AUTOMATIC RAIN OPERATED WIPER AND

HEAD LIGHT DIM/BRIGHT CONTROLLER

PHASE I REPORT

Submitted by

ABHIRAM S S
Reg No: 711622410001

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

MASTER OF ENGINEERING
in
MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

KATHIR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

COIMBATORE – 641 062

ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI

MARCH - 2024
 ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “AUTOMATIC RAIN OPERATED

WIPER AND HEAD LIGHT DIM/BRIGHT CONTROLLER” is the bonafide

work of ABHIRAM S S (Reg No: 711622410001) who carried out the project

work under my supervision for the course M.E Manufacturing Engineering

during II-year/III semester of the academic year 2023-2024.

SIGNATURE
DR.B.SURESH BABU
Professor
Head of the Department
Kathir College of Engineering
Wisdom Tree, Neelambur
Coimbatore – 641 062
SIGNATURE
DR.B.SURESH BABU
Professor
Head of the Department
Kathir College of Engineering
Wisdom Tree, Neelambur
Coimbatore – 641 062

Submitted for the Project Viva-Voce examination held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my beloved

Parents for their blessings and wishes for the successful completion of this project.

I extend my sincere thanks to Thiru.E.S.KATHIR Chairman,

Tmt.LAVANYA KATHIR Secretary, KATHIR institutions, for their blessings
and wishes for the successful completion of this project.

I convey my kind regards and sincere thanks to our beloved Principal

Dr.R.UDAIYAKUMAR, M.E., Ph.D., who provided his kind concern for doing
this project and provided suitable environment to work with.

I accord my sincere and heartfelt thanks to our beloved Professor and Head,
Department of Mechanical Engineering Dr.B.SURESH BABU, M.E., Ph.D., for
his valuable suggestions, guidance and constructive criticism he had rendered
throughout the course of the project.

I am greatly indebted to be the project coordinator and supervisor

Dr.B.SURESH BABU, ME.,Ph.D., Professor Department of Mechanical
Engineering for his healthy support throughout the project.

I thank all the Teaching and Non-Teaching staff members of the department
for providing us the technical support during the project execution.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

NO.

ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF FIGURES v

INTRODUCTION
I
1 Introduction 1

1.1 Description of parts 3

1.2 Rear Wipers 3

1.3 Headlight Wipers 3

AUTOMATIC RAIN OPERATED WIPER AND 5

II
HEAD LIGHT DIM/BRIGHT CONTROLLER

III LIST OF COMPONENTS USEDTO PROJECT 6

6
3 Introduction
3.1 Wiper Motor 6

3.2 Sensor 9
3.3 Dim/Bright Head Light 10
3.4 Battery
11
3.5 LDR Sensor 12

IV LITERATURE SURVEY 14
V SUMMARY 16
 5.1 Merits 16
5.2 Applications 17
VI REFERENCES 18
VII SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK 19
 ABSTRACT

The Automatic Rain Operated Wiper and Headlight Dim/Bright Controller is a

sophisticated automotive system designed to enhance driving safety and convenience. This

system integrates rain-sensing technology with intelligent headlight control, ensuring optimal

visibility in varying weather conditions.

The rain-operated wiper function utilizes sensors to detect precipitation on the windshield.

Upon detection, the system activates the wipers automatically, adjusting their speed based on

the intensity of the rainfall. This feature ensures that the driver can maintain a clear view of

the road without manual intervention.

Simultaneously, the headlight dim/bright controller component dynamically adjusts the

vehicle's headlights based on ambient light conditions. During low-light scenarios or when

the rain sensor activates the wipers, the system enhances visibility by automatically switching

to brighter headlights. Conversely, in well-lit conditions, the headlights are adjusted to a

dimmer setting, minimizing glare for both the driver and oncoming vehicles.

The integration of these functionalities enhances driving safety by providing optimal visibility

in adverse weather conditions while minimizing distractions for the driver. This automatic

control system contributes to a more comfortable and secure driving experience, particularly

during inclement weather.

 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

Figure 1.1. Automatic Rain Operated Wiper 4

Figure 1.2. Automatic Dim/Bright Control 4

Figure 2.1 Automatic Rain Operated Wiper and Headlight 5

Dim/Bright Controller
Wiper Motor
Figure 3.1 6

Figure 3.2 Sensor 9

Dim/Bright Headlight
Figure 3.3 10

Figure 3.4 Battery 11

LDR Battery
Figure 3.5 12
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I have pleasure in introducing my new project “AUTOMATIC RAIN

OPERATED WIPER AND HEAD LIGHT DIM/BRIGHT CONTROLLER”, which is

fully equipped by sensors circuit, dim/bright light and wiper motor.

It is a genuine project which is fully equipped and designed for Automobile vehicles.

This forms an integral part of best quality. This product underwent strenuous test in our

Automobile vehicles and it is good. The Automatic rain operated wiper and head light

dim/bright control system is a fully automation project.

This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual effort

by mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation remains an essential part of

the system although with changing demands on physical input as the degree of mechanization

is increased.

Degrees of automation are of two types, viz.

❖ Full automation.

❖ Semi automation.

1
 In semi automation a combination of manual effort and mechanical power is required

whereas in full automation human participation is very negligible.

Figure 1.1. Automatic Rain Operated Wiper Figure 1.2. Automatic Dim/Bright Control

2
1.1 Description of Parts

Rain operated wiper contains the following parts,

1. Conductive Sensor

2. Class frame and Supporting Structure

3. Wiper Motor and its arrangement

1.2 Rear wipers

Some vehicles are fitted with wipers (with or without washers) on the back

window as well. Rear-window wipers are typically found on hatchbacks, station wagons /

estates, sport utility vehicles, minivans, and other vehicles with more vertically-oriented

rear windows that tend to accumulate dust.

1.3 Headlight wipers

In the 1960s, as interest in auto safety grew, engineers began researching various

headlamp cleaning systems. In late 1968, Chevrolet introduced high pressure fluid

headlamp washers on a variety of their 1969 models. In 1970, Saab Automobile

introduced headlight wipers across their product range. These operated on a horizontal

reciprocating mechanism, with a single motor. They were later superseded by a radial

spindle action wiper mechanism, with individual motors on each headlamp. In 1972,

headlamp cleaning systems became mandatory in Sweden.

3
 Headlamp wipers have all but disappeared today with most modern designs relying

solely on pressurized fluid spray to clean the headlights. This reduces manufacturing

cost, minimizes aerodynamic drag, and complies with EU regulations limiting headlamp

wiper use to glass-lensed units only (the majority of lenses today are made of plastic.)

4
 CHAPTER II

BLOCK DIAGRAM

2. Introduction

Fig 2.1 Automatic Rain Operated Wiper and Headlight Dim/Bright Controller

5
 CHAPTER III

LIST OF COMPONENTS USED TO PROJECT

3. Introduction

1. DIM/BRIGHT LIGHT

2. WIPER MOTOR

3. FIBER GLASS FRAME

4. BATTERY

5. WIPER

6. TOUCH SENSOR

7. FRAME STAND

8. CONNECTING WIRE

9. LDR SENSOR

3.1 WIPER MOTOR

Fig 3.1 Wiper Motor

6
 A windscreen wiper or windshield wiper is a device used to remove rain, snow,

ice and debris from a windscreen or windshield. Almost all motor vehicles, including

cars, trucks, train locomotives, watercraft with a cabin and some aircraft, are equipped

with such wipers, which are usually a legal requirement.

A wiper generally consists of a metal arm, pivoting at one end and with a long

rubber blade attached to the other. The arm is powered by a motor, often an electric

motor, although pneumatic power is also used in some vehicles. The blade is swung back

and forth over the glass, pushing water or other precipitation from its surface. The speed

is normally adjustable, with several continuous speeds and often one or more

"intermittent" settings. Most automobiles use two synchronized radial type arms, while

many commercial vehicles use one or more pantograph arms.

On some vehicles, a windshield washer system is also used. This system sprays

water or an antifreeze window washer fluid at the windshield using several nozzles. The

windshield washer system helps to remove dirt or dust from the windshield when it is

used in concert with the wiper blades. When antifreeze windshield washer fluid is used, it

can help the wipers to remove snow or ice.

For winter conditions, some vehicles have additional heaters aimed at the

windows or embedded heating wire in the glass. These defroster systems help to keep

7
snow and ice from building up on the windshield. In rare cases, miniature wipers are

installed on headlights.

Wipers may be powered by a variety of means, although most in use today are

powered by an electric motor through a series of mechanical components, typically two

4-bar linkages in series or parallel.

Vehicles with air operated brakes sometimes use pneumatic wipers, powered by

tapping a small amount of pressurized air from the brake system to a small air operated

motor mounted on or just above the windscreen. These wipers are activated by opening a

valve which allows pressurized air to enter the motor.

Early wipers were often driven by a vacuum motor powered by manifold vacuum.

This had the drawback that manifold vacuum varies depending on throttle position, and is

almost non-existent under wide-open throttle, when the wipers would slow down or even

stop. This problem was overcome somewhat by using a combined fuel/vacuum booster

pump.

8
3.2 SENSOR

Fig 3.2 Sensor

In the broadest definition, a sensor is an object whose purpose is to detect events

or changes in its environment, and then provide a corresponding output. A sensor is a type

of transducer; sensors may provide various types of output, but typically use electrical or

optical signals. For example, a thermocouple generates a known voltage (the output) in

response to its temperature (the environment). A mercury-in-glass thermometer,

similarly, converts measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid,

which can be read on a calibrated glass tube.

Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile

sensor) and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base, besides innumerable

applications of which most people are never aware. A sensor's sensitivity indicates how

much the sensor's output changes when the input quantity being measured changes.

9
 A water touch sensor is a device that can detect the presence of water or moisture by

coming into direct contact with it. These sensors are often used in various applications,

including automotive systems, home appliances, and industrial settings. The sensor typically

consists of two conductive surfaces, and when water bridges the gap between these surfaces,

it creates a conductive path. This change in conductivity is then detected by the sensor,

triggering a response or alert. In automotive contexts, water touch sensors might be used to

activate features like automatic windshield wipers when rain is detected on the windshield.

3.3 DIM/BRIGHT LIGHT

Fig 3.3 Dim/Bright Light

10
 Dim and Bright lights typically refer to the headlights. Dim lights are used for

regular driving conditions to illuminate the road without causing glare to oncoming traffic.

Bright lights, often called high beams, provide a stronger and wider illumination and are used

when there is no oncoming traffic or in situations where additional visibility is needed, such

as on dark, unlit roads. It's important to switch between dim and bright lights responsibly to

ensure safety on the road.

Automatic dim/bright control in vehicles serves the purpose of enhancing driver

safety and comfort. This feature adjusts the brightness of interior and exterior lights based on

external conditions, such as ambient light levels and oncoming traffic. It helps prevent glare,

improves visibility during night driving, and minimizes distraction, contributing to an overall

safer driving experience.

3.4 BATTERY

Fig 3.4 Battery

11
 The battery is a crucial component that stores electrical energy and supplies power to

start the engine. It also provides electricity for various vehicle systems when the engine is not

running. The battery is rechargeable and is typically charged by the alternator while the

engine is running. Additionally, the battery plays a role in powering accessories such as lights,

radio, and other electrical components when the engine is off. It serves as a vital source of

electrical energy to ensure proper functioning of the vehicle's electrical systems.

The battery in automotive dim/bright control systems powers the electronic

components responsible for adjusting light levels. It provides the necessary energy for

sensors, controllers, and actuators to function, ensuring the automatic dimming and

brightening of lights based on environmental factors. This helps optimize energy usage,

enhance vehicle safety, and improve overall driving comfort.

3.5 LDR SENSOR

Fig 3.5 LDR Sensor

12
 An LDR sensor, or Light Dependent Resistor sensor, is a type of electronic

component that changes its resistance based on the intensity of light falling on it. Also known

as a photoresistor, an LDR belongs to the family of resistors whose resistance decreases as the

light intensity increases, and vice versa.

The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor in automatic dim/bright controllers

serves the purpose of detecting ambient light levels. By measuring the surrounding

brightness, the LDR sensor allows the controller to adjust the vehicle's lights accordingly.

When it's dark, the system can automatically activate brighter lights for improved visibility,

while in well-lit conditions, it dims the lights to prevent glare and conserve energy. This

contributes to both safety and energy efficiency in automotive lighting systems.

13
 CHAPTER – IV

LITERATURE SURVEY

4. Introduction

As there is a progress in Sensors and the Internet-of-Things technology, gadgets

will be able to behave autonomously and with minimal manual efforts. The research people

are looking at a number of existing systems and trying to figure out how to improve their

functionality or limits. Researchers are aiming to find technologies that are prohibitively

high-cost and out of reach for the common individual, in order to develop a more cost-

effective solution for humanity's ever-growing needs.

IoT's capabilities aren't limited to a single field, and it out performs other traditional

ways in a variety of life-saving applications. Health care, emergency services, and first aid are

all included. A recent poll found that the number of accidents is higher between the hours of 6

p.m. and 6 a.m. than during the day. The sun causes momentary driver blindness, which is the

most common cause of these collisions. A study found that risks of an injury are high

compared to a typical rainy or foggy day We are primarily concerned with avoiding such

blunders depending on whether or not fog lights are present. A few technologies are already

available in luxury vehicles, but their implementation in mass-market vehicles is prohibitively

expensive.

Prajakta Chapakanade [1] et al., explains the automatic rain operated wipers and

dimmer for vehicles. In modern days, the accidents are most common in vehicles. One of

the reasons for these accidents is glare of light faced by the driver, coming from the

14
opposite side of the vehicle. In rainy seasons for many vehicles, the wiper on the

windshield has to be controlled manually by the driver. This causes distraction while

driving. The main aim of the project is to prevent the distractions to the driver of a

vehicle. The principle of conductivity is used for the working of wiper sensor. The

programmed microcontroller is used to actuate the wiper motor. The principle of LDR is

used so that when a high intense light falls on vehicle, the lower dimmer will be turned

on and when low intense beam of light is detected then the upper dimmer is switched on.

K. V. Viswanadh [2] et al., an era of automation where it is broadly defined as

replacement of manual effort by mechanical power in all degrees of automation. Now a

day’s almost all the automobile vehicles are being atomized in order to reduce human

efforts. The AUTOMATIC RAIN OPERATED WIPER system is a fully automation

project. This is a genuine project which is designed for automobile vehicles and is fully

equipped by sensor circuit and wiper motor. This project work includes design and

development of a control system based on electronically controlled automotive rain

operated motor called AUTOMATIC RAIN OPERATED WIPER.

DIM/BRIGHT

15
 CHAPTER – V

SUMMARY

5. Introduction

Automatic wiper and dim/bright control systems in vehicles enhance safety,

comfort, and energy efficiency. The automatic wiper system utilizes rain sensors to adjust

wiper speed based on precipitation levels, ensuring optimal visibility during varying weather

conditions. On the other hand, the dim/bright control system employs light sensors to regulate

interior and exterior lighting, adapting to ambient light levels. These systems aim to improve

driver safety by minimizing distractions, preventing glare, and optimizing visibility.

Additionally, they contribute to energy efficiency by adjusting lighting based on

environmental factors, enhancing overall driving experience and reducing the burden on the

driver in challenging conditions.

5.1 MERITS
1. Low cost automation project.

2. Less power consumption

3. Operating principle is very easy.

4. Installation is simplified very much.

5. Less time and more profit.

6. Reduces human effort by modifying the wind shield.

7. Makes the windshield free from wear adjustment.

16
 8. Avoids the glare of light faced by the driver during night driving.

9. Reduces the accidents caused by ‘toiler effect’.

5.2 APPLICATIONS

1. Four Wheelers

2. Two Wheelers

3. Three Wheelers

17
 CHAPTER – VI

REFERENCES

[1] Prajakta Chapakanade, Pooja Gangurde , Siddhesh Peje , D.R.Shende ,

“Automatic Rain Operated Wiper And Dimmer For Vehicle”, International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology , Volume: 03 , Issue: 04, Apr-2016
.

[2] K. V. Viswanadh Ch. Siva Sankara Babu J. Leela Krishna A. Lala Bahadur, “Design
& Fabrication of Rain Operated Wiper Mechanism using Conductive Sensor
Circuit”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 4 Issue
01,January-2015.

[3] www.wikipedia.org

18
 CHAPTER – VII

SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

7. Introduction

The future work on automatic wiper and dim/bright controller systems could focus

on several aspects to further enhance their performance, efficiency, and integration.

In the future, automatic wiper systems will seamlessly integrate with automatic dim/bright

controllers, creating a more comprehensive and intelligent automotive experience. Advanced

sensor technologies will enhance rain detection accuracy, allowing the wiper system to

dynamically adjust speed based on precipitation levels. Simultaneously, automatic dim/bright

controllers will utilize sophisticated light sensors to optimize interior and exterior lighting,

adapting to ambient conditions.

Machine learning algorithms will play a pivotal role, enabling these systems to learn from

diverse driving scenarios and user preferences. The integration will prioritize human-centric

design, offering intuitive interfaces with customizable settings. Smart connectivity and IoT

integration will empower these systems to access real-time data, providing more informed

decisions in response to changing environmental factors.

Energy-efficient solutions will be a focal point, exploring technologies to minimize power

consumption while maintaining optimal system performance. The collaboration with

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) will contribute to a holistic safety network

within vehicles.

19
Furthermore, adaptive lighting systems will evolve, dynamically adjusting light patterns to

enhance visibility under various driving conditions. Robust cybersecurity measures will

safeguard these interconnected systems, ensuring a secure and trustworthy driving

experience. Personalization will be key, allowing users to create profiles that tailor automatic

wiper and dim/bright settings to individual preferences.

As these advancements unfold, the future of automatic wiper and dim/bright controller

systems promises a more sophisticated, user-friendly, and interconnected driving experience,

contributing to enhanced safety, comfort, and energy efficiency on the roads

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