MODULE 3: INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

Learning objectives
In this module, you will:
* Describe input and output devices.
* Identify the different keys on a keyboard and explain their functions.
* Distinguish between facts and opinions in advertisements.
* Learn how to understand the technical specs of digital cameras, printers and
display devices.
* Learn and use the superlative form of adjectives
* Practice recommending the most suitable display devices for particular people
* Learn how to understand and give instructions
and advice for the use of computers and monitors.
* Compare different types of printer.
* Learn and use discourse connectors
* Learn about what sort of input/output devices that computer users can use.

UNIT 4. INPUT DEVICES

Bt: 4.6.1, 4.6.2
5.2.1 c, mấy cái loa, … 5.6.1, 5.6.2 , liệt kê các input, output là gì, tính năng ?

4.1 Interacting with your computer

A. Read the following description of input devices and then label the pictures(1-8)

Input devices are the pieces of hardware Interact with a computer by using one
which allow us to enter information into of these: a light pen, a scanner, a
the computer. The most common are the trackball, a graphics tablet, a game
keyboard and the mouse. we can also controller or a microphone
 (Source: Infotech – English for computer users -Forth edition).
4.2 Describing input devices
A. Read three computer technicians describing three input devices. Write which
device he’s talking about.
Technician 1: This device is used to enter information into the computer. As well as
having normal typewriter keys for characters and a numeric keypad, it may also have
function keys and editing keys for special purposes.
Technician 2: This is a device for controlling the cursor and selecting items on the
screen. The ball underneath is rolled in any direction across the surface of a desk to move the
cursor on the screen. It may have an optical sensor instead of a ball. It usually features two
buttons and a wheel. By clicking a button, the user can activate icons or select items and
text. A wireless version works without cables.
Technician 3: In shape, this input device is similar to an ordinary pen. It works by
detecting light from the computer screen and is used by pointing it directly at the screen
display. It allows the user to answer multiple-choice questions and to draw diagrams or
graphics.
1 _______keyboard__________________________
2 ____________mouse_____________________.............................
3 _________________light pen________________
B . Look at the Help box below, read again and complete the following extracts.
1. This device is ___ used to _______ enter information into the computer.
2. It may also_ have ___function keys and editing keys __ for ___ special purposes.
3. This is a device ___ for controlling _the cursor and selecting items on the screen.
4. It usually _____ features ______two buttons and wheel.
5. The user______ can _________activate icons or select items and text.
 6. It__ works by _detecting light from the computer screen and it used by pointing it
directly at the screen display.
7. It __ allows ____the user____ to ___answer multiple-choice questions and…….
4.3. Language work: Describing functions and features.
A. Look at the HELP BOX and then use the notes to write a description of the Sony
PlayStation 3 controller.

Sony PlayStation 3 controller

Function
 Control video games
 Hold it with both hands, use thumbs to handle directional and face buttons
Features
 six-axis sensing system (capable of sensing motion in six directions: up, down,
left, right, forwards and backwards)
 wireless controller (Bluetooth)
 USB mini port and cable for wires play and automatic battery charging

HELP BOX
 Describing functions

In the reading part, the mouse was described using for + gerund:
This is a device for controlling the cursor and selecting items on the screen.
There are other ways of describing a device’s function:
 Used + to + infinitive
It’s used to control…
 Relative pronoun + verb
This is a device which controls …
 Relative pronoun + used + to + infinitive
This is a device which/that is used to control …
 Work by + gerund
It works by detecting light from the computer screen.

Describing features
We can describe features like this:

An optical mouse has an optical sensor instead of a ball underneath.

It usually features two buttons and a wheel.
You can connect it to a USB port.
A wireless mouse work/operates without cables.
It allows the user to answer multiple-choice questions and …

B. In pairs, choose one of these input devices and describe its functions and features.
Try to guess which device your partner is describing.

Bar code reader Touchpad on a portable PC Webcam Touchscreen

Mouse, keyboard, light pen, scanner, trackball, graphics tablet, game controller,
microphone, typewriter, Bar code reader, Touchpad on a portable, PC Webcam,
Touchscreen, power button

4.4 The keyboard

A. Label the picture of a standard keyboard with the groups of keys (1-5).
1. Cursor control keys include arrow keys that move the insertion point up, down,
right and left, and keys such as End, Home, Page down, which are used in word
processing to move around a long document.
2. Alphanumeric keys represent letters and number, as arranged on typewriter.
3. Function keys appear at the top of the keyboard and can be programmed to do
special tasks.
4. Dedicated keys are used to issue commands or to produce alternative characters,
e.g. the Ctrl key or the Alt key.
5. A numeric keypad appears to the right of the main keyboard. The Num Lock key
is used to switch from numbers to editing keys.

b 3............
c 5............

a 2.........

e 4..............
d 1...............

A PC -compatible keyboard

B. Match the descriptions (1-8) with the names of the key (a-h). Then find them on the
keyboard
 1. A long key at the bottom of the keyboard. Each a. arrow keys
time it is pressed, it produces a blank space. f
b. return/enter
2 . It moves the cursor to the beginning of a new
line. It is also used to confirm commands. b c. Caps Lock

3. It works in combination with other keys. For d. shift

example, you press this key and C to copy the select text.
h e. tab

4. It removes the character to the left of the cursor or f. space bar

any selected text. f
g. backspace
5. It produces UPPER CASE character. d .
h. Ctrl
6 . It produces UPPER CASE letters, but it does not
affect numbers and symbols. c

7 . It moves the cursor horizontally to the right for a

fixed number of spaces (in tabulations and data fields). e

8. They are used to move the cursor, as an

alternative to the mouse. a

4.5. Mouse actions

Complete this text about the mouse with verbs from the box below

Click double-click drag grab select move control

MOUSE ACTIONS

A mouse allows you to (1)__control ___the cursor and move around the screen very
quickly. Making the same movements with the arrow keys on the keyboard would take
much longer. As you (2)__move_ the mouse on your desk, the pointer usually looks like
and I-bar, an arrow, or a pointing hand, depending on what you are doing. A mouse has
one or more buttons to communicate with computer. For example, if you want to place
the insertion point or choose a menu option, you just (3)_click____(press and release) on
the mouse button, and the option is chosen. The mouse is also used to (4)__select ____
text and items on the screen. You can highlight text to be deleted, copied or edited in
some way. The mouse is widely used in graphics and design. When you want to move an
image, you position the pointer on the object you want to move, press the mouse button,
and (5) __drag___ the image to a new location on the screen. Similarly, the mouse is used
to change the shape of a graphic object. For example, if you want to convert a square into
a rectangle, you (6)__grab___ one corner of the square and stretch it into a rectangle. The
mouse is also used to start a program or open a document: you put the pointer on the file
name and (7)___double-click __ on the name- that is, you rapidly press and release the
mouse button twice.
Source: Infotech – English for computer users -Forth edition).

4.6. Consolidation
4.6.1 Choose the best answer
1. What is the best definition of 'mouse pointer'?
A. A special icon (normally an arrow) that indicates the current location of the
mouse on the desktop screen.
B. To press the right-side mouse button
C. A hardware peripheral designed to 'scan' products into an inventory tracking
system.
D. All the above
2. A pen shaped device which can sense light, and is used to point at spots on a
video screen.
A. Mouse
B. Light pen
C. Joystick
D. Plotter
3. What is the best definition of 'input device'?
A. A handheld input device for computers with one or more buttons and a rounded
body meant to be slid around on a pad or flat surface.
B. An input device or mouse alternative using a sensitive rectangular surface and a
stylus
C. A peripheral used primarily to enter data into a computer
 D. An input device using a light-sensitive pen shaped handle which can be used to
draw on the computer screen
4. What is the best definition of 'speech recognition'?
A. The ability of a computer to convert spoken words from a user into usable data.
B. A handheld input device for computers with one or more buttons and a rounded
body meant to be slid around on a pad or flat surface
C. An input device using a light-sensitive pen shaped handle which can be used to
draw on the computer screen
D. A hardware device plugged into a computer's sound card optimized for voice
commands or other audio recording
5. Data is transferred from the internal memory to the arithmetic –logical unit
along................. known as buses.
A. cables
B. roads
C. paths
D. channels
6. What is the best definition of 'right-click'?
A. An input device using a light-sensitive pen shaped handle which can be used to
draw on the computer screen
B. An input device or mouse alternative using a sensitive rectangular surface and a
stylus
C. To press the right-side mouse button
D. An input device with a vertical rod mounted on a base used to control pointing
devices or on-screen objects; normally with one or more buttons
7. Which device of computer operation dispenses with the use of the keyboard?
A. Mouse
B. Light pen
C. Joystick
D. Touch
8. The device that can both feed data into and accept data from a computer is..….
A. ALU
B. Input/Output device
C. CPU
D. All of the above
9. What is the best definition of 'barcode reader'?
A. an input device using a light-sensitive pen shaped handle which can be used to
draw on the computer screen
B. an input device with a vertical rod mounted on a base used to control pointing
devices or on-screen objects; normally with one or more buttons
C. a hardware peripheral designed to 'scan' products into an inventory tracking
system
10. What is the best definition of 'microphone'?
A. to press the right-side mouse button
B. a display that also acts as an input device by allowing a user to navigate a
program by touching specific locations of the screen
C. a hardware device plugged into a computer's sound card optimized for voice
commands or other audio recording.
4.6.2 Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word or phrase from the table below. You
may have to change the form of words to complete the passage

main banks libraries tests computer

generate lives quickly graphics barcode

Computers are part of our everyday(1)…… They have an effect on almost

everything you do. When you buy groceries at a supermarket, a(2)………is used with
laser and (3)………… technology to scan the price of each item and present a total.
Barcoding items (clothes, food and books) require a computer to(4)……….the barcode
labels and maintain the inventory.
Most televisions advertisements and many films use (5)……….. produced by a
computer. In hospitals, beside terminals connected to the hospitals(6)……… computers
allow doctors to type in orders for blood(7)……….. and to schedule operations(8)….. use
computers to look after their customers’ money. In(9)……… and bookshops, computers
can help you find the book you want as(10)……….as possible.
(Source: Infotech – English for computer users -Second edition).

4.6.3 Translate the following passage into Vietnamese

Computers are machines designed to process, electronically, specially prepared
pieces of information which are termed data. Handling or manipulating the information
that has been given to the computer, in such ways as doing calculations, adding
information or making comparisons is called processing. Computers are made up of
millions of electronic devices capable of storing data or moving them, at enormous
speeds, through complex circuits with different functions.
 All computers have several characteristics in common, regardless of make or
design. Information, in the form of instructions and data, is given to the machine, after
which the machine acts on it, and a result is then returned. The information presented to
the machine is the input; the internal manipulative operations, the processing; and the
result, the output. These three basic concepts of input, processing, and output occur in
almost every aspect of human life whether at work or at play. For example, in clothing
manufacturing, the input is the pieces of cut cloth, the processing is the sewing together
of these pieces, and the output is the finished garment
the fundamental hardware components in a computer system. The
centerpiece is called either the computer, the processor, or usually, the central processing
unit (CPU). The term "computer" includes those parts of hardware in which calculations
and other data manipulations are performed, and the high-speed internal memory in
which data and calculations are stored during actual execution of programs. Attached to
the CPU are the various peripheral devices such as card reader and keyboards (two
common examples of input devices). When data or program need to be saved for long
period of time, they are stored on various secondary memory devices of storage devices
such a magnetic tapes or magnetic disks.
Computers have often been thought of as extremely large adding machines, but this
is a very narrow view of their function. Although a computer can only respond to certain
number of instructions, it is not a single-purpose machine since these instructions can be
combined in an infinite number of sequences. Therefore, a computer has no known limit
on the kinds of things it can do; its versatility is limited only by the imagination of those
using it.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s when electronic computers of the kind in use
today were being developed, they were very expensive to own and run. Moreover, their
size and reliability were such that a large number of support personnel were needed to
keep the equipment operating. This has all changed now that computing power has
become portable, more compact, and cheaper.
In only a very short period of time, computers have greatly changed the way in
which many kinds of work are performed. Computers can remove many of the routine
and boring tasks from our lives, thereby leaving us with more time for interesting,
creative work. It goes without saying that computers have created whole new areas of
work that did not exist before their development.
(Source: Computing studies. Heinemann Education)
4.7 Vocabulary
Trackball (n) chuột bi
Graphics tablet (n) bảng đồ họa
Game controller (n) Thiết bị điều khiển trò chơi điện tử
Character (n) kí tự
Numeric keypad (n) phím số
Cursor (n) con trỏ
Activate (v) kích hoạt
Cable (n) tuyến cáp
Detect (v) dò tìm
Point (v) chỉ
Diagram (n) biểu đồ
Arrow (n) mũi tên
Movement (n) sự chuyển động, động tác
Position (n) vị trí
Object (n) vật thể, đối tượng
Convert (n) chuyển đổi
Stretch (v) kéo dài
Circuit (n) mạch
Enormous (adj) to, lớn
Complex (adj) phức tạp
Fundamental (adj) chính, cơ bản
Versatility (n) sự đa tính năng
Imagination (n) sự tưởng tượng
Reliability (n) sự tin cậy
 UNIT 5: OUTPUT DEVICES

5.1 Screen Displays

Displays often called monitors or screens, are the most-used output device on a
computer. They provide instant feedback by showing your text and graphic images as you
work or play.
Most desktop displays use Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) or Cathode Ray Tube
(công nghệ tia âm cực) (CRT) technology, while nearly all portable computing devices,
such as laptops, incorporate LCDs. Because of their slimmer design and lower energy
consumption, LCD monitors (also called flat panel or flat screen displays) are replacing
CRTs.
Basic features
Resolution refers to the number of dots of color, known as pixels (picture
elements), contained in a display. It is expressed by identifying the number of pixels on
the horizontal and vertical axes. A typical resolution is 1024x768. Two measurements
describe the size of your display, the aspect ratio and screen size. Historically (trước
đây), computer displays, like most televisions, have had an aspect ratio of 4:3- the width
of the screen to the height is four to three. For widescreen LCD displays, the aspect ratio
is 16:9, very useful for viewing DVD movies, playing games and displaying multiple
windows side by side. High-definition TV (có độ pg cao) also use this format. The
viewable screen size (kích thước màn hình) is measured diagonally, so a 19” screen
measures 19” from the top left to the bottom right.
Inside the computer there is a video adapter, or graphics card, which processes
images and sends signals to the monitor. CRT monitors use a VGA (video graphics
adapter) cable , which converts digital signals (tín hiệu số) into analogue signals (tín
hiệu tuyến tính). LCD monitors use a DVI (digital video interface) connection.
Colour depth (độ nét của màu sắc) refers to the number of colors a monitor can
display. This depends on the number of bits used to describe the color of a single pixel.
For example, an old VGA monitor with an 8-bit can generate 256 colors and a
SuperVGA with a 24-bit depth can generate 16.7 million colors. Monitors with a 32-bit
depth are used in digital video, animation and video games to get certain effects.
Display technologies
An LCD is made of two glass plates with a liquid crystal material between them,
the crystal block the light in different quantities to create the image (chặn luồng ánh
sacngs với số lượng khác nhau). Active- matrix LCDs use TFT (thin film transistor)
technology (công nghệ bán dẫn dạng fim mỏng), in which each pixel has its own switch.
The amount of light the LCD monitor produces is called brightness or luminance,
measured in cd/m2 (candela per square metre).
A CRT monitor is similar to a traditional TV set. It contains millions of tiny red,
green and blue phosphor dots that glow when struck by an electron beam (thắp sáng khi
gặp trùm tia điện tử) that travels across the screen and create a visible image.
PCs can be connected to video projectors, which project the image onto a large
screen. They are used for presentations and home theatre applications (ứng dụng âm
thanh).
In a plasma screen, images are created by a plasma discharge (bằng sự phóng chất
plasma) which contains noble (non-harmful) gases (các loại khí vô hại). Plasma TVs
allow for larger screens and wide viewing angles, making them ideal for movies.
Organic Light- Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) (diot phát sáng hữu cơ) are thin- film
LED displays that don’t require a backlight to function. The material emits light when
stimulated by an electric current, which is known as electroluminescence (sự phát quang
điện). They consume less energy, produce brighter colours and are flexible- i.e., they can
be bent and rolled up when they’re not being used.
(Source: Infotech – English for computer users -Forth edition).

5.2 Printer
5.2.1 Types of printer
A. How many types of printer can you think of ? Make a list ?
B. Read the following article and then label the types of printer (1-5). Which types
of printer aren’t pictured?
 WHICH TYPE OF PRINTER SHOULD I BUY?

Printing is the final stage in creating a document. Since the results you can obtain
with different types of printer will vary substantially (= different), here is a guide to help
you decide which one is most suitable for your needs.
To begin with, you should take in to account (cân nhắc) that printers vary in cost,
speed, print quality, and other factors such as noise or printing method. Technology is
evolving so quickly that there is always a printer for every application or need.
Dot-matrix printers use pins (kim) to print the dots required to shape a character.
They can print text and graphic; however, they produce relatively low resolution output-
72 to 180 dots per inch (dpi). They are used to print multi- part forms, self-copying paper
(tự in liên tục trên giấy) and continuous-form labels. They are slower than laser printers
(see below) but much cheaper.
 Inkjet (phun mực) printers operate by projecting small ink droplets (phun các giọt
mực nhỏ) onto paper to form the required image. Colour and hues (màu nền) are created
by the precise mixing of cyan, magenta, yellow and black inks. Inkjets are fairly (khá)
fast, quiet and not as expensive as laser printers. Nevertheless, you can still expect high
quality results because there are some inkjet printers on the market with a resolution of
2,400 dpi.
Laser printers produce output at great speed and with a very high solution (độ phân
giải) of 1,200-2,400 dpi. They scan the image with a laser beam and transfer it to paper
with a special ink powder (mực bột) called toner (mực in chuyên dụng). They are
constantly being improved. In terms of speed and image quality, laser printers are
preferred by experts for various reasons; for instance, they have a wider range of scalable
fonts than inkjets, can emulate different language systems and can produce high-quality
graphics; however, they are still expensive for home users.
Thermal transfer (nhiệt) printers are used to produce colour images by transferring
a wax-based ink onto the paper. They are popular for printing bar codes, labels and
medium-resolution graphics.
Image-setters (máy in ảnh) produce very high-resolution output (up to 3,540dpi)
on paper or on the actual film for making the printing plates. In addition, they are
extremely fast. Image-setters are most often used in desktop publishing (chế bản điện tử)
(DTP). Although they produce the highest quality output, they have one important
disadvantage: they are too expensive for homes or small offices.
In modern lithographic printing, images are created on a DTP computer and then
output directly to the printing plates, without requiring film as an intermediate step (máy
in ảnh thực tiếp). This technology is called computer to plate (công nghệ in trực tiếp),
or CTP, and the machine used is called a plate-setter.
(Source: Infotech – English for computer users -Forth edition).

C. Find words in the article with the following meanings

1.Designs and images used in magazines, books, etc.(paragraph 3) __________
2.Output quality, measured in dots per inch (Paragraph 4) ________________
3. A particular colour within the colour spectrum (paragraph 4) ____________
4.An ink powder used in laser printer and copiers (paragraph 5 ) ____________
5.Set of character that can be resized (enlarged or reduce) without introducing
distortion (paragraph 5) __________
6.A rectangular pattern of black lines of magnetic ink printed on an object so that its
details can be read by a computer system (paragraph 6) __________
 7.Surface that carries a reproduction of the image, from which the pages are printed
(paragraph 8) __________
8.In-between; middle (paragraph 8 ) __________

5.3 Speaker

A speaker is a hardware device, that is connected to a computer’s sound card, which

outputs sound generated by the card. Audio data generated by the computer is sent to the
audio card, that is located in the expansion slot. The card translates the data into audio
signals, which are then sent to either the speakers or headphones. In the initial phase,
computers had on-board speakers, which generated series of different tones and beeps.
When the popularity of multimedia and computer games grew, higher quality computer
speakers came into the market. These new speakers were known for higher quality sound
effects and music.

5.4 Projector.

It is a hardware device, with which an image like a computer screen is projected

onto a flat screen. Image data is sent to the video card, by the computer which is then
translated into a video image and sent to the projector. A projector is often used in
meetings or to make presentations, because they allow for a large image to be shown,
with which the display is available for a large audience.
5.5 Plotter (máy vẽ)

Plotters, like printers, create a hard copy rendition of digitally rendered design. The
design is sent to a plotter through a graphics card and the image is created using a pen. In
simple words, plotters basically draw an image using a series of straight lines. This
computer output device is used with engineering applications.
(Source: Basic English for Computing, Oxford University
Press)

5.6. Consolidation
5.6.1. Choose the best answer
1. To turn on the computer,…………………the "Start" button
A. touch
B. press
C. switch
2. The printer has……………. of ink.
A. finished
B. ended
C. run out
3. Unfortunately, my scanner isn't………………at the moment.
A. working
B. going
C. doing
4. Please………………. the CD-ROM.
A. insert
B. introduce
C. inject
5. The projector isn't working because it isn't…………………
A. plugged
B. plugged in
C. plugged into
6. The batteries in my digital camera are nearly dead. They need……………….
A. to change
 B. exchanging
C. changing
7. I have to …………………….a computer screen for eight hours a day.
A. see
B. look at
C. watch
8. Switch off your computer, and ………………….it from the wall socket.
A. de-plug
B. unplug
C. non-plug
9. I turned off the photocopier and……………… the plug.
A. pulled out
B. extracted
C. took away
10. ………………….any key to continue.
A. Kick
B. Smash
C. Hit

5.6.2 Match the verbs with the nouns below

1. RECHARGE a. digital photos
2. CLICK ON b. faxes
3. DIAL c. a number on your mobile phone
4. GIVE d. a presentation
5. MOVE e. something with the mouse
6. PRINT OUT f. the battery
7. SEND AND RECEIVE g. the mouse
8. TAKE SOME h. twenty pages

5.6.3 Translate the following passage into Vietnamese

Smart phones for sending and receiving voice, e-mail, and Internet data are already
available. One example is Mobile Access, the wireless phone from Mitsubishi. The
software from Unwired Planet connects you to a server, displaying a directory of
databases and information services.
You can connect Mobile Access to your laptop and use its modem to access the
Internet. The technology is based on the cellular digital packet data (CDPD) protocol.
 Internet TV sets allow you to surf the Web and have e-mail while you are watching
or vice versa. Imagine watching a film on TV and simultaneously accessing a Web site
where you get information on the actors in the film. This is ideal for people who are
reluctant to use PCs but are interested in the Internet.
Web TV was the first company which brought Internet services to TV viewers
through a set-top computer box. Another option is World Gate's technology, which offers
the Internet through cable TV.
The model built by OEM Metec integrates a complete Windows PC in a TV set.
The next generation of Internet-enabled televisions will incorporate a smart-card for
home shopping, banking and other interactive services.
Virtual reality lets people interact with artificial objects and environments through
three-dimensional computer simulation. In a VR system, you are hooked to a computer
through a controlling device, such as a glove, and head-mounted displays give you the
feeling of being propelled into an artificial three-dimensional world. The computer brings
to life events in a distant, virtual world using databases or real-time objects and sounds.
Your senses are immersed in an illusionary, yet sensate, world.
VR can be applied to anything from video games, testing a motor vehicle visiting a
virtual exhibition, to checking out imaginary kitchen designs.
Video teleconferencing is a new technology that allows organizations to create
'virtual' meetings with participants in multiple locations.
A video teleconferencing system combines data, voice and video. Participants see
colour images of each other, accompanied by audio, and they can exchange textual and
graphical in-formation.
In video teleconferencing, images are captured by computer mounted cameras.
Video processors digitize and compress the images, which are transmitted over a network
directionally. Data and sound travel via telephone line
(Source: Oxford English for Information Technology)

5.7. Vocabulary
Display (v/n) hiển thị. thiết bị hiển thị
Feedback (n) sự phản hồi
Resolution (n) độ phân giải
Pixel (n) điểm ảnh
Horizontal (adj) theo chiều ngang
Vertical (adj) theo chiều dọc
Ratio (n) tỷ lệ
 Width (n) độ rộng, chiều rộng
Height (n) chiều cao
Generate (v) tạo ra
Animation (n) hình họa
Effect (n) kỹ xảo
Luminance (n) độ sáng (chói)
Emit (v) phát ra
Electroluminescence (n) hiện tượng điện phát sáng
Droplet (n) giọt nhỏ
Thermal (adj) nhiệt
Image-setters (n) Máy in bản .
Lithographic (adj) thuộc nghệ thuật in đá
Phase (n) giai đoạn
Speaker (n) loa
Project (v) chiếu
Audience (n) khán giả
Plotter (n) máy vẽ

RERFERENCE MATERIAL FOR MODULE 3

1. Lunt, B. (2018) Input and Output Devices, Kindle Unlimited

2. Herda,D.J (1995) Computer Peripherals, Franklin Watts Publications
3. Bright, S (2017) Computer Fundamentals, Copyrighted Material