Philippine Architecture History

1900 – 1919 BUILDING THE AMERICAN TROPICAL EMPIRE

 AMERICAN ARCHITECTS
o William Cameron Forbes – American Commissioner
o Daniel Burnham
 Prepared development plan for Manila & Baguio (summer capital)
 Reliance Building , Chicago
 Monadnock Building , Chicago
 Paid a 6 week visit to Philippines
 Prepared site for
1. Manila Hotel
2. Army & Navy Club
3. Philippine General Hospital
4. Post Office
o Pierce Anderson – assistant of D. Burnham
o William Parsons
 Implementation of D. Burnham’s plans
 Buildings Designed:
1. Manila Hotel
2. Army & Navy Club
3. Philippine General Hospital
4. Philippine Normal School
5. Women’s Dormitory of the Normal School
6. University Hal l of the University of the Philippipnes (Padre Faura)
7. YMCA building
8. Elk’s Club
9. Manila Club
10. “Gabaldon ” schoolhouse, most visible, 5 prototypes
o George Fenhagen
o Ralph Harrington Doane

 LEADING FILIPINO MAESTROS DE OBRAS

1. “ARCADIO” ARELLANO
o Appointed by C.G. Taft as consulting architect for the Americans
o Insular Ice Plant & Storage, first large building erected by Americans
o Pioneered the setting up of an Architectural & Surveying office in the
Philippines
2. “JUAN” ARELLANO
o Most prolific artist-designer
o Buildings:
1. Legislative building , major work
2. Post Office building
3. Metropolitan Theatre
4. Rizal Memorial Stadium
5. Benitez Hall (UP)
6. Malcolm Hall (UP)
3. “TOMAS” ARGUELLES
o Public a dministrator; advocated “Building Code of Manila”
4. CARLOS BARETTO
o First Filipino architect with academic degree abroad (Pennsylvania)
o Pioneering Staff of “Division of Architecture”
5. ANTONIO TOLEDO
o Master of Neoclassicist style
o Among the first architect-educators
o Assistant to William Parsons
o Buildings:
1. Cebu Custom House
 2. National Museum Building
3. City Hall of Manila
o
6. TOMAS MAPUA
o First registered architect in the Philippines
o Established M.I.T. – first architectural school in the Philippines
o Buildings:
1. De La Salle School
2. Centro Escolar University
3. Nurse’s Home

 THE SECOND GENERATION ARCHITECTS (with Foreign Education)

1. ANDRES LUNA DE SAN PEDRO
o Popularized the “El Nido” style
o Buildings:
1. Legarda Elemntary School
2. Regina Building
3. Crystal Arcade
4. Natividad Building
5. Perez-Samanillo Building
6. Insular Life ???

2. JUAN NAKPIL
o 1 s t National Artist of Architecture
o Buildings:
1. Geronimo Reyes Building
2. Capitol Theatre
3. Rizal theatre
4. Manila Jockey Club
5. Quezon Institue
6. UP administration building (Quezon Hall)
7. Library Building (Gonzales Hall)
8. SSS (use of folded concrete plates as aesthetic features)

3. PABLO ANTONIO
o 2 n d National Artist of Architecture
o Buildings:
1. Bel-Air Alhambra Apartments
2. Syquia Apartments
3. Sea Tower apartments
4. Far Eastern University Building
5. Ideal Theatre
6. Lyric Theatre
7. May building (brise soleil)

 THE THIRD GENERATION ARCHITECTS (form follows function/international style)

1. CESAR CONCIO
o Buildings:
1. Church of the Risen Lord (UP)
2. Melchor Hall (UP- Eng& Arch building))
3. Palma Hall (UP-CAS building))
4. Insular Life Building (1 s t brise soleil)
5. Children’s Hospital (NORTH General Hospital/Jose Reyes Hospital Pablo Cruz
2. ANGEL NAKPIL
o Buildings:
1. National Press Club, Bauhaus inspired
2. Lopez Museum
3. ALFREDO LUZ
4. OTILLO ARELLANO
 5. FELIPE MENDOZA
6. GABRIEL FORMOSO
o Buildings:
1. “Valley” Golf & Country Club
2. Asian Institute of Management
3. Central Bank of the Philippines
4. Pacific Star Building
5. PBcom tower
7. “CAR LOS” ARGUELLES
o Buildings:
1. Philamlife Homes, Quezon City
2. Philamlife building
3. “Urdaneta” Apartments
4. Aglipayan Church

 OTHER NOTABLE ARCHITECTS:

1. LEANDRO LOCSIN
o 3 R D National artist for architecture
o Buildings:
1. The Church of Holy Sacrifice (UP) – 1 s t project of L.Locsin
2. Monterey Apartments, Ayala Avenue
3. St. Andrew’s Church
4. Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)
5. Philippine International Convention Center (PICC)
6. Philippine Pavilion at “1970” World Exposition
7. Makati Stock Exchange
8. Philippine Stock Exchange
9. Philippine Plaza Hotel
10. Manila International Airport
11. New Istana, Brunei
2.
3.

Trivia:
 UY-CHACO building , the first and only Art Noveau high-rise in the Philippines
 ART DECO – coined by Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes
 Philippine College of Design by:
1. Juan Nakpil
2. Andres Luna de San Pedro
3. Juan Arellano
4. Fernando Ocampo
5. Victorio Edades
6. Pablo Antonio
7. Angel Nakpil
 BUILDINGS & ARCHITECTS:
o Quezon Memorial - - - - Federico Ilustre
o GSIS building - - - - - Federico Ilustre
o Veteran’s Memorial Building - - Federico Ilustre

o Feati University Building - - - Fernando Ocampo

o Ambassador Hotel (1 s t skyscraper 4flrs) - Fernando Ocampo
o UST seminary building - - - Fernando Ocampo

o Times Theatre (1 s t with backlights) - - Luis Araneta

o Manila Doctor’s Hospital - - - Luis Araneta

o Jai-Alai Building - - - - Wuderman & Becket

o Iglesia Ni Cristo - - - - Carlos Santos Viola
 o UST Engineering & Architecture Bldg. - Julio Rocha (brise soleil)
o UST main building - - - - Roque Rueno
o Meralco Building - - - - Jose Zaragoza

o Quiapo Mosque - - - - Jorge Ramos

o Philippine Heart Center - - - Jorge Ramos

o Tahanang Filipino - - - - Francisco Manosa

o San Miguel Corporation Headquarters - Manosa Brothers (Jose, Manuel, Francisco)
o Manila Film Center - - - - Frolian Hong
o ADB - - - - - - SOM
o Robinson’s Galleria - - - - William Coscolluela
o SM megamall - - - - - Antonio Sindiong

o Magsaysay Center - - - - Alfredo Luz

o WHO building - - - - Alfredo Luz
o Ermita Center - - - - Alfredo Luz

o Shell House - - - - - Gabino de Leon

o Kapitbahayan Housing Project - - Gabino de Leon

o Victoria’s Church - - - - A. Raymond

o PAGASA BLISS housing - - - de leon, manosa, paloma, Manahan

o Supreme Court - - - - Arellano

o
o

High-Rise Buildings:
(PRS) PIMENTEL, RODRIGUEZ, SIMBULAN & PATNERS
 PLDT TOWER , Ayala avenue, Makati City
 6790 , Ayala avenue, Makati City
 CITIBANK TOWER , Paseo de Roxas, Makati City
 AYALA LIFE FGU , Ayala avenue, Makati City
 EQUITABLE BANK TOWERS ,
 RENNAISANCE 2000
 RENNAISANCE TOWERS

LOCSIN & PARTNERS

 AYALA TOWER 1, Ayala Avenue , Makati City (consultant: S.O.M.)

RECIO + CASAS
 PACIFIC PLAZA TOWERS , Fort Bonifacio (arquitectonica)
 ICEC TOWER, manila (Kohn Petersen Fox Associates)
 KINGSWOOD , Vito Cruz, Makati City
 MANANSALA TOWER , Rockwell center, Makati City

GABRIEL FORMOSO & PARTNERS

 GT INTERNATIONAL TOWER, Ayala avenue, Makati City
 OAKWOOD PREMIER RESIDENCE
 PBCOM TOWER, Ayala avenue, Makati City

S.O.M .
 PETRON, MEGAPLAZA
 JIN MAO TOWER
HELLMUTH, OKATA, KASSABAUM
 ROBINSON’S EQUITABLE TOWER (cosculluela)

PHILIP RECTO
 ONE SAN MIGUEL, ortigas

PALAFOX
 ROCKWELL (S.O.M.)
 FORBES TOWER, manila (RMJM London unlimited)

PEI COBB FREED & PARTNERS

 ESSENSA TOWERS (Pablo Antonio jr)

Philippine Church Architecture:

CA LASIAO , Pangasinan
- 2 N D best bell tower
- Roman Dalinao
LAOAG CHURCH, Ilocos Norte
- Sinking bell tower
- Joseph Ruiz
LAS PINAS CHURCH
- Bamboo organ
- Diego Cera
LOBOC, Bohol
- Biggest murals
-
MANILA CATHEDRAL
- Salaza r
-
MIAGAO CHURCH, ilo-ilo
- Coconut tree
- Comporedando & Gonzales
MORONG CHURCH, Rizal
- Baroque
- dela madre
PANAY CHURCH
- Largest bell
-
QUIAPO CHURCH
- Restored by Nakpil & Zaragoza
-
SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH
- Oldest church
- Macias
SAN SEBASTIAN
- Palacios
-
TAAL CHURCH, batangas
- Anton & Oliver
-