Introduction to Security Concept Lecture no.

DEFINITION OF SECURITY

- Generally, the meaning of security is a kind of state where people, institution, authority or groups feel fully
secured of feeling, free from any threat or vulnerability from somewhere or someone in his/her life, liberty,
property or activity. It could be in physical, psychological, social or economical form.

-It is a state or quality of being secured, freedom from fear or danger, assurance, certainty.

-It is the degree of protection against danger, loss, and criminals.

- Protection against any type of crime to safeguard life and assets by various methods and device.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SECURITY

1. Command Responsibility
-Cannot be delegated but the security tasks can be assigned.
2. Compartmentation
-Need to know basis
3. Balance between security and efficiency
-Security prevails over efficiency
4. General principles of security remain constant
-Specific measures to suit operations
5. Security is the concern of all personnel
-Regardless of rank, position, designation

TYPES OF SECURITY MEASURES FOR AN EFFECTIVE DEFENSE AGAINST CRIMES:

1.ACTIVE MEASURES – these involve the installation of physical barriers, security lighting, use of vaults,
locks and others.

2.PASSIVE MEASURES – those that will deter man from committing such act of fear of being caught, charge
in court or get dismissed, such as: security education, programs, investigations, seminars, personnel security
check.

Brief History of Security in the Philippines

- The private security business began on March 11, 1933, when the first formally licensed private security
agency “Special Watchman Agency” started operations;

- Later it renamed “Jimenez Security Agency”, founded by brothers Juan and Pedro Jimenez;

- On May 30 1958, the Philippine Association of Detectives and Protective Agency Operations (PADPAO) was
formally organized;

-RA 5487 was passed on June 13, 1969 through the continuous lobbying of the incorporators and officers of
PADPAO, which set the standards and minimum requirements for the operations of security agencies.

- P.D. 11 was passed on October 3, 1972, widening the coverage of RA 5487 to include security guards
employed in logging concessions, agricultural, mining and pasture lands;

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- P.D. 100 was issued on January 17, 1973, broadening the coverage of the security industry to include
employees of the national or local government or any agency who are employed to watch or secure
government building and properties.

- On August 1969, the Philippine Constabulary activated the Security and Investigation Supervisory office or
SIASO to supervise and control the organization and operation of private security and detective agencies
nationwide;

- Later it was renamed Philippine Constabulary Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies or
PCSUSIA.

- With the passage of RA 6975, this unit was absorbed by the Philippine National Police;

-Later it was made into a division of the PNP Civil Security Group and was renamed Security Agencies and
Guard Supervision Division (SAGSD);

- It was renamed to PNP Supervisory Office for Security Investigation Agency (SOSIA).

THREE MAJOR AREAS OF SECURITY

1. Physical Security
2. Personnel Security
3. Document and Information Security

TYPES OF SECURITY

1. PHYSICAL SECURITY
A system of barriers placed between the potential intruder and the objects/matter to be protected. It is
the broadest branch of security, which is concerned with physical measures adopted to prevent unauthorized
access to equipment, facilities, materials and documents and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage,
damage and theft.

OBJECTIVES:
a. To protect the organization’s asset;
b. To make access so difficult that an intruder will not dare attempt penetration.

CONCEPTS:
a. Enemy agents will always seek access;
b. Surreptitious entry is the greatest hazard to security;
c. There are no impenetrable barriers;
d. Each installation is different.

FACTORS THAT BRING INSECURE CONDITION:

1. Threat
– An indication of impending danger or harm;
- positive inimical acts
2. Hazard
– A chance of being injured or harmed;
-passive inimical acts
3. Vulnerability
– inability to withstand the effects of a hostile environment
-measure of how open an establishment to intrusion, attack or injury

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4. Risk
– is the potential that a chosen action or activity (including the choice of inaction) will lead to a loss (an
undesirable outcome).
-probability of an event to happen that will lead to loss.

SECURITY HAZARD
An act or condition which results in a situation conducive to a breach of the protection system and the
subsequent loss or compromise, or damage to personnel, property or facilities.

KINDS OF HAZARDS
1. Man –Made Hazards – an acts or conditions affecting the safe of operation of the facility caused by
human action, accidental or intentional. It includes sabotage, espionage, pilferage and theft.
2. Natural Hazard – cause by natural phenomena which cause damage, disturbance and problems of
normal functioning activities, including security. It includes flood, lighting, storms and volcanic eruptions.

THE EXTENT OF DEGREE OF RISK TO SECURITY WILL BE DEFENDANT ON THE FOLLOWING:

1. RELATIVE CRITICALITY OF OPERATIONS- Is the importance of the firm which reference to the national
economy and security.
2. RELATIVE VULNERABILITY – The susceptibility of the plant or establishment to damage, loss, or
disruption of operation due to various hazard.

BARRIER – can be defined as any structure or physical device capable of restricting, deterring, delaying,
illegal access to an installation.

Generally, a barrier is use for the following purposes:

1. Outline the perimeter of the area to be secured;
2. Create a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry;
3. Delay intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of intruders;
4. Assist in more efficient and economical employment of guards;
5. Facilitates and impose the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.

1. FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE – Perimeter barrier/fences - a medium or structure which defines the physical
limits of an installation or area to restrict or impede access thereto.
2. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE – Doors, floors, windows, walls, roofs and grills.
3. THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE – Storage system like steel cabinets, safes, vaults and interior files.

GENERAL TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIER:

1. NATURAL BARRIER – include mountains, rivers, seas, desserts or terrain difficult to traverse. To be fully
effective, these barriers must be under surveillance of guards.
2.STRUCTURAL OR MAN-MADE BARRIER – structural constructions made by man like fences, walls, floors,
roofs, grill or other physical means to deter or impede penetration.

TYPES OF FENCES

1. SOLID FENCE – Constructed in such away that visual access through the fence is denied. Its advantage is
that it denies the opportunity for the intruder to become familiar with the personnel, activities and the scheduled
movements of the security personnel. On the other hand, it prevents the guards from observing the area
around the installation and it creates shadow that may be used by the intruder for cover and concealment.

WALL – Masonry wall should have the same as the chain linked and surrounded by the barbed wire as top
guard.

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2. FULL VIEW FENCE – It is constructed in such a way that visuals access is permitted through the fence. Its
advantage is that it allows the security personnel to keep the surrounding of the installation under observation.
On the other hand, it allows the intruder to become familiar with the movements the security personnel.

TYPES OF FULL VIEW FENCE

1. CHAIN LINK FENCE

- Should be constructed minimum
height of 7 feet excluding top guard;
- 9 gauges or heavier;
- Mesh openings of not larger 2 inches per side;
- Twisted;
- Securely fastened to rigid material or reinforced concrete;
- Reach within 2 inches of hard ground or paving;
- On soft ground, it must reach below surface deep enough to compensate for shifting soil or sand.

2. BARBED WIRE FENCE - is a type of fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at
intervals along the strand(s). It is used to construct inexpensive fences.

3. Concertina Wire or Dannert Wire – is a type of barbed wire or razor wire that is formed in large coils which
can be expanded like a concertina.
-Opened concertina wire is 50 feet long and 3 feet diameter.

ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES

1. Top Guard- an addition overhang or barbed wire place on vertical perimeter fences facing upward and
outward with a 45 degree angle with three to four strands of barbed wires space six inches apart. This
will increase the protective height and prevent easy access.
2. Entry Stations – provided at main perimeter entrances to secure areas located out of the doors, and
manned by guards on a full time basis.
3. Towers – a house like structures above the perimeter barrier. Height of tower increases the range of
observation during day and night with artificial illumination.
4. Clear Zones – unobstructed area maintain on both sides of the perimeter barrier. It affords better
observation and patrol movement. It should be cleared of anything that may provide concealment or
assistance to a person seeking an authorized entry.

notes: ideal clear zone measurement

- 20 feet or more between the perimeter barrier and exterior structure.

- 50 feet or more between the perimeter barrier and structure within the protected areas.

PROTECTION IN DEPTH
-In large open areas or ground, where fencing or walling is impracticable and expensive, warning signs should
be conspicuously placed.
- The depth itself is protection.

Signs and Notices – erected where necessary in the management of unauthorized ingress and preclude
accidental entry.

SECURITY LIGHTING
Provides sufficient illumination to areas during hours of darkness.

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PURPOSES OF SECURITY LIGHTING
1. It improves visibility so that intruders can be seen, identified and apprehend;
2. It gives psychological fear, which serves as a deterrent to thieves, pilferers, trespassers, and sabotage;
3. It makes easier. The routine of work of guards in identifying employees, vehicles during night time;
4. If placed in certain areas, may even reduce the number of stationary guards, and instead, may require only
roving patrols at night.

TYPES OF SECURITY LIGHTING

1. Stationary Luminary – most common type consisting of fixed series of luminaries. It is commonly used on
entry gates of employees and vehicles.

>Glare Protection Type – The intensity is focused to the intruder while the observer or the
guard remain in comparative darkness.
>Controlled lighting- The lighting is focused on certain objects than the background.

2. Standby Lighting – similar to continuous lighting but can be turned on manually or by special device or
other automatic means, when there is a suspicion of entry.
3. Emergency Lighting – stand by lighting which can be utilized in the event of electrical failure.

Different Types of Lights or Lamps in a Lighting system

 Incandescent lamps
 Compact fluorescent lamps
 Halogen lamps
 Metal halide Lamps
 Light Emitting Diode
 Fluorescent tube
 Neon lamps
 High intensity discharge lamps
 Low pressure sodium lamps

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