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Indian Institute of Technology, Kbaragpur ~) 1

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Date: FN/AN Time: 3 hrs Full Marks: 50; No. Ofstudents:34 Autumn/Spring Semester, 2010-
2011; Department of Year B. Tech/M.Tech; S u b . \

Instructions: 1. Attempt all questions; 2. Assume any required data.; 3. Symbols indicate usual 1
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meaning; 4. Open book & notes

1. Answer in short (1 or 2 sentences):

30x1=30

(i) Name one separation process that requires energy input to the system.

(i1) What is the driving force of mass transfer?

(iii) Name two equilibrium governing separation processes.

(iv) What is driving force for dialysis?

(v) What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric membrane?

(vi) What is the relationship of osmotic pressure with concentration and molecular weights?

(vii) What is the relationship between observed and real retention?

(viii) What is Zeta potential?

(ix) What is the condition ofDebye-Huckel approximation?

(x) What is the scaling length of electric double layer?

(xi) ln gas separation by membrane, why gas film resistance is negligible?

(xii) ln gas separation which resistance is dominating?

(xiii) Counter current model in gas separation is like

(a) CSTR (b) PFR (c) CSTR+PFR

(xiv) How concentration of surfactant change on addition of salt?

(b) Anionic (c) Non ionic

(xv) Cloud point temperature exists for (a) Cationic
surfactants

(xvi) Cloud point temperature ofTX114 is higher or lower than that of TXlOO?

(xvii)For a centrifuge of radius 0.07m and rpm 10000, find out centrifugal force develcped.

(xviii) What is physical interpretation of:l: value?

(xix) What is disadvantage of gas liquid chromatography?

(xx) What is the common stationary phase in HPLC?

(xxi) What is a shockwave?

(xii) What is water softening?

(xiii) At isoelectric pH, protein is

(a) Positively charged (b) Negatively charged (c) Neutral

(xiv) What major proBlems in electrophoresis arises due to joule heating effects?

(xxv) How joule heating is prevented in electrophoresis?

(xxvi) Name 4 desirable properties of supercritical fluids?

(xxvii) What is drawback of C02 as supercritical fluid?

(xxviii) What is disadvantage ofNO as supercritical fluid?

(xix) What is disadvantage of H20 as supercritical fluid?

(xxx) Name one modifier and mention its role.

2. Consider filtration of 5 kg/m 3 concentration of ultrafiltration is gel layer controlled with gel
concentration of 150 kg/m3. Filtration occurs in a tube of diameter 25 mm and length lm. The flow rate is
150 Llh, protein diffusivity is 3xl o- 11 m2/s. Find the permeate flux? (5)

3. Consider reverse osmosis of salt solution at a concentration of 10 kg/m3, in a thin

3
channel oflength 2m and equivalent diameter of2 mm. The membrane permeability is 2x10- 12 m /(N-
s). The real retention is 0.95. M =2500 kPa and u0=1.0 rn/s. The osmotic pressure of salt is
n(pa)=85000c (c is in kg/m3 ) and salt diffusivity is 1.5xl0-9 m2/s. Find the permeate flux and
concentration assuming a film theory? (10)

4. A protein solution in 0.05M NaCl is ultrafiltered with mass transfer coefficient

8x1 o·5 rn/s. Filtration is gel layer controlled with ;gel concentration of 100 kg/m 3 and

feed concentration 1 kg/m3 • Charge on protein is Se and radius is 7 nm.

(a) What is permeate flux? (b) If 500 V/m external electric field is applied, what is permeate flux? (10)

5. For complete mixing model in case of gas separation, find maximum composition of

reject stream if, a*= 10; (5)