) Most Common Drugs )
Drugs
1- Carbimazole
2- Prophylthiouracil
3- Trimethoprime
4- Phenytoin
5- Carbamazepine
6- Na valproate
7- Phenobarbital
8- Benzodiazepine
9- Flecainide
(Class IC , Na+ blocker)
10- Amiodarone
11- Aspirin
12- Clopidogrel
Side Effects
1- Agranulocytosis , pancytopenia
2- Hepatotoxicity
3- Skin rash
1- Agranulocytosis
2- Aplastic anemia
3- GI upset
1- Agranulocytosis , pancytopenia
2- Megaloblastic anemia
3- Transient elevation of creatinine level
1- Gingival hyperplasia , altered vit. B9 metabolism
2- Hirsutism , lupus , nystagmus
3- BM suppression , peripheral neuropathy
1- Agranulocytosis , Aplastic anemia
2- Diplopia and ataxia (most common)
3- Skin rash , SJS , proteinuria
1- Alopecia , tremor (common)
2- Hepatotoxicity , pancreatitis
3- Weight gain , PCOS
1- Sedation and hypnosis (most common)
2- Megaloblastic anemia
3- CNS effects (dizziness, nystagmus and ataxia)
1- Sedation , tolerance
2- dependency
3- Respiratory depression
1- Bradycardia , inotropic effect (Proarrythmic)
2- Oral paraesthesia
3- Visual disturbance
1- Interstitial lung disease (fibrosis)
2- Hypo , Hyperthyroidism
3- Corneal deposition (photosensitivity)
4- QT prolongation
5- Persistent slate-grey skin color (ceruloderma)
1- Bleeding tendency , intracranial hemorrhage
2- Hypersensitivity
3- Reye syndrome (hepatic encephalopathy)
1- Bleeding tendency
2- Rash/pruritis , TTP (rare)
13- ACEIs 1- Angioedema and cough
2- 1st dose hypotension
3- Hyperkalemia
4- Raised creatinine and BUN levels
14- β-blockers 1- Bronchospasm
2- Bradycardia and hypotension , cold periphries
3- Fatigue , dizziness , nausea , constipation
4- Sexual dysfunction (atenolol)
15- CCBs 1- HF , bradycardia, hypotension , flushing , constipation  Verapamil
2- HF , bradycardia, hypotension , ankle swelling  Diltiazem
3- Flushing , ankle swelling , headache  Dipine group
16- Bosentan 1- Hypotension , headache
2- Flushing
3- Dose-dependent hepatotoxicity
17- Nitroglycerin 1-Severe hypotension (if mixed with sildenafil) , headache
2- Flushing
3- Palpitation
18- Digoxin 1- Fatal arrhythmia (toxicity)
2- Nausea , vomiting , anorexia
3- Blurred vision , gynecomastia
19- Furosemide (loop) Deafness
20-hydrochlorothiazide 1- Hypo Na , K , Mg
2- Hypercalcemia
21- Spironolactone 1- Hyperkalemia
2- Gynecomastia
22- Mannitol (osmotic) Pulmonary edema
23- Theophylline 1- Nausea , vomiting , GER
2- Increase gastric acidity
3- CNS features , headache
24- Vigabatrin 1- Visual field defect (irreversible) 40%
2- Alopecia
25- Gabapentin 1- Suicidality, depression
2- Angioedema , anaphylaxis
3- Erythema multiforme , SJS
4- Rhabdomyolysis , withdrawal seizure
26- Levetiracetam Almost all CNS features
27- Bromocriptin 1- Nausea , constipation , nasal congestion
2- Tinnitus , Raynaud's phenomenon
3- Excessive sleepiness
28- Amitriptyline 1- urine retention
2- Dry mouth , constipation
3- Blurred vision , CNS features
29- Lithium 1- Nephrogenic DI
2- Hypercalcemia, tremor , ataxia
3- Ebstien's anomaly in pregnancy
30- Baclofen (for CP) 1- Hyporeflexia ,tonia, thermia, tension
2- Respiratory depression → Coma
3- Hallucinations
31- Penicillin 1- Hypersensitivity
2- Hemolytic anemia
3- Diarrhea
23 - Cephalosporines 1- Hypersensitivity
2- Bleeding (due to anti-vit. K effect)
3- Immune hemolytic anemia ,
4- Disulfiram-like reaction if ingested with alcohol
33- Vancomycin 1- hypersensitivity reaction , hypotension
2- Nephrotoxicity , Ototoxicity
3- Redman syndrome (flushing)
4- thrombocytopenia, vasculitis , SJS
34- Tetracyclines 1- Fatal hepatotoxicity , Phototoxicity
2- Yellow-teeth discoloration : in children
3- Pseudotumour cerebri
35- Aminoglycosides 1- Nephrotoxicity , Ototoxicity (sensorineural hearing loss)
2- Neuromuscular paralysis
36- Macrolides 1- GI upset ,cholestatic jaundice ,ototoxcity → Erythromycine
2- QT prolongation in patient with arrhythmia
37- Chloramphenicol 1- GI upset
2- Hemolytic anemia
3- Gray baby syndrome
38- Clindamycin Fatal pseudomembranous colitis due to overgrowth
of C. difficle
39- Linezolid 1- GI upset , thrombocytopenia
2- Irreversible peripheral neuropathy
3- Serotonin syndrome of mixed with SSRIs
40- Fluoroquinolones 1- GI upset , Photosensitivity
2- Peripheral neuropathy, glucose dysregulation
3- QT prolongation : moxifloxacin
41- Sulphanamides 1- Nephrotoxicity → stones
2- SJS , kernicterus
42- Chloroquine 1- GI upset
2- Agranilocytosis , Pancytopenia
3- Thrombocytopenia , hemolytic anemia
4- Itching
43- Quinine 1- Thrombocytopenia ,HUS/TTP ,Hemolytic anemia
2- Long QT syndrome , torsades de pointes,
blackwater fever, DIC
3- Cinchonism
4- Urticaria , angioedema , bronchospasm
5- SJS , toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
6- Idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis
44- Primaquine 1- GI upset
2- Methemoglobinemia
3- Agranulocytosis
4- Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency
45- Metronidazole 1- GI upset
2- Unpleasant metallic taste
3- Pancreatits
4- CNS toxicity (ataxia, seizure, paraesthesia)
5- Dysuria and dark urine
46- Acyclovir 1- GI upset
2- Headache
3- Nephrotoxicity
47- Foscarnet 1- Genitourinary ulceration
2- Hypocalcemia
3- Nephrotoxicity
48- Interferon-Alpha 1- Flu-like symptoms (especially fatigue)
2- BM suppression (neutropenia)
3- Depression , convulsions
49- Nitrofurantoin 1- Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency
2- Peripheral neuropathy
3- Dark-brown urine
50- H2-blockers 1- Gynecomastia , galactrorrhea → cimetidine
2- Inhibit the metabolism of warfarin , phenytoin,
clopidogrel
3- Reduce the efficacy of drugs that require high
gastric acidity for their absorption like ketoconazole
51- PPIs 1- Vit. B12 deficiency
2- Increase risk of bone fracture (long-term use)
3- Diarrhea and C. difficle infection
 4- Increase incidence of pneumonia
5- Hypo Mg+
52- Isoniazid 1- Allergy
2- Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency
3- Peripheral neuropathy → B6 deficiency
4- Hepatitis
53- Rifampicin 1- GI upset
2- Fever , rash , orange-secretion
3- Reduce the efficacy of warfarin , contraceptive
pills , oral hypoglycemic drugs
54- Pyrazinamide 1- GI upset
2- Gouty attack (urate retention)
3- Liver damage
55- Ethambutol 1- Optic neuritis (red-green color blindness)
2- Decrease visual acuity
56- Dapsone 1- Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency
2- Peripheral neuropathy
3- Methemoglobinemia
57- Clofazimine Pink to brownish-black skin discoloration
58- Octreotide 1- Gallstones (due to biliary stasis)
2- Hypercalcemia
3- Itching , bradycardia
59- Glucocorticoids 1- Adrenal gland suppression
2- Hyperglycemia
3- DM , Weight gain
4- Osteoporosis , peptic ulcer
5- Cataract , glaucoma
6- HTN , edema
7- More liable to infection
8- Poor wound healing
60- Mineralocorticoids 1- Sodium retention , hypokalemia
2- HTN
61- Sulfonylureas 1- Hypoglycemia
(pamide,ride,zide) 2- Weight gain
62- Meglitinides 1- Hypoglycemia : repaglinide
(glinide) 2- Weight gain
63- Biguanides 1- Lactic acidosis
(metformin) 2- GI upset , mal-absorption (diarrhea)
3- Hyperventilation , hypotension
4- Vit. B12 deficiency (long-term use)
64- Thiazolidiones Pioglitazone :
(tazone) 1- Peripheral edema
2- CHF , bladder cancer
3- Osteoporosis
4- Weight gain
Rosiglitazone :
1- Peripheral edema
2- CHF , HTN , MI
3- Upper RTI
4- Weight gain
65- Alpha-glucosidase 1- GI upset
(acarbos , miglitol) 2- Excessive gas formation in the colon (flatulence)
3- Hepatitis : acarbos
66- Glucagon like 1- GI upset
peptide 1 agonist 2- Dizziness, mild tachycardia
(GLP-1) , (Glutide) 3- low risk of minor episodes of hypoglycemia
67- Dipeptidyl 1- Allergic rhinitis
peptidase 4 inhibitors 2- Pancreatitis
(DPP-4) , (liptin) 3- Upper RTI
68- Pramlintide 1- Nausea
2- Hypoglycemia
3- Gastroparesis
69- Sodium glucose co- 1- UTI , acute kidney injury , bladder cancer
transporter 2 inhibitor 2- Hyperkalemia
(SGLT-2) , (flozine) 3- DKA
4- Bone fractures
70- Alpha 1-blocker 1- Reflex tachycardia
(zosin) 2- Orthostatic hypotension
3- Dizziness
71- Alpha 2-agonist 1- Drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation
(methyldopa, clonidine) 2- Sexual dysfunction
3- Hepatotoxicity , AIHA : methyldopa
72- Hydralazine 1- Tachycardia
2- Hypotension
3- Lupus erythematous
73- Minoxidil 1- Excessive hair production (hirsutism)
2- Skin irritation (erythema)
3- Contact dermatitis
74- Phosphodiesterase 1- Headache (common) , Flushing
inhibitors , (sildenafil) 2- Serious arrhythmia
75- Class IA: Na+ blocker 1- QT prolongation
(disopyramide ,procainamide , quinidine) 2- Torsade de points
3- Lupus erythematous (procainamide)
4- Conchonism (quinidine)
76- Class IB: Na+ blocker 1- CNS effects: tremor, dizziness, insomnia
(lidocaine, mexiletine) 2- Hypotension
3- GI upset
77- Class II: β-blocker Mentioned above
78- Class III: K+ blocker Mentioned above
(amiodarone, sotalol)
79- Class 4 : CCBs Mentioned above
80- Adenosine 1- Chest discomfort (dyspnea)
2- Flushing
81- Atropine 1- Dry mouth
2- Mydriasis
3- Arrhythmia
82- Statins , fibrates 1- Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis
2- Increase risk of DM
3- Elevated liver enzyme (liver damage)
83- Niacin (B3) 1- GI upset
2- Flushing , itching
84- NSAIDs 1- GI upset
2- Peptic ulcer (especially aspirin)
3- Renal dysfunction
4- MI , Stroke
5- Prolonged bleeding time
85- Colchicine (for gout) 1- GI upset
2- Pancytopenia
3- Liver damage
86- Allopurinol 1- GI upset
2- Skin rash
3- Elevated liver enzyme (liver damage)
87- Azathioprine 1- GI upset
2- Hypersensitivity
3- Acute pancreatitis
4- Leucopenia
88- Cyclosporine , 1- Nephrotoxicity
tacrolimus 2- Headache , hyperkalemia
3- gingival hyperplasia (cyclosporine)
89- Infliximab 1- infection at the site of injection (common)
(TNF-α blocker) 2- TB, lymphoma
90- Rituximab 1- Hepatitis B re-activation , progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC virus
reactivation
2- Severe infusion reaction , cardiac arrest , cytokine
release syndrome
3- Tumor lysis syndrome → acute kidney injury
4- Pulmonary toxicity
5- Bowel obstruction and perforation
91- Heparin, LMWH 1- Bleeding tendency
2- Thrombocytopenia, thrombosis
92- Fondaparinux As heparin
(indirect Xa inhibitor)
93- Xaban group Bleeding tendency
(direct Xa inhibitor)
94- Dabigatran Bleeding tendency
(direct thrombin inhibitor)
95- Warfarin 1- Bleeding tendency
2- BM suppression (osteoporosis)
3- purple toe syndrome
96- Tranexamic acid 1- Impaired color vision
2- Venous thrombosis
3- Anaphylaxis
97- Abciximab Bleeding tendency
(GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor)

98- Alteplase Bleeding tendency

(fibrinolytic)
99- Metaclopromide
(dopamine agonist)
100- Ondansetron
(selective 5-HT3 inhibitor)
101- Orlistat
(lipase inhibitor)
102- Misoprostol
(mucosal protective)
103- Lopermide
(opioid agonist,anti-diarrheal)
1- Restlessness (akathisia), and focal dystonia
2- Hypertension, hypotension, hyperprolactinaemia
leading to galactorrhea
3- extrapyramidal effects : oculogyric crisis
1- Headache , constipation
2- QT prolongation
1- Steatorrhea (oily loose stole)
2- Acute kidney injury
3- Breast cancer
Abdominal pain , diarrhea
1- Paralytic ileus , angioedema
2- Erythema multiforme , SJS, Urine retention
104- Sulfasalazine
(5-aminosalicylates)
105- Ipratrobium
bromide
106- Montelukast
107- Omalizumab
(monoclonal IgE AB inhibitor)
108- Alpha-agonist
(oxymetazoline, phenylephrine)
109- Inhaled steroids
110- Daptomycin
111- Co-trimoxazole
(anti-folate)
112- Amphotericin B
113- Anti-fungal
(conazole)
114- Anti-neoplastic
(cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide)
115- Cisplatin
1- GI upset
2- Male infertility (reversible)
3- Myelosuppression (leukopenia, neutropenia,
agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, and
thrombocytopenia)
4- Hair loss, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis
5- Myocarditis, and pericarditis
6- lupus-erythematosus-like reactions, and rash
(including urticaria), drug fever, interstitial nephritis
and nephrotic syndrome
7- Rare: exacerbation of the symptoms of colitis,
SJS, erythema multiforme
1- Dry mouth , tachycardia
2- Bronchitis
1- GI upset
2- Elevated liver enzymes, fever
3- Rare: Paresthesias and seizures , angioedema
1- GI upset
2- Weight loss
3- Anaphylaxis (common)
1- CNS effects (tremor , insomnia)
2- Rebound congestion
Oral candidiasis
1- Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis (not mixed with statin)
2- Eosinophilic pneumonia
3- HTN , hypotension , swelling , dyspnea
4- Hepatotoxicity : elevated ALT
1- Hypersensitivity → rash
2- Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency
3- Rare : SJS
1- GI upset , hypersensitivity related to infusion
2- Nephrotoxicity , hepatotoxicity
3- Hypo K+ , Mg+
1- GI upset
2- Hepatotoxicity
1- Myelosuppression (BM suppression)
2- Hemorrhagic cystitis
3- Encephalopathy (ifosfamide)
1- Myelosuppression (BM suppression)
2- Nephrotoxicity , peripheral neuropathy
116- Methotrexate 1- Myelosuppression (BM suppression)
(anti-folate) 2- Nephrotoxicity (stones)
3- Stomatitis
4- Hepatotoxicity, pneumonitis (long-term use)
117- Vinblastine 1- Myelosuppression (BM suppression)
2- Peripheral neuropathy
3- Constipation
118- Anthracyclines 1- Myelosuppression (BM suppression)
(cytotoxics , rubicin) 2- Cardiac toxicity: fatal dilated cardiomyopathy
119- Bleomycin 1- flu-like symptoms and include fever, rash,
dermatographism, hyperpigmentation
2- alopecia (hair loss)
3- Pulmonary fibrosis
120- Hydroxyurea 1- Myelosuppression (BM suppression)
2- GI upset
121- Tamoxifen 1- QT prolongation
2- Venous thrombosis
3- Flushing