DRRM-QUARTER 3-MODULE 2-EPISODE 2-VIDEO 1

SUBJECT: DRRRM

MELCS: Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters.

TOPIC: Disaster Risk Factors
EP: YAP SABANGAN
TB: PRECIOUS NATHALIE A. MANTILLA
UTB:DONNABELLE B. MENDOZA

VIDEO AUDIO

GFX Full screen

Background music
SHS-DRRM

Quarter 2 Module 1

SFX music

Teacher on cam Good day, Senior High School students!

I am Ma’am Love and you are watching

GFX Chargen “Precious Nathalie “Love” Mantilla the second episode of Disaster Readiness
and Risk Reduction Management.

Teacher on cam In today’s episode, you will learn to

identify disaster risk factors underlying
GFX pop-up text “Identify disaster risk factors” disasters, and

GFX pop-up text “ “Describe disaster risk factors” describe each risk factors.

Teacher on cam. In our previous lesson, we learned that

there are really no natural disasters but
rather natural hazards.

That is, disasters come about only if we do

not act on the hazard timely.

We also learned that disaster could affect

 anyone, regardless of social class, gender,
age, religion, and location.

In addition, disaster risk is factoring in the

hazard, the exposure, the vulnerability
and the capacity of the affected
community to respond timely.

Today we will learn how to differentiate

the risk factors underlying disasters.

Teacher on cam
But before that, let us do a short activity
to check your prior knowledge on this
topic.

GFX pop-up illustration “pen” “notebook” Be ready with your pen and notebook and
answer these questions.

GFX pop-up text “Write the letter of your choice

Write the letter of your choice on your
on your notebook.”
notebook.

Ready?

GFX pop-up text full screen Background music

“Which of the following is NOT an element which

causes disaster?
a. exposure
b. hazard
c. risk
d. vulnerability “

Time’s up!
Timer 5 sec
SFX bell Is your answer letter C? You are correct.
GFX pop-up text full screen

It refers to the rapid increase in Earth’s surface

temperature due to human activity, fossil fuel
burning, greenhouse gases effects.

a. deforestation
b. climate change
c. global warming
d. carbon footprint

Timer 5 sec
Time’s up! What is your answer?
SFX bell
Did you say D? Almost! But the correct
answer is C, global warming

GFX pop-up text full screen

Which of the following risk factors best describes

the Covid-19 pandemic?

a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. globalized economic development
d. poorly- planned and managed urban
development Time’s up! And the answer is? Yes, right,
letter D!

Timer 5 sec
SFX bell

GFX pop-up text full screen

It is a risk factor that is both a driver and a

consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of
the environment to meet social and ecological
needs. What is it?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. poverty and inequality
d. environmental degradation
Timer 5 sec
SFX bell
Teacher on cam
Teacher on cam
GFX pop-up illustration “venn diagram”
GFX pop-up text (bullet)
-badly planned and managed urbanization
-environmental degradation
Your answer?
Environmental degradation! Letter D!
Did you get all the correct answers?
No?
Don’t worry, I am sure you will all get the
correct answers at the end of this lesson.
Remember the three elements in disaster
risk equation?
Hazard, exposure, and vulnerability.
Reduction of the level of vulnerability and
exposure is possible by keeping people
and property as far as possible from
hazards.
But doing only these is not enough
because there are still other underlying
risk factors that we have to consider.
According to the United Nations
International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction or UNISDR, the underlying
factors can be, first, the poorly planned
and managed rural and urban
development.
This means the areas where people live
are not planned well, like the
-poverty transportation system is not good, the
-climate change buildings erected are not strategically in
-weak governance place, the water system is not thought out
well. In most cases, illegal settlers or
squatters, as commonly known in the
Philippines can be found in poorly
planned and managed rural and urban
areas.

Second, the environmental degradation is

also an underlying risk factor.
Environmental degradation simply means
the unregulated use of natural resources
like air, water, soil, destruction of natural
habitats for wild animals, illegal logging
and the continuous hunt for wild animals.

Third, is the climate change. I know you

are familiar with the term. But do you
understand what it really means?

The National Aeronautics and Space

Administration or NASA defined climate
change as a long-term change in the
average weather patterns that have come
to define Earth’s local, regional and global
climates.

These changing weather patterns are

mainly caused, again, mostly by human
activity particularly burning fossil fuel.

Fossil fuels, by the way are made from the

fossilized remains of animals and plants
extracted from the Earth’s surface. They
must be refined before being used. The
three main examples of fossil fuels are
coal, petroleum and natural gas.

Lastly, weak governance can also be an

underlying risk factor in disasters. Weak
governance, in the context of DRRM,
means the failure to raise awareness, plan
and implement risk management
 practices.

These risk factors put those affected

people or community in a position where
they will have more serious and longer-
lasting post-disaster stress reactions.

In the 2016 World Risk Report, the

GFX pop-up chart Philippines placed 3rd in the most
exposed countries and also 3rd in the
countries with the highest risk all over the
world.

According to the Office of Civil Defense,

our country’s rank since 2009 are as
follows.
 The Philippines is also number 1 in Asia in
the exposure and risk index.

The first factor which underlies disasters is

Teacher on cam climate change.
GFX pop-up video

Extreme weather has now become part of

our daily news and as our climate
continues to change, natural disasters are
also on the rise.

The Philippines which is located along the

typhoon belt in the Pacific experiences
about 20 typhoons every year, 4 or 5 of
which are conclusively destructive.

So far, the deadliest typhoon ever to hit

the country is the Super Typhoon Yolanda
in 2013.

Over 6000 people lost their lives, over a

million people’s homes were damaged
and it caused about 95 billion pesos worth
of damages in property and
infrastructure.

So how does climate change affect natural

disasters?

Climate change refers to the change in

weather.

In the past few years, the world has

experienced extreme changes in climate
due to global warming and the planet
getting hotter.

Rising temperatures, periods of long

droughts and bushfires are now common
and last longer.

The hot planet also causes the melting of

glaciers and ice sheets causing the sea
levels to rise and higher seas mean that
storm surges are bigger and more
dangerous for people living in the coastal
areas.

A warmer atmosphere also holds more

water which means heavy rains is more
likely and with heavy rains comes the
flooding which is common in our country.

The hotter the planet becomes, the

frequency of typhoons, fires, droughts
and flooding occurring more often is
inevitable.

Who causes the alteration in world’s

climate?

Unfortunately, we humans caused it by

burning fossil fuels, deforestation and
other practices that increase the carbon

Note: sample images only, looking for videos
with no copyright infringement
.
GFX pop-up illustrations of the following
(appearing one by one and then collage)
 Deforestation
 Soil erosion
 Liquefaction
 Water pollution, throwing waste in the
river
 Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
 Burning of coal and mineral oil are just few
examples of environmental degradation.
GFX pop-up graphics “landslides”
GFX pop-up graphics “mangroves and storm
footprint and the concentration of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Carbon footprint is the amount of carbon
dioxide released into the atmosphere as a
result of our activities.
Another factor underlying disasters is
environmental degradation.
Simply put, it is the deterioration and
destruction of the environment.
The primary cause of this is the human
disturbance.
Deforestation
Soil erosion
Liquefaction
Water pollution, throwing waste in the
river
Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
Burning of coal and mineral oil are just
few examples of environmental
degradation.
For example, deforestation of slopes often
leads to an increase in landslides
or removal of mangroves can increase the
damage caused by storm surges. (UNISDR)
Human progress, technological
advancements and increasing population
surges”
GFX pop-up graphics “factory near river, oil spill”
GFX pop-up graphic illustration “ farmland turned
to housing areas with animals displaced”
GFX pop-up images
also contribute to environmental
degradation.
Building of factories near rivers can
ultimately damage the river if safety
measures like controlling oil spill or
chemical leaks are not undertaken.
Building housing units in areas that were
considered agricultural is another factor
causing displacement of animals or
damaging flora specific to that area, thus
creating trouble in the ecosystem.
Changes to the environment can influence
the frequency and intensity of hazards as
well as our exposure and vulnerability to
these hazards.
Third disaster risk factor is the globalized
economic development
This results in an increased in polarization
or the sharp contrast between the rich
and the poor on a global scale.
This has increased the vulnerability to
natural disasters in some cases while
increasing exposure to hazards in others
as more assets are developed in hazard
prone areas
Globalization is the process of increased
interconnectedness among countries.
The prosperous economic development
that is typically gained because of the
increased interconnectedness among
countries usually results in a better
standard of living, and an overall
improved quality of life.
So is globalized economic development
good or bad?

It can be good in a way that a hazard-

prone country has an opportunity to build
resilience by participating in risk-sensitive
development strategies such as investing
in protective infrastructure,
environmental management and
upgrading informal settlements so that
disaster risks can be reduced.

In the Philippines for examples, school

buildings and public infrastructure must
now adhere to certain building and
construction standards to withstand
strong winds and major earthquakes.

It can be bad in a way that marginalized

countries remain at risk due to
vulnerability and exposure to hazards.

Low-income households in Brazil, for

example are often forced to settle in
areas with limited basic infrastructure and
services due to prime urban land held by
landowners for future profit.

In Bangladesh, industry , servicss and real

estate sectors have grown however
regulation of real estate development is
rarely effective and is therefore a disaster
risk.

Developers require approvals from

different authorities whose regulations
 and approval criteria are poorly
coordinated and disaster risks are rarely
assessed .

Another disaster risk factor is poverty and

GFX pop-up graphic inequality.

Poverty is both a factor and a

consequence of a disaster.
Poverty per se, is not vulnerability but
studies and researches show
impoverished people are more likely to
live in hazard-exposed areas.

They also are less able to invest in risk-

reduction measures like buying their own
survival kit or stocking on food good for 3
to 5 days in cases of emergency.

The lack of access to insurance and social

protection means that people in poverty
are often forced to use their already
limited assets during disaster losses,
which drives them into further poverty.
Poverty is also the single most important
factor in determining disaster
vulnerability in the Philippines.

In 2009, the country was hit by tropical

storm Ondoy and typhoon Pepeng in

GFX pop-up video “Ondoy footage”
GFX pop up graphics “women”, “children”,
“elderly”, “family”, “differently-abled” when
mentioned (one by one, thencollage)
quick succession.
Of the 9.3 million people severely affected
by these two hazards, hit hardest were
those who had been self-employed before
the typhoon, including fisherman,
farmers, small-business owners and
informal-sector workers.
Self-employed workers who depend on
their own capital to make a living were
the most negatively impacted by the
typhoon and struggled even with access
to government and international
assistance.
Inequality on the other hand is not just
about unequal distribution of income.
Inequality may also come about because
of gender, age, level of education and
skills, size and type of the family,
disability, location and access to outside
help.
All these factors create additional
complications in handling disaster risk.
Women, children, elderly and babies are
often at a disadvantage during disasters.
Gender and age differences are often
most telling in the aftermath of a disaster,
as in most cases, the mortality rates for
women are higher than those of men.
 Women and children died in significantly
larger number in the 1991 Bangladesh
cyclone Gorky, in the 1993 Maharashtra
earthquake in India, in the 1995 Kobe
earthquake in Japan as well as the 2004
Indian Ocean Tsunami.

And still another disaster risk factor is the

GFX pop-up images poorly planned and managed urban
development.

Urbanization creates another set of

disaster risk to both humans and animals.

Many of the big cities in the world are

now faced with two pressing problems,
poverty and environmental degradation.
Rapid urbanization, conversion of
agricultural lands to residential areas and
concreting open spaces have resulted in
the loss of topsoil and destruction of the
natural ecosystems, which drastically
reduce the ground’s capacity to absorb
water.

The pull of prosperity and good jobs when

working in big cities are what prompts
people to transfer.

However, the reality is the reverse. Most

of those who come from rural areas
ended up living in the slums and getting
jobs with wages lower than they
expected.

When properly planned and managed,

urbanization can reduce poverty and
inequality by improving employment
opportunities and quality of life, including
better education and health.

But when poorly planned, urbanization

can lead to congestion, higher crime rates,
pollution, increased levels of inequality
and social exclusion.

And the last factor is the weak

governance.

Governance refers to the different ways in

which governments, the private sector
and in general all individuals and
institutions in a society organize
themselves to manage their common
affairs.

According to UNISDR, weak governance is

 a factor of disaster risk, and is linked to
many other risk factors such as poverty
and inequality, poorly planned urban
development, and globalised economic
development.

Disaster risk is disproportionately

concentrated in lower-income countries
with weak governance.

In the Philippines, disaster prevention,

preparedness and mitigation activities had
been set as early as the 1970s.

This is not enough however and thus the

enactment of the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act of 2010
GFX pop-up image (or Republic Act 10121).

RA 10121 is the country’s foremost legal

instrument and guiding policy framework
driving DRRM momentum across various
governance levels.

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Council (NDRRMC) serves as
the highest decision-making body
comprising members from different
departments, government agencies, local
government units, civil society
organizations and the private sector.

GFX pop up image “logo of NDRRMC”

Look at the chart on your screen.

This is the disaster legislation and policies
of the Philippines.
 Here you see the implementing
department, the policy for each
department, the scope and their purpose.

Are you taking notes? I hope you are.

Teacher on cam.
Now let’s do a comprehension check of
what we have discussed so far.

Get your pen and notebook.

 Instructions: Analyze the given situation
by identifying the correct risk factor.

Write only the letter that corresponds to

your answer.

GFX pop-up text on screen

Situation:

Unwillingness to assume their roles and

responsibilities in governing disaster risk
department

A. Climate Change

B. Environmental Degradation

C. Globalized Economic Development

D. Poverty and Inequality

E. Poorly planned and Managed Urban

Development

F. Weak Governance

Timer: 5 secs
SFX bell

Situation:

rising sea levels

A. Climate Change

B. Environmental Degradation

C. Globalized Economic Development

D. Poverty and Inequality

E. Poorly planned and Managed Urban

Development

F. Weak Governance

Timer: 5 secs
SFX bell

Situation:

houses are built with lightweight materials

A. Climate Change

B. Environmental Degradation

C. Globalized Economic Development

D. Poverty and Inequality

E. Poorly planned and Managed Urban

Development

F. Weak Governance
Timer: 5 secs
SFX bell

Situation:

garbage slide killed that over 200 people in an

informal settlement in Manila, the
Philippines,

A. Climate Change

B. Environmental Degradation

C. Globalized Economic Development

D. Poverty and Inequality

E. Poorly planned and Managed Urban

Development

F. Weak Governance
Timer: 5 secs
SFX bell

Situation:

fragmented responsibilities for drought risk

management

A. Climate Change

B. Environmental Degradation

C. Globalized Economic Development

D. Poverty and Inequality

E. Poorly planned and Managed Urban

Development

F. Weak Governance

Timer: 5 secs
SFX bell

Teacher on cam. Have you learned so much from this

episode?
GFX pop-up chart
For your assignment, write three (3)
3 Things I learned Today things that you learned today and write
1. _______________________________________
two (2) thing you found interesting and 1
2. _______________________________________
question you might have.
3. ________________________________________

2 Things I Found Interesting

1. ____________________________________
2. ____________________________________

1 Question I have
1. __________________________________
 And that’s it for today’s episode.
Teacher on cam
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I am teacher Love.

GFX pop-up text ““Disaster comes only because of According to Judah the Prince, “Disaster
ignorance” comes only because of ignorance”

See you again in the next episode of SHS-

DRRM subject. Let’s continue learning
with love, only here on DepEd TV.

NOTE: currently looking for appropriate videos for some parts.

https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-of-environmental-
degradation.php

https://riskreductionandmanagement.wordpress.com/2017/10/08/lesson-6-risk-factors-
underlying-disasters/

file:///C:/Users/Precious%20Mantilla/Downloads/
Teaching_Guide_for_Senior_High_School_DI.pdf

https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/SHS-Core_Disaster-Readiness-
and-Risk-Reduction-CG.pdf

https://www.preventionweb.net/disaster-risk/risk-drivers/global-economy/
#:~:text=Globalized%20economic%20development%20has%20resulted,developed%20in
%20hazard%2Dprone%20areas.
https://www.youtube.com/redirect?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.explainity.com%2Feducation-
project&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbWl0YVkzN0ZGMFhGel9XLTR5eTB1SnFkS0ZhUXxBQ3Jtc0ttZk
QwcE1oRnBKV1d3NjJHalNUN2I5YW83MTlQamRHZ2FqX1VFM0l6aFN2SEhhdEotWlBqWk40NF
ljRml5OFJWcUVjM2t1SlNjN1V2UDgxQnpjVTJvalQ4OFBieG01amFvOHVoTE1zRWI2elJ0SVZnaw
%3D%3D&event=video_description&v=JJ0nFD19eT8

https://www.eapn.eu/what-is-poverty/causes-of-poverty-and-inequality/

https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/social/urbanization-expanding-
opportunities-but-deeper-divides.html

http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/282521468027576152/pdf/
6583300WP0REPL0web0Guidance0Note001.pdf

https://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/mexico_nov2014/Session%207%20Philippines
%20ppt.pdf

https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/
assessments/140111%20SDR%20Yolanda%20Philippines%20final.pdf

https://www.unisdr.org/files/68265_682308philippinesdrmstatusreport.pdf