“INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT “

PART 1
BRIEF HISTORY OF SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
o Private security business in the Philippines began on March 1, 1933 when the
City Council of Manila passed City Ordinance No. 2162 granting license and
recognition to the “SPECIAL WATCHMAN AGENCY” owned by the brothers
JUAN AND PEDRO JIMENEZ. The agency will later be renamed “JIMENEZ
SECURITY AGENCY”.
o During the outset of the Second World War (WW II), private security business
were hampered and eventually ceased during the Japanese Occupation of
the Philippines;
o After the end of WW II law enforcement agencies such as the NBI and Police
found their resources inadequate to cope with rising criminality throughout the
country;
o Private security agencies stepped in to fill the gap of securing private
individuals, their estates and industries in the near incapability of law
enforcement at the time in providing adequate protection for their various
private interests;
o Due to the absence of proper legislation in monitoring and accounting the
actions of private security agencies, a period of unregulated growth prevail for
many years;
o On 30 May 1958, the Philippine Association of Detective and Protective
Agency Operators (PADPAO) was formally organized with the objective of
petitioning congress to formally enact legislation that will regulated the private
security agencies throughout the country;
o Congress eventually passed Republic Act No. 5487 regulating private security
agency services;
o On 1 June 1969, Republic Act No, 5487 was passed directing the Chief of the
Philippine Constabulary (PC) to create a unit with the specific purpose of
monitoring and regulating private security businesses;
o On 4 August 1969, the PC activated the Security and Investigation
Supervisory Office (SIASO);
o The SIASO was later renamed Philippine Constabulary Supervisory Unit for
Security and Investigation Agencies (PCSUSIA);
o Upon the integration of the PC and the INP it was renamed as the PC/INP
SOSIA;
o On 3 October 1972 Presidential Decree (PD) No. 11 of former President
Ferdinand Marcos was passed in order to encompass and defined all forms of
contracted private security services within the entire Philippine Archipelago;
o On 17 January 1973, PD No. 100 was passed in order to include government
employed security personnel securing government installations and buildings
o With the abolition of the PC/INP and the creation of the Philippine National
Police, the PC/INP SUSIA was renamed the Security Agencies and Guards
Supervision Division or SAGSD under the PNP – Civil Security Group;
o Recently, the unit had been renamed back to the PNP SOSIA.

PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY IN THE PHILIPPINES TODAY

 o A continuing growth industry generating not less than P22 Billion pesos per
year in salaries alone;
o With not less than 1,700 private security agencies operating nationwide with a
total manpower employment of 240,000 plus private security practitioners;
o A continuing contributing organization to the country’s peace and order
program.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Security:
a. The state or quality of being secure;
b. Protection against any type of crime to safeguard life, assets and operation by
the use of various methods and devices;
c. Freedom from fear and danger; assurance; certainty
d. Defense against crime
o THREATS – positive inimical (harmful) acts.
o VULNERABILITY - measure of how open an establishment is to intrusion,
attack or injury from the outside.
o HAZARDS – positive inimical (harmful) conditions.
o RISK – The probability of occurrence of an event that will lead to loss. The risk
could be classified as virtually certain, highly improbable, improbable and
probability unknown.
o SECURITY SURVEY – is the critical, on site examination and analysis to
ascertain the security status, identify deficiencies or excesses, determine
protection needed and make recommendations; a fact-finding probe to
determine a plant’s adequacy and deficiency in all aspects of security, with the
consequent recommendations.

CONCEPT OF SECURITY
o It is the degree of protection to safeguard a nation, union of nations, persons or
person against danger, damage, loss and crime.
o A state or quality of being secure; freedom from fear and danger.
o An organization or department responsible for providing security by enforcing
laws, rules, and regulations as well as maintaining order.
o Security is a condition of resistance to any type of behavior that causes harm
or damage to a person or to property.
o It is a form of defense where a division is created among the assets and the
risk.
o The purpose of security is to release people from their apprehensions and
aversions and by that to give them feeling of safety

TYPES OF SECURITY
o PHYSICAL SECURITY - Thebroadest type of securitythat is concerned with
the physical measures designed to safeguard personnel and prevent
unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, materials, documents, and to
protect them from espionage, sabotage, damage or theft.
o COMMUNICATION SECURITY- The protection resulting from the application
of various measures which prevent or delay the enemy or unauthorized person
in gaining information through communication. This includes transmission,
cryptographic and physical security.
  TRANSMISSION SECURITY- a component of security, which results
from all measures designed to protect transmission from interceptions,
traffic analysis and imitative deception.
 CRYPTOGRAPHIC SECURITY- results from provisions of technically
sound crypto-systems and their proper use.
 PHYSICAL SECURITY- Providing of safeguards to equipment and
material from access by authorized person.
o PERSONNEL SECURITY- it involves the background checks of individual
commensurate with the security requirements.
o DOCUMENT SECURITY- Protection of documents, classified matters and vital
records from loss, access to unauthorized persons, damage, theft and
compromise through proper storage and procedures.
o INDUSTRIAL SECURITY- A form of physical security involving industrial
plants and businessenterprises. This involves the safeguarding of personnel,
processes, properties and operation.
o BANK SECURITY -Is the protection resulting from the application of various
measures which safeguards cash and assets which are in storage, in transit,
and or during transaction?
o HOTEL SECURITY - Is the protection resulting from the application of various
measures which safeguards hotel guests and their personal effects, hotel
properties and functions in hotel restaurant, bars and clubs.
o PERSONAL SECURITY - Involves the protection of top-ranking officials of the
government, visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries. Also
called VIP security.
o OPERATIONAL SECURITY - This involves the protection of processes,
formulas, and patents, industrial and manufacturing activities from espionage,
infiltration, loss, compromise or photocopying.
o AIR CARGO SECURITY- to minimize or to prevent loses of cargo during in
transit, storage, or transfer.
o SCHOOL SECURITY- Security involving not only facilities but also the
students or pupils.
o SUPERMARKET SECURITY - Security involving the facility, merchandise and
goods also to prevent shoplifting to proliferate in the establishment.

THREE LINES OF PHYSICAL DEFENSE

FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE - Perimeter fences/barriers, Guards at the gate.

SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE – Doors, floors, Windows (Less than 18 feet must be
grilled), or less than 14 feet from the trees, walls and roofs

THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE - steel cabinets, lacks, safes, Vaults, Interior file rooms.

DIFFERENT ASPECT OF SECURITY

PHYSICAL SECURITY
o Physical measuresare used to define, protect, and monitor property rights and
objects
 o They consist of barriers and devices that are able to detect, impede, and deter
potential security threats.
o It is the sum total of all physical safeguards employed or installed to secure the
assets.

OBJECTIVES:
o To protect the organization’s asset.
o To make access so difficult that an intruder will not dare attempt penetration.
o To further strengthen the premises from criminal attack by denying ready
access to interior premises in the event the exterior barriers are surmounted
by a determined intruder.

PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL SECURITY

o The type of access necessary will depend upon a number of variable factors
and may be achieved in a number of ways.
o There is no impenetrable barrier.
o Defense is depth - barrier after barrier
o Delay should be provided against surreptitious and non-surreptitious entry.
o Each installation is different.

PROTECTIVE BARRIERS
o BARRIER- Any structure or physical device capable of restriction, deterring or
delaying illegal access to an installation.
o PERIMETER BARRIER- A medium or structure which defines the physical
limits of an installation or area to restrict or impeded access thereto. Any
physical barrier used to supplement the protection of an inside or outside
perimeter.

OBJECTIVES OF PERIMETER BARRIER

o Outline the perimeter of the area to be secured;
o Great Physical and Psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry;
o Delay intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of intruders;
o Assist in more efficient and economical employment of guards and;
o Facilitate and improve the control of pedestrian and traffic.

TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIERS

o NATURAL BARRIER - geographical features, such as rivers, lakes
o STRUCTURAL BARRIER - man-made constructions, such as fences and
walls
o HUMAN BARRIER - security guards and employees of the establishment
o ANIMAL BARRIER – Animals are used in partially providing a guarding
system like dogs and geese.
o ENERGY BARRIER – It is the employment of mechanical, electrical,
electronic energy imposes a deterrent to entry by the potential intruder.

TYPES OF PERIMETER BARRIER

o SOLID FENCE -This is a kind of fence that is constructed in such a way that
visual access through the fence is denied from the intruders.
o FULL VIEW FENCE - This is a kind of fence that provides visual access
through the fence.