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• (1)
• Where:- is Modeling constant
• is smallest distance b/n two ions
For a simple crystal, modelung
constant is b/n 1.6 to 1.8.
Thus, from equation(1) is attractive
force b/n the ions. But, ions are
exhibits repulsive forces, w/c increase
with the as distance decreases.
• (3)
(5)
12/3/2023 Collected by Tadese D.(MSC>) 26
Cont…
• Substitute eqn (5) in into eqn(4), we will get:-
)} (6)
/
/
since,
/
Then, is the energy released density binding.
There are
• Coulomb force: This is the major
three contribution to the cohesion of a
forces solid; it is the attractive force
between electrons and the nuclei.
responsible • Magnetic force: This has a weak
for the contribution to cohesion.
• Gravitational force: It has a
cohesion of negligible contribution to cohesion.
a solid:
12/3/2023 Collected by Tadese D.(MSC>) 32
Thank You !