
BARRIER
HUMAN BARRIER
Security guard
- is any natural person who
offers or renders personal
service to watch or guard
residential or business
premises or both, government
and/or their premises for hire
and compensation.
HUMAN BARRIER
Private security agency and Private detective agency
Who may organize and maintain Private Security
Agency and Private Detective Agency?

- Any Filipino citizen or corporation, association,

partnership, one hundred percent of which is owned
and controlled by Filipino citizens.
HUMAN BARRIER
Organization and Administration of Security Guard Force
★ Republic Act 5487, as amended

- known as “The Private Security Agency Law”;

- approved on June 13, 1969.
HUMAN BARRIER
PNP SOSIA
- Philippine National Police
Supervisory Office for Security
Investigation Agency – office
under the Civil Security Group
which is charged with the
supervision, direction and
control of all security agencies
in the Republic.
HUMAN BARRIER
Requirement of an Operator / Manager of Security Agency
1. Filipino citizen;

2. Not be less than twenty five (25) years of age;

3. College graduate and/or a commissioned officer in

the inactive service or retired from the AFP or PNP;

4. Has taken a course/seminar on Industrial Security

Management and/or must have adequate training or
experience in security business,
HUMAN BARRIER
Requirement of an Operator / Manager of Security Agency
5. Good moral character;

6. Having no previous record of conviction of crime or

offense involving moral turpitude.
HUMAN BARRIER
Qualifications of Security Guard or Watchman:
1. Filipino citizen;

2. High School graduate;

3. Physically and mentally fit;

4. At least eighteen (18) years of age but not more than

fifty (50) years old;

5. Has undergone Pre-Licensing course or its equivalent.

HUMAN BARRIER
Qualifications for Security Officer:
1. Filipino citizen;

2. Holder of a Baccalaureate Degree;

3. Physically and mentally fit;

4. Has graduated from a Security Officer Training

Course or its equivalent
HUMAN BARRIER
Qualifications for Security Consultant:
1. Filipino citizen;

2. Holder of a Baccalaureate Degree;

3. Holder of Masters degree either in Criminology,

Public Administration, MNSA, Industrial Security
Administration, or Law

4. Must have at least ten (10) years experience in the

operation and management of security business.
HUMAN BARRIER
Private Detective
- Any person who does detective
work for hire, reward or
commission, other than
members of the AFP, BJMP,
PNP or any other law
enforcement agencies.
HUMAN BARRIER
Qualifications for Private Detective:
1. Filipino citizen;

2. Holder of a Baccalaureate Degree;

3. Holder of baccalaureate degree, preferably Bachelor of Laws

or Bachelor of Science in Criminology;

4. Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course offered by the

PNP or NBI or any police training school, or a detective training in
any authorized/recognized training center;

5. Advance ROTC/CMT graduate or its equivalent

HUMAN BARRIER
Disqualifications for Private Detective:
1. Having previous record of any conviction of any
crime;

2. Having previous record of any conviction of any

offense involving moral turpitude;

3 Having been dishonorably discharged or separated

from employment or service;
HUMAN BARRIER
Disqualifications for Private Detective:
4. Being a mental incompetent;

5. Being addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs,

6. Being a habitual drunkard; and

7. Dummy of a foreigner
HUMAN BARRIER
Functions of a Private Detective:
1. Background Investigation;

2. Locating missing person;

3. Conduct surveillance work;

4. Such other detective work may become the subject

matter of contract between the agency and its clients.
Except not contrary to law, public order, public policy
morale and good custom.
HUMAN BARRIER
Types of Security Guard Force
1. Company Guard Force – security force maintained
and operated by any private company/corporation utilizing
any of its employees to watch, secure and guard its
establishment.

2. Security Agency service – security guard belonging to

privately licensed agency (contractual basis);

3. Government Guard Forces – security unit maintained

and operated by any government entity other than military or
police.
HUMAN BARRIER
Types of Security Guard Force
★ Validity of Security Guard License – Three (3) years
HUMAN BARRIER
Securing a Regular License To Operate:
How many Security Personnel are needed to be
maintained to secure regular License To Operate?

1. Private Security Agency – minimum of two

hundred (200) licensed private security personnel and a
maximum of one thousand (1,000);

2. Company Guard Force/Private Detective Agency –

minimum of thirty (30) and a maximum of One thousand
(1,000)
HUMAN BARRIER
Duty Detail Order (DDO)
- is a written order/schedule issued by a superior officer
usually the private security agency/branch manager or
operations officer assigning the performance of private
security/detective services duties;

- DDO for the purpose of post duties not requiring

transport of firearms outside of the physical compound
or property of a client or client establishment shall be
issued for not more than a thirty (30) days duration
HUMAN BARRIER
Classification of Training And Its Duration
1. Basic Security Guard Course (Pre-Licensing Course)
– 150 hours;

1. Re-Training Course – 48 hours;

1. Security Officers Training Course – 300 hours

1. Basic Security Supervisory Course – 48 hours

HUMAN BARRIER
License and Fees
- New applicants to operate shall be required to obtain
a minimum capitalization of P1 Million with minimum
bank deposit of P500,000.00 in order to start its
business operation;

- All Private Security Agencies must be registered at

the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC).
HUMAN BARRIER
Surety Bond
● Agency with 1 -199 guards – P50,000.00

● Agency with 200-499 guards – P100,000.00

● Agency with 500-799 guards – P150,000.00

● Agency with 800-1000 guards – P200,000.00

➔ NOTE: This bond shall answer for any valid and

legal claims against the agency filed by an
aggrieved party.
HUMAN BARRIER
Approval, Cancellation, Suspension of LTO
● Chief PNP

○ Approval of New Regular LTO;

○ Cancellation of Regular LTO;
○ Reinstatement of Regular LTO;
○ Suspension of Regular LTO
HUMAN BARRIER
Approval, Cancellation, Suspension of LTO
● Director Civil Security Group

○ Renewal of Regular LTO

○ Approval of Temporary LTO
○ Reversion of Regular to Temporary LTO
○ Cancellation of Temporary LTO
○ Suspension of Temporary LTO
HUMAN BARRIER
Possession of Firearms
1. One (1) firearm for every two (2) security guards;

2. Private security agency/private detective agency/

company security force/government security force shall
not be allowed to possess firearms in excess of five
hundred (500) units.

3. Shotguns not higher than 12 gauge;

HUMAN BARRIER
Possession of Firearms
4. Weapons with bores not bigger than cal .22 to
include pistols and revolvers with bores bigger than cal
.38l

➔ Exemptions: in areas where there is an upsurge

of lawlessness and criminality as determined by
the Chief PNP, Regional Office or their authorized
representative, they may be allowed to acquire,
possess and use high powered firearms.
HUMAN BARRIER
Possession of Firearms
● Private Security Agency with Temporary License to
Operate – for one hundred guards, an initial of at
least thirty licensed firearms;

● For with Regular License to Operate - for 200

hundred security guards, at least 70 pieces of
licensed firearms.
HUMAN BARRIER
Limitation in the Carrying of Firearms
1. No firearm shall be borne nor be in the possession of
any private security personnel except when in actual
performance of duty, in the prescribed uniform, in the
place and time so specified in the Duty Detail Order (DDO);

2. Shall be carried only within the compound of the

establishment where he is assigned to guard;
HUMAN BARRIER
Limitation in the Carrying of Firearms
3. While escorting big amount of cash or valuable
outside of its jurisdiction or area of operation, private
security agency shall issue an appropriate Duty Detail
Order to the security personnel concerned.
HUMAN BARRIER
Ranks, Positions, Staffing Pattern and Job Description
1. Security Management Staff

1.1 Security Director (SD) – Agency Manager/Chief

Security Officer – responsible for the entire operation
and administration/management of the security agency.

1.2 Security Executive Director (SED) – Assistant

Agency Manager/Asst. Chief Security Officer – Assist
the Security Director
HUMAN BARRIER
Ranks, Positions, Staffing Pattern and Job Description
1.3 Security Staff Director (SSD) – Staff Director for
Operation and Staff Director for Administration

● The Staff Director for operation – assistant of the

security manager for the efficient operation of the
agency;

● The Staff Director for Administration – is the staff

assistant of the agency manager for the effective
and efficient administration and management of the
agency.
HUMAN BARRIER
Ranks, Positions, Staffing Pattern and Job Description
1.4 Security Staff Director for Training – Staff in
charge for Training – responsible for the training of the
Agency’s security personnel
HUMAN BARRIER
Ranks, Positions, Staffing Pattern and Job Description
2. Line Leadership Staff
2.1 Security Supervisor 3 – Detachment Commander –
is the field or area commander of the agency;

2.2 Security Supervisor 2 – Chief Inspector –

responsible for inspecting the entire area covered by the
detachment;

2.3 Security Supervisor 1 – Inspector – responsible for

the area assigned by the Chief Inspector or the
Detachment Commander.
HUMAN BARRIER
Ranks, Positions, Staffing Pattern and Job Description
3. Security guard
3.1 Security Guard 1 – Watchman/guard – the one
actually posted as watchman and or guard

3.2 Security Guard 2 – Shift-in-charge – responsible for

the security officers who are scheduled in a certain shift
for a particular period

3.3 Security Guard 3 – Post-in-charge – responsible for

the entire detailed security office within a certain
establishment.
HUMAN BARRIER
Essential Qualities of Security Guard
1. Alertness – being watchful in
spotting violator, a person, a
vehicle or an incident;
HUMAN BARRIER
Essential Qualities of Security Guard
2. Judgment – sound and good
judgment to arrive at wise and
timely decisions;
HUMAN BARRIER
Essential Qualities of Security Guard
3. Confidence – faith in oneself
and his abilities;
HUMAN BARRIER
Essential Qualities of Security Guard
5. Physical Fitness – always in
a condition to render effective
service even under the most
strenuous conditions;
HUMAN BARRIER
Essential Qualities of Security Guard
6. Tactfulness – ability to deal
with others successfully without
offending;
HUMAN BARRIER
Essential Qualities of Security Guard
7. Self Control – ability to take
hold of oneself regardless of a
provoking situation.
HUMAN BARRIER
Power and Duties of Security Guard
1. Territorial Power – A security guard shall watch and
secure the property of the person, firm or establishment
with whom he or his agency has a contract for security
services. Such services shall not extend beyond the
property or compound of said person, firm or
establishment except when required by the latter in
accordance with the terms of their contract, or in hot
pursuit of criminal offenders.
HUMAN BARRIER
Power and Duties of Security Guard
2. Arrest by Security Guard – A security guard or
private detective is not a police officer and is not,
therefore, clothed with police authority. However, he may
arrest a person under the circumstances mentioned in
Section 5, Rule 113, Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure.
HUMAN BARRIER
Power and Duties of Security Guard
3. Search without Warrant – Any security guard may,
incident to the arrest, search the person so arrested in the
presence of at least two (2) witnesses. He may search
employees of the firm or establishment with which he or
his agency has a contract, when such search is required
by the very nature of the business of the person, firm or
establishment.
HUMAN BARRIER
Eleven General Orders of a Security Guard: (11-G.O.)
1. To take charge of this post and all company properties in
view and to protect/preserve the same with utmost diligence;

2. To walk in an alert manner during my tour of duty, keeping

always on the alert and observing everything that takes place
within sight or hearing;

3. To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce;

4. To relay all calls from posts more distant from the guard
house than my own;
HUMAN BARRIER
Eleven General Orders of a Security Guard:
5. To quit my post only when properly relieved;

6. To receive, obey, and pass on to the relieving me all

orders from company officers or officials, supervisors,
post-in-charge or shift leaders;

7. To talk to no one except in line of duty;

8. To give the alarm in the case of fire or disorder;

HUMAN BARRIER
Eleven General Orders of a Security Guard:
9. To call the superior officer in any case not covered by
instructions;

10. To salute all company officials, superiors in the

agency, ranking public officials and officers of the Philippine
National Police; and

11. To be especially watchful at night and during the time

for challenging, to challenge all persons on or near my post,
and to allow no one to pass or loiter without proper authority.
PERSONNEL SECURITY
PERSONNEL SECURITY
Personnel Security
- refers to the procedure followed, inquiries conducted,
and criteria applied to determine the work suitability of
a particular applicant or the retention of a particular
employee.
PERSONNEL SECURITY
Personnel Security Investigation (PSI)
- It is an inquiry into the character, reputation, discretion,
integrity, morals, and loyalty of an individual in order to
determine a person’s suitability for appointment or
access to classified matter.

Types of PSI:
1. National Agency Check (NAC);
2. Local Agency Check (LAC)
PERSONNEL SECURITY
Types of PSI:
1. National Agency Check (NAC) – It consists of
Local Agency Check supplemented by investigation of the
records and files of the following agencies: PNP, ISAFP,
NBI, CSC, Bureau of Immigration and other agencies;

2. Local Agency Check (LAC) – Refers to the

investigation of the records and files of agency in the area
of principal residence of the individual being investigated
like clearances from Mayor, Police, Prosecutor and Courts.
PERSONNEL SECURITY
Background Investigation (BI)
- It is an inquiry which aims to verify applicant’s
information written at the applicants form, to ascertain
his/her past employment experiences and to obtain
other information pertinent to the decision to employ;

- A check made on an individual usually seeking

employment through subjects records in the police,
educational institutions, place of residence, and former
employers.
PERSONNEL SECURITY
Kinds of Background Investigation:
1. Complete background Investigation (CBI) – a type
of BI which is more comprehensive, particularly all the
circumstances of his personal life.

2. Partial Background Investigation (PBI) – Investigation

of the background of the individual but limited only to
some circumstances of his personal life.
 DOCUMENT AND
INFORMATION SECURITY
DOCUMENT SECURITY
Document and Information Security
- Security involving the protection of documents and
information from loss, access by unauthorized persons;

- prescribes the policies and establishes the standard

basic procedures governing the classification and
security of official matters.
DOCUMENT SECURITY
Relevant Terms:
Classify - refers to the act of assigning to information or
material one of the four security classification categories
after determination has been made that the information
requires the security protection as provided for in the
regulation;

Security Clearance - Is an administrative determination

that an individual is eligible from a security standpoint for
access to classified matter of a specific category;
DOCUMENT SECURITY
Relevant Terms:
Compartmentation - Refers to the grant of access to
classified matter only to properly cleared persons when
such classified information is required in the performance
of their official duties, and restricting it to specific physical
confine when feasible.

Need to Know - term given to the requirement that the

dissemination of classified matters be limited strictly to
those persons whose official duties require knowledge
thereof.
DOCUMENT SECURITY
Security of Classified Matters:
Classification of Documents
- Memorandum Circular No. 196, dated 07/19/1968
(Security of Classified Matter in government offices.)

1. Top Secret – any information and material, the

unauthorized disclosure of which would cause
exceptionally grave damage to the nation, politically,
economically or militarily;
DOCUMENT SECURITY
Security of Classified Matters:
2. Secret – any information and material, the
unauthorized disclosure of which would endanger
national security, cause serious injury to the interest or
prestige of the nation or any governmental activity.

3. Confidential – any information and materials, the

unauthorized disclosure of which would be prejudicial
to the interest or prestige of the nation or governmental
activity or would cause administrative embarrassment
or unwarranted injury.
DOCUMENT SECURITY
Security of Classified Matters:
4. Restricted – any information and material which
requires special protection other than those determined
to be Confidential, Secret, and Top Secret matters.
DOCUMENT SECURITY
Types of Documents
1. Class I - Vital Document – This is an irreplaceable
records, reproduction of which does not have the same
value as the original;

2. Class II - Important Document – This is a record,

reproduction of which causes considerable expense and
labor, or considerable delay.
DOCUMENT SECURITY
Types of Documents
3. Class III - Useful Document – This is a record, the
loss of which may cause inconvenience but could be
readily replaced and may not present insurmountable
obstacle to the prompt restoration of the business;

4. Class IV - Non essential Document – This record may

include daily files, routine in nature, lost of which will not
affect the organization.
DOCUMENT SECURITY
Information Cycle
1. The Creation – Information is discovered and develop;

1. Used – Some action is taken with the information;

1. Storage and Retrieval – Stored for future use;

1. Transfer – transferring of information from active to

inactive use;

1. Disposition – decision may be made to retain the

information indefinitely.
DOCUMENT SECURITY
Destruction of Document:
1. Burning the document
DOCUMENT SECURITY
Destruction of Document:
2. Shredding the
document
 OTHER
IMPORTANT
MATTERS
OTHER MATTERS
Security Survey
- A fact finding probe to determine a plant’s adequacy in
all aspects of security, with the corresponding
recommendations;

- Refers to checklist, audits, or inventories of security

conditions;

- Security Surveys are often called “Risk Analysis

Surveys” or “Risk Assessment Surveys”
OTHER MATTERS
Security Inspection
- It is the process of conducting physical examination to
determine compliance with establishment security
policies and procedures as a result of a security survey.

Security Education
- It is defined as the exposure and teaching of employees
on security and its relevance to their work. Security
education is conducted to develop security awareness
among employees of the company. It should cover all
employees, regardless of rank or position.
OTHER MATTERS
Protective Custody
- state or quality of being secured or freed from danger. It
may also include the various means or devices
designed to guard a person and property against a
broad range of security hazards.
OTHER MATTERS
Threat Assessment
- the process of investigation/validating the truthfulness
of the existence of threat to an individual.

Duress Code
- state or quality of being secured or freed from danger. It
may also include the various means or devices
designed to guard a person and property against a
broad range of security hazards.
OTHER MATTERS
Relative Criticality
- the importance of an establishment with reference to
the national economy and security.

Relative Vulnerability
- the susceptibility of a plant or establishment to damage,
loss, or destruction of operation due to various
hazards.
OTHER MATTERS
★ RA 11917
- will be known as “The Private Security Services
Industry Act”;

- is set to repeal RA 5487 once fully implemented;

- lapsed into law on July 30, 2022;

Thank you
and
Good Luck!