1

MBBS 2nd YEAR HAQ

[2nd EDITION]
2023

PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS
DISCLAIMER : All the questions in this HAQ (Haji Ali Questions) are purely
based on daily tasks provided in the respective telegram group.

Group Link : https://t.me/+5k43x-kuHNUwMDFl

INSTA Link : https://instagram.com/mbbs_haqs?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==

~by Haji Ali

 PAPER 1
GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
LAQs

1.Routes of Drug Administration. (5 marks for each route)*****

SAQs
1) Add a NOTE on DRUG ABSORPTION & FACTORS influencing it? (1+4)

2) Write Short Note on BIOAVAILABILITY and the Factors influencing it? (FIRST PASS
METABOLISM) ****

3) Add a Note on Apparent Volume of Distribution (aVd)? ***

4) Plasma protein Binding***& its Clinical Importance.

5) A) Define Biotransformation.*****

B) Describe various types of biotransformation reactions with examples

6) Add a Note on prodrug***& its uses.

7) DRUG METABOLISM PATHWAYS:

A) Phase1 B) Phase 2 reactions****

8) Add a Note on ENZYME INDUCTION & Clinical Importance of Microsomal Enzyme

Induction.***

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9) Pharmacokinetic parameters :

A) Plasma Half life(t1/2) B) CLEARANCE.(1st order & Zero order).

10) Add a note on Steady State concentration. (3 marks)

11) Describe THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING(TDM) ****.

12) Add a Note on Methods to prolong the Duration of Drug Action**.

13)Write about different families of Receptors through which drugs act.***

And add a note on G-PCR.
14)Add a note on Receptor downregulation and Upregulation with examples.***

15) Write in detail about

a) Drug Synergism***** b)Drug Antagonism*****

16) Write the Factors modifying Drug action.

(Drug Tolerance*, Tachyphylaxis* are vv imp).

17) Define Teratogenicity. Mention few teratogenic drugs and their effects*****.

18) Add a note on Pharmacovigilance***.

19) Treatment of Anaphylactic Shock***.

20) What do u mean by Iatrogenic diseases***? Give an example.

21) Write in detail about different phases of Clinical trials.

22) Pharmacokinetic drug interactions.

23) Write a note on clinical trials with special emphasis on phase 3 clinical trials.***

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 VSAQs
1.Define therapeutic index.(3M)

2. Two Drugs for oprn angle Glaucoma.

3. Four inhalational steroids in Asthma.

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM

LAQ/SAQs
1.a) Classification of Cholinergic agonists.

b) Uses of Bethanechol, Pilocarpine.

c) Mechanism of Action of Anticholinesterases and examples.

d) Differences between Physostigmine and Neostigmine / Pyridostigmine***

e) Therapeutic uses of Reversible Anticholinesterases*** (Myasthenia gravis is

a separate Short note vv imp)

f) Organophosphates poisoning vvvvvvimp (drugs causing, signs and symptoms,
treatment ****)
g) Role of Oximes in treatment of Organophosphates poisoning****. (5+3+5+5+5+3)

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2.a) Classify Anticholinergics. ****

b) Pharmacological Actions, Therapeutic uses and Adverse effects of ATROPINE ***

c) Vasicoselective anticholinergics****

d) Contraindications of Atropine use ***

e) Rationale behind the use of Ipratropium bromide and Tiotropium

bromide over Atropine in Bronchial asthma.

f)Add a note on Scopolamine.*** (5+5+3+5+3+5)

3. a)Classify Alpha-adrenergic blockers.

b)Write their Pharmacological actions ,therapeutic uses and Adverse effects.

4.a)Classify Beta-Blockers.************

b) Write their Pharmacological actions ,therapeutic uses,

adverse effects and contradictions. [Propranolol is the prototype drug]

5.Classify Skeletal Muscle Relaxants. Write Mechanism of Action,Uses and

Adverse Effects of SUCCINYLCHOLINE.****

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 ADRENERGIC SYSTEM
SAQs
1.Classify Adrenergic drugs.Write Pharmacological actions & Therapeutic Uses

of ADRENALINE.*****

2. Difference between Adrenaline and Noradrenaline.

3. Add a note on Selective beta-2 Agonists.(Uses and Adverse effects)***

4. Add a note on Nasal Decongestants.***

5. Write the Pharmacological actions, Adverse effects and Therapeutic Uses of

a)Amphetamine

b) Dopamine- Rational of using in acute renal failure***

6. Add a note on Selective Alpha-1 blockers.****

7. Mechanism of action and therapeutic use of tamsulosin.(3 marks)

8. Add a note on Cardioselective beta-blockers.***

9. Add a note on Cardioselective beta-blockers with additional vasodilatory effect.

10. Add a note on Succinylcholine Apnoea.***

11. Write Mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of Dantrolene.**

12.Write the Mechanism of action and uses of Botulinum toxin.(VSAQ)

13.Difference between Succinyl Choline Vs d-TC.***

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 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(including anesthetics)

LAQs
1. a) Classify Benzodiazepines?***

b) Write about their MOA?

c) Write pharmacological actions & therapeutic uses ****.

d) Add a Note on its Adverse effects. (3+2+7+3)

2.a)Classify Anti-epileptics drugs: ****

b)Add a note on SODIUM VALPROATE*** -MOA ,Therapeutic uses

And Adverse effects .

3. a) Classify Anti-psychotic drugs****.

Add a note on CHLORPROMAZINE **** under the following headings :

b) MOA c) therapeutic uses d) Adverse effects (6+3+3+3)

4. a)Classify ANTI DEPRESSANTS***

b)Add a note on SSRIs(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)-

MOA,Therapeutic uses And Adverse effects + few examples.

c)Add a note on Newer Anti-depressants.

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5.a)Classify OPIOID ANALGESICS.***

b)MORPHINE–Pharmacological actions and adverse effects.***

(Why is Morphine used in Myocardial Infarction?)

c)Treatment or Management of Morphine Poisoning.*****

SAQs
1. Advantages of Benzodiazepines over Barbiturates****?

2. Explain pharmacological actions, Uses, adverse effects of phenobarbitone?

3. Lignocaine ****

4. Pre anesthetic medications.***(Not Aesthetic )

5. Thiopentone sodium

6. Halothane

7. Ketamine

8. Propofol

9. Sodium Valproate****

10. Management of status epilepticus****

11. Write Short note on Atypical antipsychotics***

12. Explain the action therapeutic uses & toxic affects of ETHYL ALCOHOL.***

13. LEVODOPA - MOA, therapeutic uses ***

14.Add a note on Tramadol–Pharmacological actions and adverse effects.***

15.Compare and contrast Morphine and Pethidine.

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 VSAQs
1. What are Z-Drugs?***
2. Role of Disulfiram in the management of Chronic Alcoholism****
3. Rationale of combining L-dopa and carbidopa in
treatment of Parkinsonism***
4. Write Short note on Drug induced Parkinsonism and Mention
any two drugs used to manage this condition ***
5. Add a Note on selegiline and its therapeutic uses.
6.Advantages of SSRIs over Tricyclic anti-depressants TCAS.
7. Add a note on Imipramine.***
8.EMLA- Eutectic mixture of Local Anesthesia

AUTOCOIDS
SAQs

1. H1 receptor antagonists-
a)classification b)Therapeutic uses c) Adverse effects. ****
2.Add a note on Antihistamines ***.

3.Write Short note on Second generation H1 Blocker/Non-sedative. ****

4. 5HT antagonists and their therapeutic uses. ***

5.SUMATRIPTAN-MOA, therapeutic uses, Adverse effects****

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6. PROSTAGLANDINS-Analogues***,indications for use with routes of
administration and adverse effects.
7. Classify NSAIDS.

8. ASPIRIN-MOA, Therapeutic uses and Adverse effects ****(rationale of

usage in MI)
9. MOA and Adverse effects of Paracetamol***
10. Write Short Note on Salicylism and Acute salicylate poisoning **

11. Classify Drugs used in Gout***.

12. Add a note on treatment of Acute attack of gout .**

13. ALLOPURINOL-MOA, therapeutic uses, drug interactions

and Adverse effects****.

14. Classify drugs used in Rheumatoid arthritis.*** .(3/5m)

15. Difference between loratadine and promethazine. (3 marks)

16. Drugs Used in MIGRAINE. (mild, moderate, severe)*** (3 marks)

17. Prophylaxis of migraine. (3 marks)

18. Add a Note on INDOMETHACIN. (3 marks).

19.Selective COX-2 inhibitor. M.O.A , uses and adverse effects.

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 RESPIRATORY PHARMACOLOGY
SAQs

1. Add a note on antitussive agents***.

2. Write short note on mucolytics with examples****.

3. Classify Drugs used in Bronchial Asthma.

4. Indications ,routes of Administration and adverse effects of Salbutamol .****

5. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (MonteLukast & ZafirLukast) (5/3 m)

6. Add a note on mast cell stabilizers***

7. ADD a note on role of CorticoSteroids in treatment of bronchial asthma***

8. MANAGEMENT OF STATUS ASTHMATICUS****.

VSAQs

1. Add a note on expectorants (mucokinetics)

2. Omalizumab****

3. Theophylline. MOA, uses n adverse effects.

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 GIT PHARMACOLOGY
SAQs

1. ONDANSETRON**** - MOA, therapeutic uses, Adverse effects .

2.METOCLOPRAMIDE****-MOA, therapeutic uses, Adverse effects.
3. ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION***

4. Write Short note on LAXATIVES****

5. Classification of drugs used in peptic ulcer

6. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI'S)-MOA therapeutic uses, Adverse effects

(OMEPRAZOLE***)

7. Advantages of RANITIDINE over CIMETIDINE***

8. Add a note on ULCER PROTECTIVE DRUGS****

9. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with various regimens***

VSAQs
1.Drugs used in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE.

2.Anti-mutility Drugs.

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 MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS
SAQs

1.Add a note on chelating agents.***

2. CYCLOSPORINS - MOA therapeutic uses and adverse effects.***

VSAQs

{One of the below question can be asked as VSAQ in Final Exams}

1. Mention two uses of dimercaprol. Why is urinary alkalinizer used during

dimercaprol therapy?

2. Name 3 calcineurin inhibitors.

3. Therapeutic uses of vitamin D.***

4. Deferiprone- MOA and uses.

5. write a note on Over The Counter(OTC) drugs.

6. Essential Drug List.***

7. Fixed dose combinations with examples.***

8. Pharmacoeconomics.

9. Drug Therapy Of Special Population.

10. Geriatric and Pediatric drugs.***

11. Insecticides.

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12. Herbal medicines.**

13. Pharmacogenetics

14. Domperidone***

15. P-drug concept.***

Name three;
1. Immunosuppressants

2. Immunostimulants

3. SERM and three indications

4. Therapeutic uses of Hydroxychloroquine

5. Drugs used in psoriasis

6. Antiseptics and Disinfectants

7. Vaccines by IM route

8. Adverse effects of Insulin

9. Drugs for Consious sedation

10. Topical antifungal agents

11. Antimicrobial for anaerobic infections

12. Glucocorticoid preparations

13. T/t for Diabetes Insipidus

14. T/t of UTI

15. agents causing Superinfections.

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 PAPER 2
ENDOCRINE PHARMACOLOGY
LAQs
1. a) Classify GLUCOCORTICOIDS. *****

b) MOA of steroid hormones

c) therapeutic uses

d) Adverse effects***

e) contraindications *** (3+3+6+5+5)

SAQs
1.Propyl Thiouracil& CARBAMIZOLE-MOA, therapeutic uses and Adverse effects

2. Add a note on RADIOACTIVE IODINE. ***

3.Write Short Note on Thyrotoxic crisis

4. MOA, THERAPEUTIC USES and Adverse effects of Clomiphene citrate***

5. Add a note on SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulators) ***

6.Rationale of combination of estrogen and progesterone as oral contraceptives****

7. MIFEPRISTONE- mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects.

8. MOA, adverse effects, uses of oral contraceptives + schedule for usage.

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9. Adverse effects of hormonal contraceptives***

10. Uses of prednisolone advantages of prednisolone over hydrocortisone.***

11. Non endocrine uses of GLUCOCORTICOIDS. ****

12.Describe how glucocorticoids act on normal functions of the body.

VSAQs
1. What is Tamoxifen and mention it uses?***

2. Define human insulins .Mention the advantages of it over others. (3 marks)

3. Add a note on NEWER INSULIN PREPARATIONS and their advantages. ****

4.Write short note on management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)****.

5. Classify oral Anti Diabetic drugs***.

6. Basis of using glibenclamide in diabetes mellitus. (3 marks)

7. SULFONYLUREAS-MOA, therapeutic uses and adverse effects ****

8.METFORMIN-MOA,its pharmaco kinetics,therapeutic uses and adverse effects.

9.Write short note on Sitagliptin. (3 marks)

10.Mention the different preparations of Vitamin D (3 marks)

11.Drugs used in osteoporosis*** / Bisphosphonates.

12.MOA and Uses of FINASTERIDE. (3 MARKS)

13.Enumerate Oxytocic agents and their uses . (3 marks)

14. Oxytocin - pharmacological actions pharmaco kinetics uses and adverse effects ***.

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15. Explain the differences between actions of Oxytocin and ergometry on the

uterus. list the indications of their use.

16. How prostaglandins are useful in induction of labor.

17. Add a note on to TOCOLYTIC drugs*** along with their examples

BLOOD
SAQs

1. MOA, ADVERSE EFFECTS OF HEPARIN****

2. Short Note on Advantages*** and therapeutic uses of LMWH

(Low molecular weight Heparin)
3. MOA, therapeutic uses, Drug interactions, treatment of Overdose of WARFARIN***

4. Differences between Heparin and Warfarin***

5. Add a note on Fibrinolytic Agents. - Examples, Mechanisms & uses

6.MOA, THERAPEUTIC USES OF STREPTOKINASE ****

7. Indication and Adverse effects of oral iron preparation.***

8. Add a note on Parenteral iron therapy. ****'

9. Haemopoietic growth factors a) Vit-B12. (b) Folic Acid

10.Classify Antiplatelet drugs ***(VSAQ)

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 RENAL PHARMACOLOGY
LAQs

1.a) Classify Diuretics. [6+3+3+3]

b) MOA, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of LOOP DIURETICS***.

SAQs
1.MOA, therapeutic uses and Adverse effects of THIAZIDE DIURETICS****.

2. MOA,therapeutic uses, Adverse effects of ACETAZOLAMIDE.

(Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors).

3.Osmotic Diuretics. (Mannitol uses****)

4.Add a note on Potassium sparing Diuretics. (SPIRONOLACTONE ***)

5.Vasopressin action and its analogues. (Desmopressin***).

6. Mannitol uses and rational of using mannitol in head injury.*****

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 CVS PHARMACOLOGY
LAQs
1. a) Classify antihypertensive drugs
b)Write mechanism of action adverse effects and contraindications,
therapeutic uses and drug interactions of ACE inhibitors.
c) Add a note on hypertensive crisis

2.a) Classify the drugs used in treatment of Cardiac toxicity

b) Write the MOA, USES, and Adverse effects of
ACEinhibitors***(Enalapril***) [6+3+3+3]

3.a) Classify HYPOLIPIDAEMICs ***

b) MOA, Adverse effects and therapeutic uses and examples of STATINS****
c) Add a Note on FIBRATES. [3+7+5]

SAQs
1. Write mechanism of action adverse effects and uses of ARBs

2. a) Classification of antianginal drugs

b) Mechanism of action, pharmacological actions, adverse
effects therapeutic uses of nitrates
3. Treatment of cyanide poisoning

4. Write Briefly About Calcium Channel Blockers (VERAPAMIL) ****

-MOA, USES, Adv effects

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5. Management of Acute MI

6. MOA, Adverse effects and therapeutic uses of AMIODARONE***

7. MOA and USES of DIGOXIN**

8. Add a Note on DIGOXIN toxicity and its treatment ****

9. What is plasma Volume expander? Give some examples.

10.Classify antiarrhythmic drugs.

11.Sodium Nitroprusside.***

12.Rationale of using verapamil in ventricular fibrillation.(3)

CHEMOTHERAPY
SAQs
1.Bacterial drug resistance- types, mechanism of development and prevention***.

2. What is Superinfection? and give examples. (3 marks)

3. Write short note on combination of antimicrobial agents ( 3 marks)

4. Add a note on sulphonamides****. What is the rationale of combining

pyrimethamine with sulfonamide?

5. Write short note on COTRIMOXAZOLE***- uses and adverse effects.

Mention the reasons for combinations of it.

6. What is sequential blockade***?Give example .(3 marks)

7.Management of Psoriasis.***

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 Fluoroquinolones & BetaLactams
LAQs
1 a. Classify fluoroquinolones ***
CIPROFLOXACIN***:

b. Mechanism of Action c. Therapeutic uses d. Adverse effects.

2.a.Classify Beta lactam antibiotics***.

PENICILLIN****:

b. Mechanism of action c. Therapeutic uses and

d. Mechanism of bacterial resistance to penicillin e. Adverse effects

3.Add a note on treatment on anaphylactic shock **** (5 marks)

CEPHALOSPORINS
LAQs
1.a.Classify CEPHALOSPORIN$***:

b. Mechanism of action

c. therapeutic uses and

d. adverse effects.

SAQs
1. Write a short note on beta lactamase inhibitors. (5m)

2.Add a note on 3rd generation cephalosporins.****

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 Aminoglycoside and Tetracycline
LAQs
1. a.Classify AMINOGLYCOSIDES

b. its Mechanism of action

c. Antibacterial spectrum
d. Therapeutic uses
e. Adverse effects.

SAQs

1. Tetracycline & Doxycycline*** - MOA , therapeutic uses and adverse effects

2.Why tetracyclines are contraindicated in the pediatric age group?**** (3 marks)

3. Mention few advantages of doxycycline or oxytetracycline. (3 marks)

CHLORAMPHENICOL & MACROLIDES

LAQs
1.A. Enumerate Macrolide Antibiotics

AZITHROMYCIN**** :

B) MOA C) Therapeutic uses D)Adverse effects

2. Clarithromycin - MOA therapeutic uses, adverse effects ****(5 marks)

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 ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS
LAQs

1.A. Classify ANTI - TUBERCULAR DRUGS( first and second line drugs)

B.RIFAMPICIN**** - MOA, therapeutic uses and adverse effects.

C.Add a note on short course treatment of Tuberculosis/DOTS. ***

D.Write about Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) TB***

SAQs
1.Explain the interaction of rifampicin with oral contraceptive pills. (3m)

2.a. Isoniazid(INH) ***- MOA, therapeutic uses and adverse effects

b .Rationale of using pyridoxine with INH.

ANTIFUNGALS
SAQs
1. Classify Anti fungal drugs. ***

2. Itraconazole*** - MOA therapeutic uses and adverse effects.

3. Ketoconazole**** -MOA therapeutic uses and adverse effects.

4. Write short note on Griseofulvin. (3m).

5. Write short note on Amphotericin-B **** (5m).

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 LEPROSY
1.A. Write short note on Lepra reaction*** and mention the drugs used in it.(5)

B. Role of Clofazimine in leprosy. (3)

C. Add a note on Dapsone. (5)

ANTI MALARIAL DRUGS

LAQs
1.Classify anti malarials
A) Chloroquine – MOA adverse effects and therapeutic uses.***
B) Artemesinin - MOA adverse effects and therapeutic uses.******
-Add a note on ACT regimen for uncomplicated Malaria

SAQs

1.Add a note on primaquine in treatment of malaria

2. Rationale of combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine in malaria(3m)

3.Name two drugs for chloroquine resistant malaria. Also mention its mechanism of

action and uses. (5)

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 ANTIAMOEBIC DRUGS
1.Classify Anti amoebic drugs

Metronidazole*****;
A. MOA uses and adverse effects.
B. Rationale of combining metronidazole with Diloxanide furoate.

ANTIHELMINTHIC DRUGS

SAQs
1.Mebendazole*** - MOA therapeutic uses adverse effects

2.Albendazole*** - MOA therapeutic uses and adverse effects

3.Diethylcarbamazine citrate - MOA therapeutic uses and adverse effects

4.Ivermectin - MOA therapeutic uses and adverse effects

5.Praziquantel - MOA therapeutic uses and adverse effects

6.Drugs for Neurocysticercosis and its rationale.

7.Drugs used in Scabies and explain route of its application.**

8.Advantage of Albendazole over Mebendazole.

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 ANTI CANCER DRUGS
SAQs
1. Add a note on alkylating agents.

2. Methotrexate - MOA therapeutic uses and adverse effects.

3. Vincristine ( Vinca Alkaloid ) - MOA therapeutic uses and adverse effects.

4. Cyclophosphamide Toxicity and prevention.***(3)

5.Why Mesna is given to patient receiving Cyclophosphamide.*** (3)

6. Two purine antagonist and its uses.

7.Drugs used for Amelioretic toxicity due to anti-cancer drugs.

ANTI -VIRALS
1.Classify Anti viral Agents***.(3/5marks)

2.ACYCLOVIR- MOA, therapeutic uses,side effects (5Marks) ****

3.Write a note on AntiInfluenza and Anti Hepatitis drugs .

4.Classify Antiretroviral Drugs****

a) NRTIs***-5marks

b)NNRTIs-3Marks

c)Protease inhibitors****-5marks

d)Fusion inhibitors-3marks

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5.Add a Note on Drug Therapy of HIV patient****.(ARTs)

6.Zidovudine.

MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS
SAQs/VSAQs

1.Add a note on common drugs used in skin disorders.

2.Add a note on drugs used in Glaucoma.

3.Add a note on Vitamin D preparations.

4.Describe briefly about vaccines.

5.Add a note on NHP.(Herbal medicines, probiotics, vitamins and minerals)

6.Antiseptic and its disinfectants.

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