A

Mini-Project report
on
“ANTI SLEEP ALARM FOR DRIVERS USING ARDUINO
NANO”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering
in
Electronics and Communication Engineering

Submitted by

VINAYAK K MANNUR 2GO20EC052

Under the Guidance of

Prof. PRASHANTHI. H. J MTech.

Assistant Professor

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

HAVERI- 581 110
DEPARTMENT
OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

2022-2023
 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
HAVERI - 581 110
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

Certificate
This is to certify that the Mini-project work entitled “ANTI SLEEP ALARM FOR
DRIVERS USING ARDUINO NANO” carried out by VINAYAK K MANNUR 2GO20EC052
is bonafide student of Government Engineering College, Haveri in partial fulfillment for the
award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering of the
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the year 2022-2023. The Mini project
report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of the Mini project
work prescribed for the said Degree.

.................................................. ..................................................
Signature of Guide Mini-Project Coordinator
Prof. PRASHANTHI. H. J M.Tech. Prof. SUMANGALA. G S M.Tech..
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor

................................................. ..................................................
Head of the Department Principal
Dr. JAYAPRAKASHA.H M.Tech.,Ph.D.,MISTE Dr. JAGADISH KORI. M.E, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Examiners:
1.___________________________________________ _____________________
2.___________________________________________ _____________________

DATE :

PLACE:
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI-590018

DECLARATION
I, VINAYAK K MANNUR, USN-2GO20EC052, the student of 6th semester
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government
Engineering College, Haveri hereby declare that the mini project report titled “ANTI SLEEP
ALARM FOR DRIVERS USING ARDUINO NANO” has been prepared and presented by me
and submitted in partial fulfillment of the course Requirements for the award of degree in Bachelor
of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi during the year 2022-2023. Further, the content of the report has been
submitted previously for the award of any degree or diploma to any other University.

Place: Haveri

VINAYAK K MANNUR
2GO20EC052
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page No.

Acknowledgment i

Abstract ii

List of Figures iii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. 1

1.1 PREAMBLE 1

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 2

1.3 OBJECTIVES 2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. 3

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY. 4

3.1 COMPONENTS REQUIRED 4

3.1.1 HARDWARE REQUIRED 4

3.1.2 SOFTWARE REQUIRED 8

3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 10

3.3 FLOW CHART 11

3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 12

3.5 WORKING PRINCIPLE 13

CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION. 14

RESULT AND DISCUSSION. 14

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE. 16

5.1 CONCLUSION 16

5.2 FUTURE SCOPE 16

APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES. 17

REFERENCES
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Completing any Mini Project brings a sense of satisfaction, but it is never complete without
thanking those who made it possible and whose constant support has crowned our efforts with
success.

We would specially thank our Mini Project guide Prof. PRASHANTHI. H. J, Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering for his/her expert guidance, encouragement, and
valuable suggestions at every step.

We would like to thank Prof. SUMANGALA. G. S, the Mini-Project Coordinator, and the
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department faculty members for their continuous
support and guidance to carry out the Project work.

We would also like to express our gratitude to Dr. JAYAPRAKASHA. H, Head of the
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for encouraging and inspiring us to
carry out the Mini-Project.

We would like to thank Dr. JAGADISH KORI, Principal of Government Engineering College
Haveri for their continuous support and constant encouragement to carry out the Mini- Project.

We are extremely happy to acknowledge and express our sincere gratitude to our Parents, Staff,
and friends who gave us constant support and encouragement, and well wishes for their help and
co-operation and solution to problems during the Mini Project.

BHARGAV M P 2GO20EC010
KARTHIK B K 2GO20EC016
VINAYAK K MANNUR 2GO20EC052

i
 ABSTRACT

Drowsy driving is a critical issue that poses significant risks to road safety worldwide. To
address this problem, an anti-sleep alarm for drivers has been developed as a proactive solution.
This alarm system utilizes advanced technology to monitor driver fatigue levels and alert them
when signs of drowsiness are detected. By employing various sensors and algorithms, the device
accurately assesses driver fatigue through indicators such as eye movement. Once fatigue is
detected, the alarm triggers audible, ensuring that the driver remains alert and focused on the
road. This abstract provides a concise overview of the anti-sleep alarm, emphasizing its potential
in reducing the occurrence of accidents caused by drowsy driving.

ii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Sl no Title of figures Page No

3.1.1 Eye Blink Sensor. 4
3.1.2 Arduino Nano Board. 5
3.1.3 Buzzer. 6
3.1.4 Circuit Diagram of Buzzer. 6
3.1.5 Relay Module. 7
3.1.6 Dual Shaft DC Motor. 8
3.2.1 Block Diagram of Anti-Sleep Alarm. 10
3.4.1 Flow chart of Anti Sleep Alarm. 12
3.5.1 Circuit Diagram of Anti Sleep Alarm. 13
4.1 After closing the eye. 14
4.2 Before opening the eye. 15
4.3 A Proposed Model. 15

iii
ANTI SLEEP ALARM FOR DRIVERS USING ARDUINO NANO GEC HAVERI

CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PREAMBLE

An anti-sleep alarm for drivers is a safety device that can alert a driver when they are
feeling drowsy and at risk of falling asleep while driving. One way to implement such a system
is by using an Arduino Nano and an eye blink sensor.
The eye blink sensor is a type of sensor that detects eye blinks and measures the duration
of the blink. By monitoring the frequency and duration of eye blinks, the system can determine
whether the driver is alert or drowsy. If the system detects that the driver is drowsy, it can trigger
an alarm to alert the driver to take a break. When the eye blink sensor detects that the driver is
getting drowsy, the Arduino Nano will start monitoring the obstacle sensor. If an obstacle is
detected, the alarm will be triggered to alert the driver. If no obstacle is detected, the system will
wait for a certain amount of time before triggering the alarm to avoid false alarms.
Driving is an essential part of our daily lives, enabling us to travel efficiently and reach
our destinations. However, prolonged periods behind the wheel can lead to fatigue and
drowsiness, which pose significant risks to both the driver and others on the road. According to
studies, drowsy driving is a major cause of accidents worldwide. To combat this issue,
technology has come to the rescue with the introduction of anti-sleep alarms for drivers.
The primary purpose of an anti-sleep alarm is to prevent accidents caused by driver
fatigue. When a driver starts to show signs of drowsiness, such as frequent blinking or erratic
driving patterns, the alarm detects these symptoms and issues a warning signal. This signal can
be in the form of a loud sound the driver's attention and reminding them to stay alert and focused
on the road.
The implementation of anti-sleep alarms has proven to be an effective measure in
reducing accidents caused by driver fatigue. These devices not only protect the driver but also
contribute to overall road safety. With their ability to detect signs of drowsiness in real-time and
provide timely alerts, anti-sleep alarms have become an indispensable tool for long-haul truckers,
night-shift workers, and anyone who spends extended periods behind the wheel.

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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Driver fatigue is one of the major causes of road accidents worldwide. To address this
problem, an anti-sleep alarm using an Arduino Nano can be designed. The aim of this project is
to develop a device that can detect the drowsiness of the driver and alert them before they fall
asleep while driving. Sleepiness while driving is a common problem that can have serious
consequences. It is estimated that drowsy driving is responsible for up to 6,000 fatal crashes each
year in the United States alone. Some common signs that a driver may be sleepy include yawning
frequently, feeling drowsy or fatigued, having trouble focusing on the road, and drifting in and
out of lanes. If you experience any of these symptoms while driving, it is important to take action
to avoid a potential accident.

1.3 OBJECTIVES

 To detect drowsiness of drivers using an eye blink sensor.

 To alert the driver by alarm.
 To stop the vehicle when the driver’s eye is close.

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CHAPTER – 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
1. AUTHOR: H. Abdulrazak et al.
"Anti-Sleep Alarm System for Drivers" by H. Abdulrazak et al. (2019) This paper proposed
an anti-sleep alarm system for drivers using an Arduino nano board and an eye blink sensor. The
system detects the driver's eye blinks and sounds an alarm when it detects the driver's eyes closed
for more than a specified time. The system was tested on several drivers, and the results showed
that the system was effective in preventing drowsy driving.

2. AUTHOR: F. Gao et al.

"Real-time drowsiness detection system for drivers based on an embedded system and
machine learning" by F. Gao et al. (2021):
This paper proposed a real-time drowsiness detection system for drivers using an Arduino board
and an eye blink sensor. The system uses machine learning algorithms to detect drowsiness based
on the driver's eye blinks and other physiological parameters. The results showed that the
proposed system could accurately detect drowsiness in real time.

3. AUTHORS: Ines Teyeb, Olfa Jemai, Mourad Zaied, and Chokri Ben Amar.

Research Groups in Intelligent Machines (REGIM-Lab), University of Sfax, National

Engineering School of Sfax BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia 2018.

In their paper, they proposed a drowsy driver detection system based on a new method
for head posture estimation and named it “A Drowsy Driver Detection System Based on a New
Method of Head Posture Estimation”. In their first part, they introduced six possible models
of head positions that can be detected by the algorithm which is explained in the second part.
Indeed, there are three key stages characterizing the method: First of all, they proceed with
driver’s face detection by Viola and Jones algorithm. Finally, based on measuring both the head
inclination’s angle and distances between the extracted coordinates, they classify the head state
(normal or inclined). Test results demonstrate that the proposed system can efficiently measure
the above mentioned parameters and detect the head state as a sign of the driver’s drowsiness.

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CHAPTER – 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
3.1.1HARDWARE REQUIRED
 Eyeblink Sensor With Goggle.
 Arduino Nano Board.
 Buzzer.
 Relay Module.
 Dual shaft DC Motor.

 Eyeblink sensor with goggle:

Fig 3.1.1: Eye blink sensor with goggle.

Using a phototransistor and a separator circuit, the blink sensor illuminates the eye area
and eyelid with infrared light and detects changes in the reflected light. This study includes
measuring and monitoring the blink of an eye with the help of an IR sensor. A closed eye
indicates that the output of the IR receiver is high except that the output from the IR receiver is
low. Figure 3.1 shows an instant blink sensor with an IR attached to it.
Eyeblink sensors utilize various technologies to detect and analyze blink activity. One
common approach is to utilize infrared light and photodetectors. In this setup, an infrared light
source emits light toward the eye, and the photodetector measures the intensity of the reflected
light. When the eyelids are closed during a blink, the amount of reflected light decreases,
indicating a blink event. By continuously monitoring the intensity changes, the sensor can
determine the blink frequency and duration.

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 Arduino Nano Board:

Fig 3.1.2: Arduino Nano Board

The Arduino Nano is a compact and versatile microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P chip. It is a smaller version of the Arduino Uno and is widely used in various
electronic projects due to its small size and ease of use. The Nano comes with 14 digital
input/output pins, 8 analog inputs, and 6 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) pins. It has a clock
speed of 16 MHz and a flash memory of 32KB, allowing it to execute programs and control
various components and sensors. The board can be programmed using the Arduino IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) and supports a wide range of libraries and shields,
making it suitable for both beginners and experienced developers. The Arduino Nano is
commonly used in robotics, home automation, and prototyping applications due to its compact
size and flexibility.
Features
Description
Microcontroller ATmega328P
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage 7-12V
Digital I/O pins 14
Analog input pins 8
PWM pins 6
Clock speed 16 MHz
32 KB (ATmega328P, 2KB used by
Flash Memory
bootloader)
SRAM 2 KB
EEPROM 1KB

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 Buzzer:

Fig 3.1.3: Buzzer

An audio signaling device like a beeper or buzzer may be electromechanical or piezoelectric
or mechanical type. The main function of this is to convert the signal from audio to sound.
Generally, it is powered through DC voltage and used in timers, alarm devices, printers, alarms,
computers, etc. Based on the various designs, it can generate different sounds like alarms,
music, bell & siren.

The pin configuration of the buzzer is shown above. It includes two pins namely positive
and negative. The positive terminal of this is represented with the ‘+’ symbol or a longer
terminal. This terminal is powered through 6Volts whereas the negative terminal is represented
with the ‘-’ symbol or short terminal and it is connected to the GND terminal.

Specifications: The specifications of the buzzer include the following.

• The frequency range is 3,300Hz

• Operating Temperature ranges from – 20° C to +60°C
• Operating voltage ranges from 3V to 24V DC
• The sound pressure level is 85dBA or 10cm
• The supply current is below 15mA.

Fig 3.1.4: Circuit diagram of Buzzer.

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 Relay Module:

Fig 3.1.5: Relay module

A relay module is an electronic component that allows the control of high-power circuits
using low-power signals. The main purpose of a relay module is to isolate the control circuitry
from the high-power circuit it is switching. This isolation ensures the safety of the control circuit
and prevents any potential damage caused by high voltages or currents. The relay module acts as
an intermediary between the control circuit and the load circuit, enabling the control circuit to
safely control the load. The relay itself is the core component of the module. It consists of a coil
and a set of contacts. When a current flows through the coil, it creates a magnetic field that
attracts the contacts, closing or opening the switch depending on the relay type. The coil is
energized by a low-power control signal, typically from a microcontroller or other digital devices.

Advantages of relays:
• Relays can switch AC and DC; transistors can only switch DC.
• Relays can switch high voltages, transistors cannot.
• Relays are a better choice for switching large currents (> 5A).
• Relays can switch many contacts at once.

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 Dual-shaft DC Motor:

Fig 3.1.6: Dual-shaft DC Motor

A dual-shaft DC motor is a type of electric motor that has two output shafts extending
from opposite ends of the motor body. Unlike a standard DC motor with a single shaft, which
has only one point of rotational output, a dual-shaft motor offers the advantage of having two
separate points where mechanical work can be performed. The motor's operation is based on the
principle of electromagnetic induction. When an electric current is applied to the motor, it
generates a magnetic field that interacts with the motor's internal components. The dual shaft
design allows for increased versatility and flexibility in applications where multiple tasks need
to be performed simultaneously or where two separate mechanical systems need to be driven.
Each shaft can be independently coupled with different devices or mechanisms, enabling the
motor to perform two distinct functions simultaneously.

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3.1.2 SOFTWARE REQUIRED

Arduino IDE:
The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a software application that
is used to program Arduino boards. It provides an interface for writing, compiling, and uploading
code to the Arduino microcontroller.
Here are some key features and information about the Arduino IDE:
 Cross-platform compatibility: The Arduino IDE is available for Windows, macOS, and
Linux operating systems, making it accessible to a wide range of users.
 Code editor: The IDE includes a code editor where you can write and edit your Arduino
sketches (programs). It supports syntax highlighting, auto-completion, and indentation
for a more efficient coding experience.
 Board manager: The Arduino IDE comes with a built-in board manager that allows you
to select the appropriate board you are working with. It provides pre-configured settings
for various Arduino boards and allows you to install additional board definitions.
 Library manager: The IDE includes a library manager that simplifies the process of
adding external libraries to your Arduino projects. It provides a vast collection of pre-
built libraries for various functionalities, such as controlling sensors, communicating with
displays, and more.
 Serial monitor: Arduino boards often communicate with a computer through a serial
connection. The IDE includes a serial monitor tool that allows you to send and receive
data between the Arduino board and your computer. It is helpful for debugging and
monitoring the output of your sketches.
 Sketchbook: The Arduino IDE provides a sketchbook feature where you can organize
and manage your Arduino sketches. You can create folders, save and open sketches, and
easily switch between different projects.
 Compilation and uploading: Once you have written your code, the IDE enables you to
compile and upload it to the Arduino board. It takes care of the necessary compilation
steps and communicates with the board to upload the program
 Third-party support: While the Arduino IDE is the official software provided by
Arduino, there are also alternative IDEs and text editors that support Arduino
development. Some popular options include Visual Studio Code with the PlatformIO
extension and Atmel Studio.

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3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

POWER
SUPPLY

BUZZER
ARDUINO
EYE BLINK
NANO
SENSOR
RELAY
MODULE

VEHICLE
(DC MOTOR)

Fig 3.2.1: Block diagram for the proposed method.

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3.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE:

The Arduino Nano serves as the central control unit for the system. It receives input from
the eye blinking sensor, which is typically an infrared sensor capable of detecting eye movements
and blinking patterns. The sensor is placed in a convenient position for monitoring the driver's
eyes.

The Arduino Nano continuously analyzes the data received from the eye-blinking sensor
to determine the driver's level of alertness. If the system detects that the driver's eyes have been
closed for an extended period or if the frequency of blinking falls below a certain threshold, it
interprets these as signs of drowsiness or sleepiness.

When the Arduino Nano detects such signs, it triggers the buzzer to produce a loud and
attention-grabbing sound. The buzzer is connected to one of the digital output pins of the Arduino
Nano.

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ANTI SLEEP ALARM FOR DRIVERS USING ARDUINO NANO GEC HAVERI

3.4 FLOW CHART:

START

VEHICLE
RUNNING

DROWSINESS
DETECTED
NO

YES

BUZZER
ACTIVATED

VEHICLE (DC MOTOR)

STOPS

Fig 3.4.1: Flow chart of Proposed system.

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3.5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig 3.5.1: Circuit diagram for the proposed system

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CHAPTER – 4

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The eye blink sensor is connected to the Arduino Nano. This sensor detects the driver's
eye blinks and sends a signal to the Arduino whenever the eyes are closed as shown in the Fig
4.1 The Arduino continuously monitors the output from the eye blink sensor. When the Arduino
detects that the driver's eyes have been closed for a certain duration , it triggers the buzzer and
the DC motor simultaneously. The buzzer starts producing a loud alarm sound to alert the
driver, while the DC motor starts vibrating or rotating to create a physical stimulus. To activate
the alarm and motor, the Arduino uses a relay module connected to both the buzzer and the DC
motor. The relay module acts as a switch, allowing the Arduino to control the power supply to
these devices. The alarm and motor will continue to operate until the Arduino detects that the
driver's eyes have opened as shown in the Fig 4.2, indicated by a change in the output from the
eye blink sensor. Once the eyes open, the Arduino stops the buzzer and the DC motor by
deactivating the relay module.

Fig4.1:After closing the eye.

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Fig4.2:Before opening the eye.

Fig 4.3: A proposed model.

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CHAPTER – 5
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

5.1 CONCLUSION:
The system successfully detectes abnormal blink patterns, alerted the driver through a
loud buzzer, and activated the DC motor to engage the brakes or disengage the accelerator if
necessary. This integration of technology enhances driver safety and serves as a valuable aid in
mitigating the risks associated with driver fatigue. However, it is essential to remember that the
system should be used as a supplementary tool, and drivers must prioritize their well-being by
taking proper rest and breaks when needed.

5.2 FUTURE SCOPE:

The future scope of this project is to future iterations of this system can incorporate
additional features to improve its effectiveness in preventing driver fatigue and drowsiness-
related accidents. Potential developments may include integrating advanced machine learning
algorithms to provide more accurate and personalized drowsiness detection, incorporating
biometric sensors to monitor other vital signs of the driver, such as heart rate or brain activity,
and integrating wireless connectivity to enable real-time data transmission to external devices or
vehicle systems for improved monitoring and assistance. Furthermore, the future scope also
involves exploring energy-efficient solutions to prolong battery life and developing compact and
wearable designs for enhanced convenience and comfort. These advancements can significantly
enhance the effectiveness and usability of the anti-sleep alarm system, contributing to improved
driver safety on the roads.

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APPLICATIONS:
 Long-distance driving.
 Studying or working late hours.
 Enhancing workplace safety.
 Preventing drowsy driving accidents.

ADVANTAGES:
 Early Warning System: Anti-sleep alarms serve as an early warning system, detecting the
early signs of drowsiness before a driver falls asleep at the wheel. This early detection can
help prevent potentially catastrophic accidents and provide the driver with the opportunity to
rest or take a break.
 Road Safety Improvement: By reducing the incidence of accidents caused by drowsy
driving, anti-sleep alarms contribute to overall road safety. They help protect the driver using
the alarm and other road users, promoting a safer driving environment for everyone.
 Increased Awareness: The presence of an anti-sleep alarm in a vehicle can increase driver
awareness about the importance of staying alert and the risks associated with drowsy driving.
It serves as a constant reminder to prioritize driver safety and encourages responsible driving
habits.
 Customizable Features: This may include adjustable sensitivity levels, choice of alert types
(audible, vibration, visual), and adjustable alarm thresholds, allowing drivers to personalize
the alarm system to their specific requirements.
 Enhanced Driver Safety: The primary advantage of an anti-sleep alarm is its ability to
enhance driver safety. It helps prevent accidents caused by drowsy driving by alerting the
driver when signs of fatigue or sleepiness are detected, allowing them to take corrective
action and stay focused on the road.

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DISADVANTAGES:

 User Compliance: The effectiveness of an anti-sleep alarm depends on the driver's

willingness to use it consistently and correctly. If drivers fail to activate or properly configure
the alarm, its potential benefits may be significantly reduced.
 Technical Limitations: Some anti-sleep alarm systems may have technical limitations, such
as limited battery life, unreliable sensors, or difficulty in accurately detecting drowsiness.
These limitations can reduce the overall reliability and effectiveness of the alarm system.
 Inaccuracy: Anti-sleep alarms can sometimes be inaccurate in detecting drowsiness. This is
because they rely on a variety of factors, such as eye movement, head position, and steering
wheel input. These factors can be affected by other factors, such as fatigue, stress, and alcohol
consumption.
 False Alarms: This may occasionally trigger false alarms, mistaking other non-drowsiness-
related movements or behaviors as signs of fatigue.
 Device Dependence: It requires proper functioning and maintenance of the alarm device or
system. If the device malfunctions, experiences technical issues, or is not regularly checked
and updated, it may fail to provide accurate alerts or fail to work altogether, potentially
compromising its effectiveness.

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 REFERENCES

1. NHTSA, Evaluation of techniques for ocular measurement as an index of fatigue and the basis
for alertness management (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC,
USA, 1998).

2. Tresanchez, M., Pallejà, T., & Palacín, J. (2019). Optical Mouse Sensor for Eye Blink
Detection and Pupil Tracking: Application in a Low-Cost Eye-Controlled Pointing Device.
Journal of Sensors, 2019.

3. Earman, A. (2012). Eye Safety for Proximity Sensing Using Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes.i6

4. Siddiqui, H. U. R., Saleem, A. A., Brown, R., Bademci, B., Lee, E., Rustam, F., & Dudley, S.
(2021). Non-invasive driver drowsiness detection system. Sensors, 21(14), 4833.

5. Babu, T., Ashwin, S., Naidu, M., Muthukumaaran, C., & Raghavan, C. R. (2019). Sleep
Detection and Alert System for Automobiles. In Advances in Manufacturing Technology (pp.
113-118). Springer, Singapore.