Chandrayaan – 3

India's Third Lunar Mission

Submitted by – Aryan Saini
Class – XII Medical
Roll no. - 04
Admission no. - 7738
INTRODUCTION
Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to
Chandrayaan-2 to demonstrate end-to-end capability
in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface. It
consists of Lander and Rover configuration. It will be
launched by LVM3 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota.
The propulsion module will carry the lander and
rover configuration till 100 km lunar orbit. The
propulsion module has Spectro-polarimetry of
Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload to study
the spectral and Polarimetric measurements of Earth
from the lunar orbit.
Background
Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-up mission to
the series of 'Chandrayaan'. Its
predecessors are Chandrayaan-1 and
Chandrayaan-2 . Both of the missions are
considered to be partially successful.
Chandrayaan-1 was launched in the year
2011 by the PSLV XL C-11 and
Chandrayaan-2 was launched in the year
2019 by the LVM3-M1.
Mission Objectives
The primary mission objectives of Chandrayaan-3
are :
• To demonstrate Safe and Soft Landing on Lunar
Surface
• To demonstrate Rover roving on the moon and
• To conduct in-situ scientific experiments
Timeline
Chandrayaan-3 was launched by LVM3-M4
from the Second launch pad at SDSC
SHAR Shriharikota on July 14, 2023. It
underwent 5 Earth-Bound Apogee raising
maneuvers from July 15 to July 25. It
underwent the Trans-Lunar Injection on
July 31 , 2023 and then conducted 5
Lunar-Bound Apogee decreasing
maneuvers. Finally on August 23, 2023
Chandrayaan-3 soft landed on the South
Pole of Moon
 Mission Components
Chandrayaan-3 comprises three main components: a propulsion module,
lander, and rover.
• Propulsion Module : The propulsion module carries the lander and
rover configuration to a 100-kilometre (62 mi) lunar orbit. It is a box-
like structure with a large solar panel mounted on one side and a
cylindrical mounting structure for the lander (the Intermodular
Adapter Cone) on top.

• Lander : The mission's lander is called Vikram named after cosmic ray
scientist Vikram Sarabhai (1919–1971), who is widely regarded as the
founder of the ISRO.

• Rover : The mission's rover was called Pragyan with a mass of 27 kg

(60 lb) and would have operated on Solar Power. The rover was to
move on six wheels, traversing 500 m (1,600 ft) on the lunar surface.
Scientific Instruments /
Payloads

Chandrayaan-3 has a total of 7 Payloads that are as follows :

• Propulsion module Payloads : Spectro-polarimetry of

Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE)

• Lander Payloads : Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound

Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA)
, Chandra’s Surface Thermo physical Experiment (ChaSTE)
, Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) , LASER
Retroreflector Array (LRA)
• Rover Payloads : LASER Induced Breakdown Spectroscope
(LIBS) , Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS)
Conclusion
After landing on the Moon's south pole region, Chandrayaan-3's
Vikram lander deployed the Pragyan Rover to explore the cratered
surface, using integrated cameras to send back videos of its
environment, and started working on the research objectives
planned for a two-week stay on the Moon.
The first video of the rover, posted on 25 August 2023, showed it
leaving the Vikram lander on a ramp and driving onto the Moon’s
surface. ISRO also shared video footage from the lander as it
approached the landing site, kicking up dust as it touched down
on the surface. ISRO wrote afterwards that the rover’s two scientific
instruments had been turned on and that it had moved eight
meters.
On 26 August, ISRO posted a new video of the rover driving away,
moving almost out of the lander’s sight. On 27 August, ISRO
published two pictures taken by the rover three meters (9.8 ft)
from the edge of a large crater.