Topic: Newton’s laws of

motion
For Class: 9th

Developed by : Kamal Singh

Agastya International Foundation

Title: Newton’s laws of motion

Class: 9th

Total Time: 122 min

Learning Objective;

To enable the students to experience the Aah, Aha and Ha Ha on the topic Newton’s laws of
motion thereby enhancing their Curiosity, Creativity, and Confidence.

Learning Outcomes;

At the end of the session, students will be

● Experiencing the hands-on experiential learning.

● Exploring the concepts and sub-concepts of Newton’s laws of motion through

activities, daily life examples, do it yourself activities etc.
● Instill the habit of observing, thinking, questioning, comparing, analyzing, and
drawing conclusions and collaboration.
● Relate and apply the classroom learning’s to their day to day life situations.

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

 Overview

Activity Learning Objective Key Message Time

Performing Discussion

Super Super start 7 5

start

Activity 1 An object at rest remains at rest, and 15 15

an object in motion remains in
Newton’s 1st law
motion, unless acted on by an
external force

Activity 2 Newton’s 2nd laws Newton’s second law states that the 15 15
of motion quantity of a force being applied to
an object is equal to the product of
the mass it acts on and the
acceleration it causes.

Activity 3 High order Newton’s third law states that every 8 7

Thinking Activity action exists with an equal and
opposite reaction.

Activity 4 Newton’s 3rd law Newton’s third law states that every 10 10
action exists with an equal and
opposite reaction.

Super Consolidation 5
finish

Evaluation 10

70 52

Total 122

Overall Required Materials

S. No. Material Numbers Required

1 Inertia at Rest model (plate and 1 per class

coin)

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

2 Carrom board coins At least 5 per group

3 Striker 1 per group

4 Thread 5 meter per group

5 Inertia of Motion Model 1 per class

6 Straw 12 per Class

7 Marbles 2 per class

8 Speed Velocity Model 1 per class

9 Stopwatch and timer 1 per class

Group Formation

Time: 3 to 4 minutes

● Divide the class into groups.

● Groups should not have more than 6 students.

● Allot the Scientist names and very brief information on the scientists.

● Share the general ground rules of the session for few seconds.

● Ensure the groups have enough space to perform the activities

● Ensure enough lighting, ventilation in the classroom.

Grouping: 3-4 minutes ( Fire on the mountain etc.)

Name the group:

Isaac Newton- Universal law of Gravitation

Anna Mani -Anna Mani was an Indian physicist and meteorologist. She
retired as the Deputy Director General of the Indian Meteorological Department
and further served as a visiting professor at the Raman Research Institute.

Galileo Galilei:Galileo has been called the "father of observational astronomy

Janki Ammal- Indian botanist,Janaki Ammal Edavalath Kakkat was an Indian

botanist who conducted scientific research in cytogenetics and phytogeography
Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th
Donna Strickland :Optical physicist at university of Waterloo

Ritu Karidhal :Project officer at Chandrayan 2

Super Start

Time: 10 Min

Learning Objective:

To spark Curious and Creative on the topic Newton’s laws of motion.

Materials required

40 Balloons, Balloon Pump 6 per Class ,thread and straw

Advance Preparations

NA

Safety Precautions

● Don't Blow the Balloon with more air. If you blow more air it can burst. Place the
balloon again in tray after completing the activity and do not touch anything until

instructed .Use the balloon pump to blow balloons

Procedure

1. Provide one balloon to each student and ask them to blow the balloon with the help of
a balloon pump and tie it face with finger. Shake your hand in the air and leave the
balloon and observe the activity.
2. Challenge: how can you launch this balloon like a rocket & which one group get
more distance, elevation & height with a straight path.

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

 3. If students are not able to do it then give the procedure by using thread and straw to
complete the challenge.

Leading Questions

1. What did you observe

2. Why did that happen?

Questioning Slot
3-5 min

By giving sticky chits to students to write on this, paste this chit on board.

Note: Instructor should have written 2 best questions from each group on board related to
super start, discuss & Answer the question throughout the Session.

Overall Prior Knowledge Check

Ask the following questions to check whether students are familiar with the topic. If all
students are familiar with the topic, the topic needs to be changed.

Q.1 What is effect of force on Body?

Q.2 what is relation between mass & Motion?

Q .3 What is Motion & Newton’s law of motion

Q.4 What is difference between mass & Inertia?

Q.5 Can you know about Galileo experiment?

Activity 1

Mode: Hands-on/Demonstration

Time: 30

Learning Objective: What is Newton’s first law?

Advance Preparation

Materials Required

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

S. Material Number Required
No

1 Inertia at Rest model (plate and coin) 1 per class

2 Carom board coins At least 5 per group

3 Striker 1 per group

4 Inertia of Motion model (with ball and 1 per class

funnel)

5 A4 Sheet with cardboard of same size. 5 per class

Things to do

● Demonstrate the model as per model manual. Check the materials before start the
activity.

Safety Precaution

● Nobody will shake the board towards the students.

● Don’t through the striker on other student.

Link to previous activity as part of logical flow

● In the previous ABL, we learned how to measure motion and describe it quantitatively.
Now we will investigate a qualitative property of motion.

Prior knowledge check

● Have you done this activity before? If all/majority of the students have done the
activity, please skip the activity and discuss the key learning’s and go for next activity.
● Show the model to the student and ask you have seen this model before today or not.
Then ask the students about rest and motion. Ask about Newton's laws.

Procedure

a. Control Set-up

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

 ● Demonstrate the model with and without the coin, TT ball and compare.

b. Activity
● It is a group activity, using carom board coins and A4 Sheet. Show exactly the same
thing. The activity just allows students to try it for themselves.
● They kept the coin on the board or A4 Sheet and firstly the will push the sheet
suddenly and observe now they again kept the coin and push the A4 sheet and
suddenly stop the hand and observe.
● It is an instructor demo, using the Inertia at Rest model.

● It is a second instructor demo, using the Inertia of Motion model.

● Complete both activities then discuss the first set of leading questions, and after that
discuss the second set of leading questions.

Group Activity:

● Kept carom board coins and A4 Sheet. Show exactly the same thing.

● The activity just allows students to try it for themselves.

● They kept the coin on the board or A4 Sheet and firstly they will push the sheet
suddenly and observe. Now they again kept the coin and push the A4 sheet and
suddenly stop the hand and observe.

Instructor demo

● Take the Inertia at Rest model. Place the coin on the plate. Strike the plate quickly.
Ask students to observe what happens to the coin – does it fall in the stand or does it
slip forward?

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

FIGURE 4 – INERTIA AT REST MODEL

SESSION

Instructor demo

● Take the Inertia of Motion model and put the ball on the funnel. Press the funnel and
release. Have students observe the motion of the ball and funnel.

FIGURE 5 – INERTIA OF MOTION MODEL

Discussion Item 1 – Inertia of rest

Leading questions
1. What happens to the coin in the instructor demo?
2. What happens to the stack of coins in the group activity?
Discussion and Explanation
● When the plate is struck quickly, the coin falls into the cylinder, because we are
applying force only to the plate and not to the coin. If we want to push the coin we
have to apply force to the coin.

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

 ● We can say that the coin is at rest and will continue to be at rest unless an external
force compels it to change its position. This property is called inertia.
● In simple words, inertia is the tendency of a body to remain in a state of rest or in
continuous motion.
● When the bottommost coin of the stack of coins is hit by the striker, then the other
coins will stay in a stack and only the bottommost coin will move forward. Here we
apply force only to the bottommost coin so it moves forward while the others remain
stationary.
● From the above two activities, we can say that objects at rest remain at rest if no
external force acts on them. This property of rest is called inertia of rest.

Discussion Item 2 – Inertia of motion

Leading questions

1. When we press the ball and funnel, they move down. When they are released, they
move up. But the ball moves more than the funnel. Why?
Discussion and explanation
● When we press the ball and funnel, both move down. When they are released, they
move up. But the ball moves more than the funnel. Why?
● Here, the funnel is connected to a spring, so when we press the funnel, the spring
gains potential energy. When the funnel is released, this is converted to kinetic
energy. This energy is used in the form of a force to push both the funnel and the ball.
But the funnel is stopped by the spring, while no external force is applied to the ball,
so the ball continues in its motion.
● This is called inertia of motion - the property that an object in motion will remain in
motion continuously unless an external force acts on it.

Daily Life Examples

1. Falling of leaves from the Tree.

2. Shutter the wet cloths.

Key Message

▪ In this activity, I/we learnt that An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in
motion remains in motion, unless acted on by an external force.

Do it yourself

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

Put a coin on your elbow. In one swift motion, bring your hand straight forward and try to
catch the coin before it drops. If you're fast (and lucky) enough, you will catch the coin
before gravity has a chance to bring it down.

Opportunity to ask questions: Gives opportunity to children to discuss and ask questions
after this activity.

Activity 2

Mode: Hands-on/Demonstration

Time: 30

Learning Objective: 2nd law of motion. The acceleration of an object as produced by a net
force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the
net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Advance Preparation

S. Material Number Required

N

1 Marble At least 1 per class

2 Digital clock or stopwatch 1 per class

3 Speed-Velocity model 1 per class

4 Measuring tape 1 per class

5 Observation sheets (sample in text below) 1 per group

6 Spring balance (0 - 200 gm) 1 per class

7 Steel plate 1 per class

Things to do

● In the previous Activity we learn about Inertia of Rest & motion.

Safety Precaution

● Use the car safely

Link to previous activity as part of logical flow

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

 ● We saw in the last demo that the kinetic energy of the spring was used in the form of a
force to push the funnel and ball. A force was applied to cause motion.
● Here, we will see how force and motion are related. We saw in the last demo that the
kinetic energy of the spring was used in the form of a force to push the funnel and ball.
A force was applied to cause motion. Here, we will see how force and motion are
related.

Prior knowledge check

● Have you done this activity before? If all/majority of the students have done the
activity, please skip the activity and discuss the key learning’s and go for next activity.
● What Newton’s second law or application?

Procedure

c. Control Set-up
● Calculate the acceleration the of marble with straight and curved path.

d. Activity
● This activity is an instructor demo where students will record their observations of the
demo. Divide students into groups, and distribute one observation sheet to each group.
Ask groups to record readings as the experiment is performed. Ask students to help
you complete the demonstration by taking time measurements.
● Lay the model on the floor of your classroom. Place a textbook under one end, so that
it lies at an angle. Place the steel plate at the base of the board.
● Assign one student to be in charge of keeping the time with the stopwatch.

● Release the marble at the top of the board, and measure the time from the top of the
board till the marble reaches the base.
● Repeat the trail three times and record the average time (t)

● Measure the distance along the board from top to the base (s)

● The acceleration of the marble while it is moving down the board is given by a = 2s/t2

● Find the mass of the marble using a spring balance. Record this mass (in kg) in your
observation tables. Now calculate the product of m and a. Record these values in your
tables.

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

 ● This experiment may be repeated for different inclinations.

Print the below sheet and share with student ask them note down all measurement.

Trial Distance Time t1 (s) Average Acceleration Mass m (kg) F = ma

s (m) time a (2s/t2)

WORKSHEET 4 – Newton’s second law

UNDERSTANDING THE ACTIVITY

Leading questions
1. Is the time measured the same for all the three trials?
2. Why does the marble start moving down when released from the top?
3. What does the last column in the table represent?
4. What change do you observe if the experiment is repeated for a larger inclination?

Discussion and Explanation

● The time measured is more or less the same for all three trials. This is why we are
able to use an average time in our calculations.
● When the marble is released from the top it is under the continuous the action of a
gravitational force, which is a part of its weight.
● It runs down with a uniform acceleration. Hence the time of journey from top to the
base would be the same for all the trials.
● S/t gives average velocity and 2s/t gives the final velocity at the base.
From the relation

v = u + at,

2s/t = 0 + at,

a = 2s/t2

● Thus the acceleration of the marble rolling down the plane is measurable

● From Newton’s second law, the force driving the marble down the plane is ,

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

 F = ma

m is known, a is measured and thus F is measured.

The last column in the table represents the force acting on the marble.

● On increasing the inclination, the gravitational force acting on the marble increases.
The acceleration measured also increases.

Daily Life Examples

1. You can catch the ball but you can’t catch the bullet.

Key Message

▪ In this activity, I/we learnt that Newton’s second law states that the quantity of a force
being applied to an object is equal to the product of the mass it acts on and the
acceleration it causes.

Do it yourself

1. Through a Brick and a stone in ground same side and check the distance between
them. The Brick will get sort distance and stone will get long distance.
2. Use toy cars, 3/8 inch washers, meter sticks and books to create an experiment with
multiple variables. Create a ramp (between 20cm to 30cm in height) using books and
three meter sticks that are taped together side-by-side. Place different amounts of
masses on the top of the toy cars. Roll the differently weighted cars down the ramp
one at a time, and record the time in seconds that it took for each car to completely
roll downhill. Conduct several trials by manipulating ramp heights while keeping the
mass constant. Create a data table, graph and a written paper detailing how your
experiment follows Newton's second law of motion.

Opportunity to ask questions: Gives opportunity to children to discuss and ask questions
after this activity.

Activity Promoting Higher Order Thinking

Mode: Demonstration

Time: 15

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

Learning Objective: Understanding the Newton’s third law, motion by Questioning Formulation
techniques.

Advance Preparation

Materials Required

S. No Materials R eq Qty

1 Pin 1 per class

2 Bending straw 2 per class

3. Cello tape 1 per class

4. Balloon 1per class

Things to do

● Make the system before start of the class.

Safety Precaution

● Use pin carefully ,don’t harm anyone in group

Prior knowledge check

● NA

Procedure

a. Control Set-up
● Rotate the horizontal straw which is attached with balloon and try to rotate the balloon
with inflating the balloon.

b. Activity
● Take a straw and attach a balloon in the other end with the help of cello tape & make
a model which is shown in fig then demonstrate the Activity.
● In middle of students then ask the participants to stand in a circle. Ask one of the
participants to become an observer and keep a
● Record of the questions asked. Let them count 1 to 30. Ask no 1 to ask a simple
Question related to Activity as to the person next to him/her. Tell no.2 to ask a
different question to no.3. Similarly no.3 to no.4 and let it continue till 30.

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

 ● Let the observer summarize the range of topics covered in the questions, whether any
particular subject.
● Dominate the questions, whether the first question promoted similarity in questions,
fluency/ease, etc.
● By using sticky mention
the 10 or best Questions on
blackboard answer
the Question.

Explain the Question as many you can.

Activity 4

Mode: Hands-on/Demonstration

Time: 20

Learning Objective: What is Newton Third Law and its application?

Advance Preparation

Materials Required

S.No Materials Req Qty

1 Straw 1 per class

2 Balloon 1 Pkt

3 Cello tape 1 per class

4 Thread 1 roll per class

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

Things to do

● NA

Safety Precaution

● Do not inflate the balloon until it bursts.

Link to previous activity as part of logical flow

● In the previous activity demonstrating Newton’s second law, we saw that Force = mass
x acceleration. In this section, we will see that any force causing an action is opposed
by an equal and opposite force causing a reaction to the action.

Prior knowledge check

● Have you done this activity before? If all/majority of the students have done the
activity, please skip the activity and discuss the key learnings and go for next activity.
● Do you know about Newton’s 3rd law and its application.

Procedure

a. Control Set-up
● Change the direction of straw and compare the relative motion of system.

b. Activity

Procedure
Divide students into groups, and have each group complete both the activity.

Balloon and straw

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

 FIGURE 6 – BALLOON AND STRAW ACTIVITY

● Take a thread of 5 meters and insert it through the straw as shown in the figure above.

● Ask two students from each group to hold the thread at each end, horizontally.

● Inflate a balloon and tie it tight at the neck with string so that air does not escape. Fix
the inflated balloon to the straw using cello tape.
● Remove the string from the neck of the balloon and see what happens.

UNDERSTANDING THE ACTIVITY

Balloon and straw

Leading questions
1. What happened to the balloon and straw as you released the air?
2. Why did the balloon and straw move along the thread?
Discussion and Explanation
● When the string is untied, air starts rushing out of the balloon.
This causes the walls of the balloon to collapse, which in turn exerts force on the
escaping air.

● This escaping air exerted a force on the balloon – but the force was exerted in the
opposite direction. This opposing force causes the balloon to move in the opposite
direction from the escaping air along the string.

Daily Life Examples

1. Firing of a bullet: When a bullet is shot from a gun, the gun puts a force on the bullet
that propels it forward. In the backward direction, the bullet exerts an equal force on
the rifle.
2. Newton’s 3rd law of motion states that action and reaction are always equal but
opposite in direction.
3. Common examples of Newton’s third law of motion are: A horse pulls a cart, a person
walks on the ground, a hammer pushes a nail, magnets attract paper clip. In all these
examples a force exerted on one object and that force is exerted by another object.

Key Message

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

 ▪ In this activity, i/we learnt that Newton’s third law states that every action exists with
an equal and opposite reaction. When two objects interact with each other, the force
exerted by the first object on the second is referred to as action. The reaction force is
the force exerted by the second body on the first body. Therefore, the action and
reaction are opposite and equal in magnitude.

Do it yourself

● Take Set of 3 Tins of the same size with holes at bottom; all the tins have two holes
diametrically opposite near the top. Strings are passed through these holes, so that the
tin can be held up over a basin of water.
● Tin 1 will have two holes pierced diametrically opposite each other near the base.

● Tin 2 will have two tangential holes pierced diametrically opposite each other near the
base. The holes are pierced in such a way that water will flow out in opposite
directions.
● Tin 3 will have two pairs of tangential holes pierced diametrically opposite each other
near the base, so there are four holes at 90 degree.

Opportunity to ask questions: Gives opportunity to children to discuss and ask questions
after this activity.

Super start Activity will linked here

Story

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

(Story should be narrated at appropriate time as per flow of the session. Instructors may feel
free to share the story at any appropriate time as per session flow).

Time: 2 - 4 minutes

Narrate the following story to the students

The first rocket was invented around 1100 AD in China. These rockets used solid propellants
and were mainly used as weapons and fireworks. It was not until the 1920s that rocket
societies emerged, and by the 1930s and 1940s professional rocket engineering took off.
Three pioneers began working independently on developing rockets to reach space.
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Hermann Oberth were the first to work out many essential
principles and to realize the rocket was the means to travel into space. This sparked interests
in rocketry and space travel. In 1926, Robert Goddard launched the world’s first liquid-
propellant rocket. Due to secrecy, the 1926 rocket did not have much influence on the later
developments. The first long range ballistic missile was the V-2, which was built by the
Germans in 1942 and was used against allied cities during World War II. The US and the
USSR used the V-2 as a basis for developing their own large rockets. Later these
intercontinental ballistic missiles were modified to launch spacecraft and astronauts in to
space.

Q. What is the Learning from this story.

Super Finish

a. Consolidation

Ask the students to share what they learnt from the beginning of the session. Once students
share, consolidate the key messages of all the activities by saying that “In this session we
learnt

Activity 1: An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion,
unless acted on by an external force.

Activity 2:

Newton’s second law states that the quantity of a force being applied to an object is equal to
the product of the mass it acts on and the acceleration it causes.

Activity 3: Newton’s third law states that every action exists with an equal and opposite
reaction.

Activity 4: When two objects interact with each other, the force exerted by the first object on
the second is referred to as action. The reaction force is the force exerted by the second body
on the first body. Therefore, the action and reaction are opposite and equal in magnitude.

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

b. Evaluation

After consolidation, run the quiz to check the students learning. You may shuffle or continue
with the same groups. Ensure that each groups gets at least 3 rounds of questions.

Quiz Questions

Questions:-Quiz

1 what is Newton’s 3rd law?

2 what is Newton’s 1st law?

3 what is Newton’s 2nd law?

4 If a bus starts suddenly the passenger in the bus will tend to fall?

5 An athletic run some distance before taking a long jump because?

6 A rider on a horseback fall back when horse start running all of a sudden because?

7 Inertia is a property of a body by virtue of which the body is......?

8 The SI unit of force....?

9 Newton’s law of motion gives the measurement of.....?

10 A rocket engine or jet work on the principle of....?

11 m/s^2 is the unit of.....?

12 The rate of change of momentum is equal to

13. A goalkeeper in a football game pulls his hands backwards after holding the ball shot at
the goal. This enables the goalkeeper to

14. Which of the following Newton’s laws of motion can be used to calculate the force on a
body?

15. Which of the following Newton’s laws of motion can be used to determine the Reaction
forces on a body?

16. Which among the following is the correct mathematical representation of Newton’s
second law of motion?

17. In still water, when a person walks on a boat, what will happen to the boat’s motion?

18. Which among the following activities is not an example of the third law of motion?

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

19. Explain why a cricketer moves his hands backwards while holding a catch?

20.On which principal rocket propulsion will works ?

Answer Key

Ans.1 every action have equal and opposite reaction. ,

Ans.2 Unable to change by itself the state of rest or uniform motion in a state line. ,

Ans.3 Rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to force. ,

Ans.4 Inertia of rest. ,

Ans.5 Inertia of motion,

Ans.6 Inertia of rest. ,

Ans.7 Unable to change by itself the state of rest or uniform motion in a state line. ,

Ans.8 Newton,

Ans.9 Force,

Ans.10 Newton’s 3rd. Law. ,

Ans.11 Acceleration,

Ans .13 Decrease the rate of change of momentum

Ans .14 Second Law of motion

Ans.15. Third Law of motion

Ans.16. F = m*a

Ans 17. Boat will move backwards

Ans 18 . Skiing

Ans 19. A cricketer moves his hand to increase the impact of the ball that is shot by the
batsman, so that the force of the ball gets reduced to a comfortable limit without causing
injury to the hands.

Ans 20. Rocket propulsion is defined as The force that is used by the rocket to take off from
the ground and into the atmosphere. The principle on which rocket propulsion works is based
on Newton’s third law of motion. Here, the fuel is forcibly ejected from the exit such that an
equal and opposite reaction occurs.

Wrapping up

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

After completing the session, thank all the students for their active participation and remind
about the DIYs mentioned in the session.

Do it yourself activities

DIY 1

● Put a coin on your elbow. In one swift motion, bring your hand straight forward and
try to catch the coin before it drops. If you're fast (and lucky) enough, you will catch
the coin before gravity has a chance to bring it down.
DIY 2

● Use toy cars, 3/8 inch washers, meter sticks and books to create an experiment with
multiple variables. Create a ramp (between 20cm to 30cm in height) using books and
three meter sticks that are taped together side-by-side. Place different amounts of
masses on the top of the toy cars. Roll the differently weighted cars down the ramp
one at a time, and record the time in seconds that it took for each car to completely
roll downhill. Conduct several trials by manipulating ramp heights while keeping the
mass constant. Create a data table, graph and a written paper detailing how your
experiment follows Newton's second law of motion.
DIY 3

● Through a Brick and a stone in ground same side and check the distance between
them. The Brick will get sort distance and stone will get long distance.

DIY 4

● Take Set of 3 Tins of the same size with holes at bottom; all the tins have two holes
diametrically opposite near the top. Strings are passed through these holes, so that the
tin can be held up over a basin of water.
● Tin 1 will have two holes pierced diametrically opposite each other near the base.

● Tin 2 will have two tangential holes pierced diametrically opposite each other near the
base. The holes are pierced in such a way that water will flow out in opposite
directions.
● Tin 3 will have two pairs of tangential holes pierced diametrically opposite each other
near the base, so there are four holes at 90 degree.

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th

Observation Sheets/templates/any reference documents and sheets

Trial Distance Time t1 (s) Average Acceleration Mass m (kg) F = ma

s (m) time a (2s/t2)

Session plan on Newton’s laws of motion for Class 9th