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Anshuman Sahu
Class VIII
Guidede by
Mr. Prahallad badapanda
fcsa
Chandrayaan -1 (configuration)
Organization
Mission type
Orbiter
Satellite of
Moon
Launch date
Launch vehicle
PSLV-C11
Mission duration
2 years
NSSDC ID
2008-052A
Home page
Chandrayaan-1
Mass
523kg (1,153lb)
Orbital Elements
Eccentricity
near circular
Inclination
polar
Apoapsis
Periapsis
Introduction
Chandrayaan-1, journey to moon is an unmanned lunar exploration mission by the Indian Space
Research Organization (ISRO), India's national space agency. It is also India's first mission to the
moon. The mission includes a lunar orbiter and an impactor. The spacecraft was launched by a
modified version of the PSLV Xl on 22 October 2008 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre,
Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. "Chandrayaan" roughly translates to "lunar-sojourn" in many Indian
languages.
The remote sensing satellite weighs 1,380kilograms (3,042lb) (590kilograms (1,301lb) initial
orbit mass and 504kilograms (1,111lb) dry mass) and carries high resolution remote sensing
equipment for visible, near infrared, soft and hard X-ray frequencies. Over a two-year period, it is
intended to survey the lunar surface to produce a complete map of its chemical characteristics
and 3-dimensional topography. The polar regions are of special interest, as they might contain ice.
The spacecraft was successfully launched on 22 October 2008 at 06:23 IST (00:52UTC). The
including NASA, ESA, and the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency, which are being carried free of cost.
Objectives
The stated scientific objectives of the mission are:
To design, develop and launch and orbit a spacecraft around the Moon using Indian
Conduct scientific experiments using instruments on-board the spacecraft which will
To prepare a three-dimensional atlas (with high spatial and altitude resolution of 5-10
To conduct chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire lunar surface for
To Impact a sub-satellite ( Moon Impact Probe -MIP ) on the surface on the Moon as a
Specifications
After full integration, the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft
Mass
1380 kg at launch, 675 kg at lunar orbit, and 523
Dimensions
Cuboid in shape of approximately 1.5 m
Communications
X band, 0.7 m diameter parabolic antenna for
Power
The spacecraft is mainly powered by its solar array,
Areas of study
Payloads
1.Payloads (Indian)
The Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC) is a CCD camera with 5 m resolution and a 40
The Hyper Spectral Imager (HySI) will perform mineralogical mapping in the 400-
The
A High Energy X-ray/gamma ray spectrometer (HEX) for 30- 200 keV
measurements with ground resolution of 40 km, the HEX will measure U, Th,
210Pb, 222Rn degassing, and other radioactive elements
The Moon Impact Probe (MIP) developed by the ISRO, is a small satellite that will
2.Payloads (Foreign )
SARA, The Sub-keV Atom Reflecting Analyser from the ESA will map composition using
Solar System Research, Polish Academy of Science and University of Bergen, will also
map the mineral composition using an infrared grating spectrometer. The instrument
will be similar to that of the Smart-1 SIR.
MINSAR, designed, built and tested for NASA by a large team that includes the Naval
Air Warfare Center, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Sandia
National Laboratories, Raytheon and Northrop Grumman; it is the active SAR system
to search for lunar polar ice. The instrument will transmit right polarised radiation with
a frequency of 2.5 GHz and will monitor the scattered left and right polarised
radiation. The Fresnel reflectivity and the circular polarisation ratio (CPR) are the key
parameters deduced from these measurements. Ice shows the Coherent Backscatter
Opposition Effect which results in an enhancement of reflections and CPR, so that
water content of the Moon polar region can be estimated.
RADOM-7, Radiation Dose Monitor Experiment from the Bulgarian Academy of
Chandrayaan II
The ISRO is also planning a second
Recent Update
The Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC) was successfully operated on
Satish
Dhawan Space Centre using ISRO's 44.4 metre tall four-stage PSLV launch rocket.
Chandrayaan will take 15 days to reach the lunar orbit. ISRO's telemetry, tracking and
command network (ISTRAC) at Peenya in Bangalore, will be tracking and controlling
Chandrayaan-1 over the next two years of its life span.
Since its launch, Chandrayaan has performed several engine burns, moving it into the
designated geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) around earth and has successfully
communicated with base center.
Chandrayaan-1 completed four orbits around the Earth, on 23 October: The health of the
spacecraft is normal and (it is) doing fine. Spinning in elliptical orbit once in every 6 hours
and 30 minutes, it has completed four orbits and is in the fifth orbit.
07:08 IST. The Liquid Apogee Motor was fired for about nine and a half
minutes. With this, Chandrayaan-1 entered a much higher elliptical orbit
around the Earth. The apogee of this orbit lies at 164,600 km, instead of
199,277 km apogee as originally announced by the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO), while the perigee is at 348 km. In this orbit,
Chandrayaan-1 takes about 73 hours to go round the Earth once.
The fourth orbit-raising manoeuvre was carried out on October 29, 2008 at
07:38 IST. The spacecraft's liquid engine was fired for about three minutes,
raising it to a more elliptical orbit whose apogee lies at 267,000 km while
the perigee lies at 465 km. This makes its present orbit extends more than
half the way to moon. In this orbit, the spacecraft takes about six days to go
round the Earth once.
Chandrayaan-1 (TMC)
Terrain Mapping Camera
Tested
camera can take black and white pictures of an object by recording the visible light
reflected from it. The instrument has a resolution of about 5 meters.
Besides TMC, the other four Indian payloads of Chandrayaan-1 are the Hyper
spectral Imager (HySI), Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI), High Energy X-ray
Spectrometer (HEX) and the Moon Impact Probe (MIP). The other six payloads of
Chandrayaan-1 are from abroad.
It may be recalled that the 1380 kg Chandrayaan-1 was successfully launched into
an initial elliptical orbit around the Earth by PSLV-C11 on October 22, 2008. This was
followed by four orbit raising maneuvers, which together raised Chandrayaan-1s
orbit to a much higher altitude. The spacecraft is now circling the Earth in an orbit
whose apogee (farthest point to Earth) lies at 267,000 km (Two lakh sixty seven
thousand km) and perigee (nearest point to Earth) at 465 km. In this orbit,
Chandrayaan-1 takes about six days to go round the Earth once. The spacecraft
performance is being continuously monitored and is normal.
Image-1
Image-2
The second image taken at