BIOS-251 Anatomy and Physiology With Lab Self-Test

Name: Score:
37 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 37
In facilitated diffusions, a molecule is moved ______
Affinity of the receptor for the messenger

Receptor upgregulation
messenger concentration
number of receptors for the messenger
Strength of binding between the messenger and receptor
Down its concentration gradient with the assistance of a protein carrier molecule and no
energy is required
Amplify the response to the first messenger
Term 2 of 37
Which type of chemical messenger, when released, binds to receptors on the same cell that
released the chemical messenger?
Potassium
Transmembrane protein
Autocrine
Oligodendrocytes
Term 3 of 37
The negative feedback, a ____ detects a change in a regulated variable and sends the information
to a(n) ____ which relays the signal to a(n) ____, usually a muscle or gland
during the absolute refractory periofd
Homeostasis : Negative feedback
Sensor : Integration center : effector
Term 4 of 37
In secondary active transport with sodium, which of the following is NOT TRUE
The region just behind the action potential is in the absolute refractory period
The molecule being transported always moves down the concentration gradient
Closure of sodium channels and opening of potassium
Term 5 of 37
The most abundant component of the plasma membrane is ____ ; ;these molecules form the
hydrophobic region of the bilayer
Axon hillock
Threshold potential
Gap junctions
phospholipids
Term 6 of 37
When molecules are passively transported across a membrane, the direction of their movement is
always
Opening of sodium channels
From higher to lower concentration
Due to the frequency of action-potentials
Term 7 of 37
The Na+/ K+ pump (Na+/K+ ATPase) is an example of a(n)
Both primary and secondary active transport
Primary active transporter
Term 8 of 37
Which of the following compartments contain most of the water found in the human body?
. Intracellular fluid
plasma
. interstitial fluid
. extracellular fluid
Term 9 of 37
As the number of receptors on the cell membrane decreases due to down regulation, the
response of a target cell will ____
Decrease
Endocrine
Receptor
Electrochemical gradient
Term 10 of 37
What best describes the electrochemical forces acting on sodium and potassium
The force on sodium ions is to move into the cell and the force of potassium ions to move
out
Movement of sodium through ion channels
Term 11 of 37
In neurons, the membrane potential that causes voltage gated sodium channels to open is called
phospholipids
Oligodendrocytes
Threshold potential
Potassium: out of
Term 12 of 37
If the graded potential remains above threshold once it reaches the ________, an action potential will
be generated.
Decrease
Axon hillock
phospholipids
Term 13 of 37
Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms is passive?
Potassium
The force on sodium ions is to move into the cell and the force of potassium ions to move
out

Term 14 of 37
How can action potenials relay information about the intensity of a stimulus, such as distinguishing
between warm vs hot skin temp?
On the side where the molecule is in a lower concentration

Term 15 of 37
With regards to leak channels, the membrane is most permeable to ____, which move s____ to cell
due to its electrochemical gradient
Potassium
Threshold potential
Potassium: out of
Term 16 of 37
What organelle synthesizes most of the ATP used in cells?
Endocrine
Oligodendrocytes
Mitochondria
nervous tissue
Term 17 of 37
The process of maintainging the internal environment in a state that is compatible for life is called
____; and it occurs primarily through ____

Term 18 of 37
The affinity of a receptor for its messenger is a measure of the ____
Term 19 of 37
Of the gradients what describes the force that ultimately decides the movement of ions accross
the membrane?
Axon hillock
Decrease
Term 20 of 37
What type of ductless glands secrets hormones into the bloodstream?
Endocrine
nervous tissue
Oligodendrocytes
Autocrine
Term 21 of 37
The function of a second chemical messenger system is to ____
Term 22 of 37
As an action potential is propagated along a neuron, why does propogation continue in only one
direction?
Term 23 of 37
Wha transport mechanisms require energy?
Mitochondria

Term 24 of 37
Inracellular communication can occur through the binding of a chemical messenger released
from one cell to a specific ____ on another cell
Autocrine
Receptor
Decrease
Axon hillock
Term 25 of 37
Comparing intracellular to extracellular fluid, the intracellular fluid has a ____ charge relative to the
outside of a cell due to the presence of more ____ in that solution
Negative : anions
Term 26 of 37
Organs of the body are defined as
A collection of similar cells that perform similar functions
Two or more tissues combined to form a structure that allows each tissue to function
independently
A collection of cells that function independently from one another
A combination of two or more tissues that make a structure which performs a specific
function
Term 27 of 37
Which of the following will affect the magnitude if a cell's resposne to a specific chemical
messenger
Potassium
Autocrine

Term 28 of 37
Which tissue cells conduct electricla signals primarily via electrical impulses
Gap junctions
Endocrine
Potassium
nervous tissue
Term 29 of 37
The repolarization phase (phase 2) of the action potential in a neuron is driven by the ____

Term 30 of 37
The smallest living units that are capable of carrying out the basic life processes are
Cells
Potassium
Receptor
Decrease
Term 31 of 37
Direct communication between cells in contact with one another is accomplished through
Gap junctions
phospholipids
Oligodendrocytes
Autocrine
Term 32 of 37
During which of the following states are the voltage-gated sodium channels closed adn
incapable of opening and is "locked", so that a second action potential cannot be generated

Term 33 of 37
Th depolarization phase (phase 1 ) of the action potential is generation by a rapid ____
Threshold potential
Term 34 of 37
What type of integral membrane protein spans the membrane, thereby allowing part of it to face
the cytosol and another part to face the extracellular fluid
Autocrine
Endocrine
Potassium: out of
Term 35 of 37
Which type of cell provides the myelin sheath for many axons in the central nervous system?
Autocrine
Endocrine
Oligodendrocytes
nervous tissue
Term 36 of 37
In active transport, the affinity of the carrier protein for the molecule being transported is greater
on which side of the membrane
Term 37 of 37
Which of the following ions is found in greater concentration inside the cell than outside?
Potassium
Autocrine
nervous tissue
Potassium: out of
Privacy Terms English (USA)

Term 1 of 37
In facilitated diffusions, a molecule is moved ______
Give this one a try later!

Down its concentration gradient with the assistance of a protein carrier molecule
and no energy is required
Term 2 of 37
Which type of chemical messenger, when released, binds to receptors on

the same cell that released the chemical messenger?
Potassium
Autocrine
Oligodendrocytes
Term 3 of 37
The negative feedback, a ____ detects a change in a regulated variable and
sends the information to a(n) ____ which relays the signal to a(n) ____, usually
a muscle or gland
Term 4 of 37
In secondary active transport with sodium, which of the following is NOT

TRUE
Term 5 of 37
The most abundant component of the plasma membrane is ____ ; ;these

molecules form the hydrophobic region of the bilayer
Axon hillock
Threshold potential
Gap junctions
phospholipids
Term 6 of 37
When molecules are passively transported across a membrane, the
direction of their movement is always
Term 7 of 37
The Na+/ K+ pump (Na+/K+ ATPase) is an example of a(n)

Term 8 of 37
Which of the following compartments contain most of the water found in

the human body?
. Intracellular fluid
plasma
. interstitial fluid
. extracellular fluid
Term 9 of 37
As the number of receptors on the cell membrane decreases due to down

regulation, the response of a target cell will ____

Decrease
Endocrine
Receptor
Term 10 of 37
What best describes the electrochemical forces acting on sodium and

potassium

The force on sodium ions is to move into the cell and the force of potassium ions
to move out
Term 11 of 37
In neurons, the membrane potential that causes voltage gated sodium

channels to open is called
phospholipids
Oligodendrocytes
Threshold potential
Potassium: out of
Term 12 of 37
If the graded potential remains above threshold once it reaches the ________,
an action potential will be generated.
Decrease
Axon hillock
phospholipids
Term 13 of 37
Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms is passive?
Potassium
The force on sodium ions is to move into the cell and the force of potassium ions to
move out

Term 14 of 37
How can action potenials relay information about the intensity of a

stimulus, such as distinguishing between warm vs hot skin temp?

Term
15 of 37
With regards to leak channels, the membrane is most permeable to ____,

which move s____ to cell due to its electrochemical gradient
Potassium
Threshold potential
Potassium: out of
Term 16 of 37
What organelle synthesizes most of the ATP used in cells?
Endocrine
Oligodendrocytes
Mitochondria
nervous tissue
Term 17 of 37
The process of maintainging the internal environment in a state that is

compatible for life is called ____; and it occurs primarily through ____
Term 18 of 37
The affinity of a receptor for its messenger is a measure of the ____

Term 19 of 37
Of the gradients what describes the force that ultimately decides the
movement of ions accross the membrane?
Axon hillock

Decrease
Term 20 of 37
What type of ductless glands secrets hormones into the bloodstream?
Endocrine
nervous tissue
Oligodendrocytes
Autocrine
Term 21 of 37
The function of a second chemical messenger system is to ____

Term 22 of 37
As an action potential is propagated along a neuron, why does

propogation continue in only one direction?
Term 23 of 37
Wha transport mechanisms require energy?
Mitochondria
Term 24 of 37
Inracellular communication can occur through the binding of a chemical

messenger released from one cell to a specific ____ on another cell
Autocrine
Receptor
Decrease
Axon hillock
Term 25 of 37
Comparing intracellular to extracellular fluid, the intracellular fluid has a

____ charge relative to the outside of a cell due to the presence of more ____
in that solution
Negative : anions
Term 26 of 37
Organs of the body are defined as

A collection of similar cells that perform similar functions
Two or more tissues combined to form a structure that allows each tissue to function
independently
A collection of cells that function independently from one another
A combination of two or more tissues that make a structure which performs a

specific function
Term 27 of 37
Which of the following will affect the magnitude if a cell's resposne to a

specific chemical messenger
Potassium
Autocrine
Term 28 of 37
Which tissue cells conduct electricla signals primarily via electrical

impulses
Gap junctions
Endocrine
Potassium
nervous tissue
Term 29 of 37
The repolarization phase (phase 2) of the action potential in a neuron is
driven by the ____
Term 30 of 37
The smallest living units that are capable of carrying out the basic life
processes are
Cells
Potassium
Receptor
Decrease
Term 31 of 37
Direct communication between cells in contact with one another is

accomplished through
Gap junctions
phospholipids
Oligodendrocytes
Autocrine
Term 32 of 37
During which of the following states are the voltage-gated sodium

channels closed adn incapable of opening and is "locked", so that a
second action potential cannot be generated
Term 33 of 37
Th depolarization phase (phase 1 ) of the action potential is generation by

a rapid ____
Threshold potential

Term 34 of 37
What type of integral membrane protein spans the membrane, thereby

allowing part of it to face the cytosol and another part to face the
extracellular fluid
Autocrine
Endocrine
Potassium: out of
Term 35 of 37
Which type of cell provides the myelin sheath for many axons in the
central nervous system?
Autocrine
Endocrine
Oligodendrocytes
nervous tissue
Term 36 of 37
In active transport, the affinity of the carrier protein for the molecule being
transported is greater on which side of the membrane

Term 37 of 37
Which of the following ions is found in greater concentration inside the

cell than outside?
Potassium
Autocrine
nervous tissue
Potassium: out of
Privacy Terms English (USA)

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37 Multiple choice questions

Affinity of the receptor for the messenger

Strength of binding between the messenger and receptor

Amplify the response to the first messenger

during the absolute refractory periofd

Homeostasis : Negative feedback

Sensor : Integration center : effector

Strength of binding between the messenger and receptor

Closure of sodium channels and opening of potassium

Opening of sodium channels

From higher to lower concentration

Due to the frequency of action-potentials

Homeostasis : Negative feedback

Amplify the response to the first messenger

Both primary and secondary active transport

Opening of sodium channels

Primary active transporter

Movement of sodium through ion channels

Movement of sodium through ion channels

Affinity of the receptor for the messenger

Amplify the response to the first messenger

Due to the frequency of action-potentials

On the side where the molecule is in a lower concentration

Homeostasis : Negative feedback

From higher to lower concentration

Due to the frequency of action-potentials

Amplify the response to the first messenger

Strength of binding between the messenger and receptor

Closure of sodium channels and opening of potassium

Due to the frequency of action-potentials

Primary active transporter

Due to the frequency of action-potentials

Amplify the response to the first messenger

during the absolute refractory periofd

On the side where the molecule is in a lower concentration

Due to the frequency of action-potentials

Both primary and secondary active transport

Homeostasis : Negative feedback

Strength of binding between the messenger and receptor

during the absolute refractory periofd

Sensor : Integration center : effector

A collection of similar cells that perform similar functions

A collection of cells that function independently from one another

Affinity of the receptor for the messenger

Opening of sodium channels

Closure of sodium channels and opening of potassium

Amplify the response to the first messenger

Strength of binding between the messenger and receptor

Sensor : Integration center : effector

during the absolute refractory periofd

Amplify the response to the first messenger

Due to the frequency of action-potentials

Closure of sodium channels and opening of potassium

Opening of sodium channels

On the side where the molecule is in a lower concentration

Due to the frequency of action-potentials

Privacy Terms English (USA)

In facilitated diffusions, a molecule is moved ______

Give this one a try later!

Affinity of the receptor for the messenger

Amplify the response to the first messenger