Name: Score:

196 Multiple choice questions

Term 1 of 196
examples of polysaccharides

amino and carboxyl

starch, glycogen, cellulose

peptide bond

amylose and amylopectin

Term 2 of 196
crural

foot

upper arm

leg

front of elbow

Term 3 of 196
atomic weight

any substance that gives off or forms ions when dissolved in water

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons
around them

average mass of an atom of that element

protons, neutrons, and electrons total
Term 4 of 196
atomic number

a nitrogen atom in an organic molecule

effects the type of possible chemical reactions

nucleus of the atom

the number of protons in an atom

Term 5 of 196
sensor (receptor)

detects changes in the environment from a particular set point

responds to stimuli
sends sensory information via sensory neurons to control center via afferent pathway

a biomolecule that allows both plants and animals to pass on their genetic code to future
generations
built from nucleotides

resists pH change when acid or base is added to the solution

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

Term 6 of 196
How is a dissacharide formed?

when the hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide reacts with the hydroxyl group of
another monosaccharide

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support
movement. Made up of bones and joints

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic organs)

Term 7 of 196
Antecubital

upper arm

front of elbow

toward the midline of the body

lower right region

Term 8 of 196
Dissacharides

dissolve well in water, hydrogen bonds allow cations and anions to be separately
stabilized

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

A sugar containing two monosaccharides. Example: sucrose which is fructose + glucose

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 9 of 196
protons

+99 charge

+1 charge

+9 charge

+6 charge
Term 10 of 196
heterogenous mixture

Attraction between molecules of the same substance (water to water)

the number of protons in an atom

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

Term 11 of 196
What makes a fatty acid insoluble in water?

the long carbon chain

nucleus of the atom

farther from the body surface

peptide bond
Term 12 of 196
Carbon

a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons
around them

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

atom most vital for life, has 4 unpaired valence electrons allowing each carbon to make 4
bonds

-1 charge, smaller mass than protons and neutrons

Term 13 of 196
skeletal system

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)

unbranched chain of 3-8 carbon atoms
have either a ketone or aldehyde functional group

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support
movement. Made up of bones and joints

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body.
Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

Term 14 of 196
A chain of 2 amino acids

the long carbon chain

amino and carboxyl

dipeptide

peptide bond
Term 15 of 196
lymphatic system

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against
infection.

atom most vital for life, has 4 unpaired valence electrons allowing each carbon to make 4
bonds

complex carbohydrates, formed by linkage of many monosaccharides

Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that
attach bones together to form joint

Term 16 of 196
non polar covalent bond

formation of a polymer

equal sharing of electrons

shorter single strands

nucleus of the atom

Term 17 of 196
properties of water

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can participate in
chemical reactions
Term 18 of 196
Steroids

lipids that give rise to key physiological effects in body

some have 4-ring structure

formed by nonmetals sharing electrons

An attraction between molecules of different substances

lipid
has distinctive ring structure
Ex: cholesterol, prednisone

Term 19 of 196
2 types of starch

amino and carboxyl

the long carbon chain

amylose and amylopectin

peptide bond
Term 20 of 196
organic chemistry

equal sharing of electrons

effects the type of possible chemical reactions

the long carbon chain

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

Term 21 of 196
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

physically builds the proteins from amino acids

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally

many genes responsible for making proteins

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

Term 22 of 196
right iliac region

front of elbow

right lateral region just below the ribs

lower right region

region of the navel

Term 23 of 196
DNA function

carries out genetic code

the long carbon chain

many genes responsible for making proteins

key for expressing genetic differences

Term 24 of 196
What bond holds amino acids together?

equal sharing of electrons

the long carbon chain

amino and carboxyl

peptide bond

Term 25 of 196
Examples of dissacharides are:

ionic, covalent, metallic

sucrose, lactose, maltose

amylose and amylopectin

amino and carboxyl

Term 26 of 196
fatty acids

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

many genes responsible for making proteins

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

front of elbow

Term 27 of 196
function of proteins

amino and carboxyl

digest alcohol, build biomolecules, fight infections

source of energy
cellular respiration

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 28 of 196
ventral

Toward the ventral side

The study of body structure

Toward the front or belly

toward the tail or inferior end

Term 29 of 196
what are molecules held together by?

amino and carboxyl

intermolecular forces

fluid filled cavity

peptide bond

Term 30 of 196
Polysaccharides

complex carbohydrates, formed by linkage of many monosaccharides

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

superior region of cavity

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally

resists pH change when acid or base is added to the solution

Term 31 of 196
urinary system

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against
infection.

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body.
Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Term 32 of 196
metallic bond

the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical
reactions

a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons
around them

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

long term energy storage

key structural component
made mainly of hydrocarbons
single or double carbon-carbon bonds
insoluble in water

Term 33 of 196
Muscular System

a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons
around them

resists pH change when acid or base is added to the solution

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against
infection.

Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that
attach bones together to form joint
Term 34 of 196
tRNA (transfer RNA)

transports the building blocks of proteins (amino acids) block by block

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

To stand erect and facing forward with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward, feet flat on the floor.

inferior to the umbilical region

Term 35 of 196
examples of negative feedback

starch, glycogen, cellulose

body temperature, blood pressure, glucose levels

pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

function and behavior of the protein

Term 36 of 196
What is a neutral ph?

effects the type of possible chemical reactions

structural support in plants

0-14
0-6.9 acidic
7.1-14 basic
Term 37 of 196
electrolytes

average mass of an atom of that element

protons, neutrons, and electrons total

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

any substance that gives off or forms ions when dissolved in water

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Term 38 of 196
Acids

a nitrogen atom in an organic molecule

proton acceptors (h+), release oh- ions

proton donors, release hydrogen ions (H+)

peptide bond

Term 39 of 196
a chain of many amino acids

the long carbon chain

amino and carboxyl

peptide bond

polypeptide
Term 40 of 196
the law of mass balance

Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (oocytes)
ovaries, testes

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and
nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
hypothalamus.
pituitary.
thyroid.
parathyroids.
adrenals.
pineal body.
the ovaries.
the testes.

Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that
attach bones together to form joint

To maintain homeostasis, the body's input should be theoretically equal to the body's
output

Term 41 of 196
pelvic cavity

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

To stand erect and facing forward with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward, feet flat on the floor.

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

Term 42 of 196
Types of functional groups

Amino and carboxyl

Alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

Source of energy cellular respiration

High, able to absorb heat

Term 43 of 196
Nucleic acids

building of organic molecules, water is formed from the formation of a new bond

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

a biomolecule that allows both plants and animals to pass on their genetic code to future
generations
built from nucleotides

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional group
and breaks the molecule apart
ex: ester

Term 44 of 196
carpal

kneecap

thigh

neck

wrist
Term 45 of 196
proximal

Closer to the point of attachment or origin

toward the tail or inferior end

inferior to the umbilical region

toward the forehead or nose

Term 46 of 196
function of waxes (lipid)

any substance that gives off or forms ions when dissolved in water

found in plants and animals, used for protection especially from water

right lateral region just below the ribs

body temperature, blood pressure, glucose levels

Term 47 of 196
Abdominalpelvic quadrants

To stand erect and facing forward with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward, feet flat on the floor.

left upper region below the rib cartilage

childbirth, blood clotting, breast feeding

right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower

Term 48 of 196
Pelvic

kneecap

lower right region

upper arm

hip region

Term 49 of 196
set point

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

long term energy storage

key structural component
made mainly of hydrocarbons
single or double carbon-carbon bonds
insoluble in water

average acceptable value for a variable

homeostasis mechanisms work to keep values at the set point

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 50 of 196
Polymer

formation of a polymer

on the opposite side of the body (right or left)

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

larger more complex structures made of monomers

ex: DNA
Term 51 of 196
reproductive system

To maintain homeostasis, the body's input should be theoretically equal to the body's
output

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (oocytes)
ovaries, testes

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

Term 52 of 196
abdominal cavity

average mass of an atom of that element

protons, neutrons, and electrons total

a nitrogenous base, five carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) phosphate group

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

superior region of cavity

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Term 53 of 196
Hormones

do not separate over time and cannot be separated by most membranes,

also known as solutions
ex: salt water

+1 charge

lipids that give rise to key physiological effects in body

some have 4-ring structure

Contains particles large enough to scatter light, and appear cloudy. Can be
separated by a membrane, but not by settling out. Often have gel like
consistencies.
ex: silica nanoparticles in water, blood

Term 54 of 196
subdivisions of the thoracic cavity

serous membranes

fluid filled cavity

pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

high, able to absorb heat

Term 55 of 196
function of carbohydrates

digest alcohol, build biomolecules, fight infections

high, able to absorb heat

amino and carboxyl

source of energy
cellular respiration

Term 56 of 196
covalent bond

formed by nonmetals sharing electrons

formation of a polymer

equal sharing of electrons

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 57 of 196
Mediastinum

toward the midline of the body

space between the lungs

outside the nucleus

nucleus of the atom

Term 58 of 196
dorsal

toward back or spine

belonging naturally; essential

lower right region

toward the ventral side

Term 59 of 196
epigastric region

located above the stomach

lower left region

right lateral region just below the ribs

nucleus of the atom

Term 60 of 196
ketone group

Alpha Helix, Beta Pleated Sheet, Triple Helix

C=O

Alcohol, Carboxylic Acid, Amine, Ester

Peptide Bond
Term 61 of 196
examples of positive feedback

pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

starch, glycogen, cellulose

pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

childbirth, blood clotting, breast feeding

Term 62 of 196
circulatory system

when the hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide reacts with the hydroxyl group of
another monosaccharide

H-C=O

To maintain homeostasis, the body's input should be theoretically equal to the body's
output

(aka cardiovascular system) This system works as the transportation highway for the body.
It consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. It transports substances such as oxygen,
carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the body.

Term 63 of 196
Where are electrons located?

fluid filled cavity

nucleus of the atom

toward the ventral side

outside the nucleus

Term 64 of 196
distal

toward back or spine

average acceptable value for a variable

homeostasis mechanisms work to keep values at the set point

dissolve well in water, hydrogen bonds allow cations and anions to be separately
stabilized

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
trunk

Term 65 of 196
How many different amino acids are used to make peptides and proteins in our body?

20

below

small and flexible

have a bi-concave shape
maximum surface area to absorb oxygen
have a thin membrane
contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

fluid filled cavity

Term 66 of 196
Triglycerides

double helix, deoxyribose sugar with phosphate to form backbone

simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)

unbranched chain of 3-8 carbon atoms
have either a ketone or aldehyde functional group

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules

of fatty acid.

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional group
and breaks the molecule apart
ex: ester

Term 67 of 196
Molecules

Closer to the point of attachment or origin

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

front of elbow

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Term 68 of 196
Element

a form of matter that cannot be broken down any further by chemical reactions

positively and negatively charged atoms due to an imbalance of protons and electrons

the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element

average acceptable value for a variable

homeostasis mechanisms work to keep values at the set point
Term 69 of 196
ionic bond

a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

when one of the atoms in a bond has a higher affinity for electrons than the
other

held in place by hydrogen bonds, forms tight coil resembling telephone

cord

form between cations and anions

forms by transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals

Term 70 of 196
How is cellulose formed?

alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

high, able to absorb heat

many glucose molecules linked together

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 71 of 196
Water has what heat capacity?

alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

source of energy
cellular respiration

high, able to absorb heat

Term 72 of 196
How does the structure of red blood cells contribute to function?

small and flexible

have a bi-concave shape
maximum surface area to absorb oxygen
have a thin membrane
contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

A type of lipid molecule consisting of one fatty acid linked to an alcohol (instead of
glycerol); have distinctive COOC (ester) functional group

one liquid suspended but not dissolved in another, often one liquid is oil based and the
other water based
ex: homogenous mixture of oil and water

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus
Term 73 of 196
Brachial

foot

upper arm

front of elbow

forearm

Term 74 of 196
intrinstic

amino and carboxyl

lower right region

belonging naturally; essential

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Term 75 of 196
aldehyde group

H-C=O

Alcohol, Carboxylic Acid, Amine, Ester

Peptide Bond

Equal Sharing Of Electrons

Term 76 of 196
Emulsion

Lymphatic, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Reproductive, Integumentary, Endocrine, skeletal,

Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Muscular
- LN CRIES DRUM

one liquid suspended but not dissolved in another, often one liquid is oil based and the
other water based
ex: homogenous mixture of oil and water

A type of lipid molecule consisting of one fatty acid linked to an alcohol (instead of
glycerol); have distinctive COOC (ester) functional group

cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can participate in
chemical reactions

Term 77 of 196
appendicular skeleton

toward the front or belly

includes upper and lower appendages

lower left region

upper arm

Term 78 of 196
Physiology

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

The study of body parts and how they interact with each other.

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional group
and breaks the molecule apart
ex: ester
Term 79 of 196
Can our bodies break down cellulose?

function and behavior of the protein

No, too stable for our bodies to break down

Closer to the point of attachment or origin

childbirth, blood clotting, breast feeding

Term 80 of 196
Alcohol

OH group attached to a carbon chain

example: propanol-- CH3CH2CH2OH

when the hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide reacts with the hydroxyl group of
another monosaccharide

Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that
attach bones together to form joint

form between cations and anions

forms by transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals
Term 81 of 196
Functional groups of proteins

peptide bond

amylose and amylopectin

amino and carboxyl

source of energy
cellular respiration

Term 82 of 196
left hypochondriac region

right lateral region just below the ribs

left upper region below the rib cartilage

lower left region

located above the stomach

Term 83 of 196
Homeostasis

The study of body parts and how they interact with each other.

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

physical and chemical conditions the body will constantly be regulating in order to sustain
optimal environment for which cells, tissues, and organs can survive/function properly

closer to the body surface

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional group
and breaks the molecule apart
ex: ester
Term 84 of 196
mRNA (messenger RNA)

body temperature, blood pressure, glucose levels

physically builds the proteins from amino acids

transfers the genetic code out of the nucleus

left upper region below the rib cartilage

Term 85 of 196
primary protein structure

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

amino and carboxyl

shorter single strands

sequence of amino acids

Term 86 of 196
three main types of bonding

starch, glycogen, cellulose

ionic, covalent, metallic

alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

fluid filled cavity

Term 87 of 196
Buffer solution

resists pH change when acid or base is added to the solution

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

building of organic molecules, water is formed from the formation of a new bond

double helix, deoxyribose sugar with phosphate to form backbone

Term 88 of 196
homogeneous mixture

lipid
has distinctive ring structure
Ex: cholesterol, prednisone

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

form between cations and anions

forms by transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals

do not separate over time and cannot be separated by most membranes,

also known as solutions
ex: salt water
Term 89 of 196
Inferior

below

upper arm

closer to the body surface

hip region

Term 90 of 196
femoral

wrist

neck

kneecap

thigh

Term 91 of 196
nine abdominopelvic regions

a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons
around them

small and flexible

have a bi-concave shape
maximum surface area to absorb oxygen
have a thin membrane
contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

right lateral region just below the ribs

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar,
right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
Term 92 of 196
Ipsilateral

Divides the body into front and back portions.

key for expressing genetic differences

on the same side of the body (right or left)

physically builds the proteins from amino acids

Term 93 of 196
posterior

toward the ventral side

toward back or spine

toward the front or belly

toward the dorsal side

Term 94 of 196
Hydrolysis

simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)

unbranched chain of 3-8 carbon atoms
have either a ketone or aldehyde functional group

The study of body parts and how they interact with each other.

long term energy storage

key structural component
made mainly of hydrocarbons
single or double carbon-carbon bonds
insoluble in water

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional group
and breaks the molecule apart
ex: ester
Term 95 of 196
unsaturated fats

A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts,
and seeds (derived from plants)
double bond

A sugar containing two monosaccharides. Example: sucrose which is fructose + glucose

An attraction between molecules of different substances

3D folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

Term 96 of 196
Why is pH important?

many genes responsible for making proteins

nucleus of the atom

effects the type of possible chemical reactions

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

Term 97 of 196
polar covalent bond

on the opposite side of the body (right or left)

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally

Divides the body into front and back portions.

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

Term 98 of 196
Base Pairs for DNA

Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

A-T
G-C

Equal Sharing Of Electrons

0-14 0-6.9 Acidic 7.1-14 Basic

Term 99 of 196
Bases

proton acceptors (H+), release OH- ions

toward the sides of the body

equal sharing of electrons

many genes responsible for Making proteins

Term 100 of 196
pedal

forearm

upper arm

foot

thigh

Term 101 of 196

What is cellulose used for?

structural support in plants

region of the navel

high, able to absorb heat

the long carbon chain

Term 102 of 196
Saturated fats

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and

three molecules of fatty acid.

single bond
saturated with hydrogen
solid at room temperature
sourced from animals

held in place by hydrogen bonds, forms tight coil resembling telephone

cord

A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts,
and seeds (derived from plants)
double bond

Term 103 of 196

neutron

more than 50

neutral charge, 5

neutral charge, 0

+1 charge
Term 104 of 196
digital or phalangeal

neck

fingers

fluid filled cavity

wrist

Term 105 of 196

visceral layer

covers organ

serous membranes

fluid filled cavity

the long carbon chain

Term 106 of 196

the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by what?

intermolecular forces

diaphragm

serous membranes

fluid filled cavity

Term 107 of 196
medial

toward the ventral side

farther from the body surface

Toward the midline of the body

Toward back or spine

Term 108 of 196

ions

the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical
reactions

positively and negatively charged atoms due to an imbalance of protons and electrons

Adenine and Guanine

building of organic molecules, water is formed from the formation of a new bond

Term 109 of 196

frontal plane (coronal plane)

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

Divides the body into front and back portions.

Divides body into unequal right and left sides

many glucose molecules linked together

Term 110 of 196
lateral

toward the midline of the body

structural support in plants

toward the sides of the body

toward back or spine

Term 111 of 196

Waxes

toward the sides of the body

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

A type of lipid molecule consisting of one fatty acid linked to an alcohol (instead of
glycerol); have distinctive COOC (ester) functional group

average acceptable value for a variable

homeostasis mechanisms work to keep values at the set point

Term 112 of 196

adhesion

An attraction between molecules of different substances

Effects the type of possible chemical reactions

A nitrogen atom in an organic molecule

Key for expressing genetic differences

Term 113 of 196
cohesion

COOC in a structural formula

Attraction between molecules of the same substance (water to water)

single bond
saturated with hydrogen
solid at room temperature
sourced from animals

held in place by hydrogen bonds, forms tight coil resembling telephone

cord

Term 114 of 196

Contralateral

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical
reactions

on the same side of the body (right or left)

on the opposite side of the body (right or left)

Term 115 of 196
transverse plane

cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic organs)

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Term 116 of 196

function of body cavities

source of energy
cellular respiration

starch, glycogen, cellulose

Protect organs from accidental shock

Permit changes in size and shape of internal organs

resists pH change when acid or base is added to the solution

Term 117 of 196

pollex

thumb

groin

thigh

armpit
Term 118 of 196
superficial

the study of body structure

front of elbow

toward the midline of the body

closer to the body surface

Term 119 of 196

alpha helix

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and

three molecules of fatty acid.

held in place by hydrogen bonds, forms tight coil resembling telephone

cord

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages
Term 120 of 196
Lipids

positively and negatively charged atoms due to an imbalance of protons and electrons

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional group
and breaks the molecule apart
ex: ester

long term energy storage

key structural component
made mainly of hydrocarbons
single or double carbon-carbon bonds
insoluble in water

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

Term 121 of 196

integumentary system

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can participate in
chemical reactions

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

To maintain homeostasis, the body's input should be theoretically equal to the body's
output
Term 122 of 196
functional groups

the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical
reactions

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

superior region of cavity

average mass of an atom of that element

protons, neutrons, and electrons total

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Term 123 of 196

colloid suspension

a biomolecule that allows both plants and animals to pass on their genetic code to future
generations
built from nucleotides

Contains particles large enough to scatter light, and appear cloudy. Can be
separated by a membrane, but not by settling out. Often have gel like
consistencies.
ex: silica nanoparticles in water, blood

cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic organs)

a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

Term 124 of 196
Polymerization

region of the navel

equal sharing of electrons

formation of a polymer

cooc in a structural formula

Term 125 of 196

extrinsic

the long carbon chain

foreign, coming from outside

toward back or spine

toward the dorsal side

Term 126 of 196
tertiary protein structure

3D folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

formed by nonmetals sharing electrons

lipid
has distinctive ring structure
Ex: cholesterol, prednisone

single bond
saturated with hydrogen
solid at room temperature
sourced from animals

Term 127 of 196

Antebrachial

wrist

foot

forearm

thigh
Term 128 of 196
salts

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

a biomolecule that allows both plants and animals to pass on their genetic code to future
generations
built from nucleotides

dissolve well in water, hydrogen bonds allow cations and anions to be separately
stabilized

average acceptable value for a variable

homeostasis mechanisms work to keep values at the set point

Term 129 of 196

Pyrimidines

cytosine, thymine, uracil

nucleus of the atom

ionic, covalent, metallic

amino and carboxyl

Term 130 of 196

hypogastric region

right lateral region just below the ribs

inferior to the umbilical region

lower left region

lower right region

Term 131 of 196
anatomical position

To stand erect and facing forward with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward, feet flat on the floor.

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

superior region of cavity

Protect organs from accidental shock

Permit changes in size and shape of internal organs

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

Term 132 of 196

What is pH?

measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

structure and function compliment each other

any substance that gives off or forms ions when dissolved in water

average mass of an atom of that element

protons, neutrons, and electrons total

Term 133 of 196

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

complex carbohydrates, formed by linkage of many monosaccharides

a form of matter that cannot be broken down any further by chemical reactions
Term 134 of 196
nervous system

To maintain homeostasis, the body's input should be theoretically equal to the body's
output

when the hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide reacts with the hydroxyl group of
another monosaccharide

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the
body
brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves.

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

Term 135 of 196

Values of the pH scale

amino and carboxyl

0-14
0-6.18 acidic
7.1-14 basic

0-14
0-6.9 acidic
7.1-14 basic

alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

Term 136 of 196
Target (effector)

includes upper and lower appendages

receives instructions from control center, carries out instructions

provides appropriate response based on info from control center
response will either reduce (negative feedback) or enhance (positive feedback) the
effects of original stimulus

determines set point, receives information from the sensor, analyzes information,
determines appropriate response
instructions are sent via efferent pathway to target cells, tissues, organs, organ systems via
motor neurons

cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can participate in
chemical reactions

Term 137 of 196

negative feedback

primary and most common mechanism for regulation

reduces, shuts off, or counterbalances original stimulus that caused imbalance

a biomolecule that allows both plants and animals to pass on their genetic code to future
generations
built from nucleotides

detects changes in the environment from a particular set point

responds to stimuli
sends sensory information via sensory neurons to control center via afferent pathway

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

Term 138 of 196
amine

an attraction between molecules of different substances

cooc in a structural formula

a nitrogen atom in an organic molecule

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

Term 139 of 196

deep

farther from the body surface

closer to the body surface

toward back or spine

toward the midline of the body

Term 140 of 196

positive feedback

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

ribosome of the cell

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

superior region of cavity
Term 141 of 196
Structure of DNA

many genes responsible for making proteins

double helix, deoxyribose sugar with phosphate to form backbone

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Term 142 of 196

Amino Acids

amino and carboxyl

building blocks of proteins

the long carbon chain

peptide bond

Term 143 of 196

right hypochondriac region

right lateral region just below the ribs

lower right region

structural support in plants

located above the stomach

Term 144 of 196
beta pleated sheet

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

average mass of an atom of that element

protons, neutrons, and electrons total

double helix, deoxyribose sugar with phosphate to form backbone

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

Term 145 of 196

triple helix

the long carbon chain

three chains braided together

many glucose molecules linked together

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

Term 146 of 196
sagittal plane

toward back or spine

lower left region

divides body into left and right

lines cavity

Term 147 of 196

Where are protons and neutrons located?

nucleus of the atom

source of energy
cellular respiration

region of the navel

the long carbon chain

Term 148 of 196

Anatomy

Toward the midline of the body

Toward the ventral side

The number of protons in an atom

The study of body structure

Term 149 of 196
Dehydration

formation of a polymer

positively and negatively charged atoms due to an imbalance of protons and electrons

building of organic molecules, water is formed from the formation of a new bond

foreign, coming from outside

Term 150 of 196

atom

any substance that gives off or forms ions when dissolved in water

the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element

the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical
reactions

A type of lipid molecule consisting of one fatty acid linked to an alcohol (instead of
glycerol); have distinctive COOC (ester) functional group

Term 151 of 196

parietal layer

serous membranes

lines cavity

covers organ

fluid filled cavity

Term 152 of 196
umbilical region

nucleus of the atom

lower right region

region of the navel

the long carbon chain

Term 153 of 196

parasagittal plane

on the opposite side of the body (right or left)

Divides the body into front and back portions.

Divides body into unequal right and left sides

physically builds the proteins from amino acids

Term 154 of 196

Abdominal

neck

belly

thigh

wrist
Term 155 of 196
endocrine system

Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that
attach bones together to form joint

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and
nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
hypothalamus.
pituitary.
thyroid.
parathyroids.
adrenals.
pineal body.
the ovaries.
the testes.

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the
body
brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves.

To stand erect and facing forward with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward, feet flat on the floor.

Term 156 of 196

DNA contains

carries out genetic code

key for expressing genetic differences

digest alcohol, build biomolecules, fight infections

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 157 of 196
thoracic

chest

wrist

neck

thigh

Term 158 of 196

Protein is a chain of how many amino acids?

more than 50

more than 100

more than 49

equal sharing of electrons

Term 159 of 196

electron

toward the ventral side

-1 charge, smaller mass than protons and neutrons

Toward the front or belly

formation of a polymer
Term 160 of 196
Purines

Adenine and Guanine

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Amino and Carboxyl

Peptide Bond

Term 161 of 196

11 organ systems

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

Lymphatic, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Reproductive, Integumentary, Endocrine, skeletal,

Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Muscular
- LN CRIES DRUM

long term energy storage

key structural component
made mainly of hydrocarbons
single or double carbon-carbon bonds
insoluble in water

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

Term 162 of 196

anterior

toward the ventral side

toward back or spine

toward the sides of the body

toward back or spine

Term 163 of 196
left iliac region

region of the navel

lower left region

front of elbow

right lateral region just below the ribs

Term 164 of 196

Monosaccharides

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar,
right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

one liquid suspended but not dissolved in another, often one liquid is oil based and the
other water based
ex: homogenous mixture of oil and water

simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)

unbranched chain of 3-8 carbon atoms
have either a ketone or aldehyde functional group

Lymphatic, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Reproductive, Integumentary, Endocrine, skeletal,

Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Muscular
- LN CRIES DRUM
Term 165 of 196
Control center (Integration center)

peptide bond

determines set point, receives information from the sensor, analyzes information,
determines appropriate response
instructions are sent via efferent pathway to target cells, tissues, organs, organ systems via
motor neurons

a form of matter that cannot be broken down any further by chemical reactions

belonging naturally; essential

Term 166 of 196

What is the relationship between structure and function?

peptide bond

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Divides body into unequal right and left sides

structure and function compliment each other

Term 167 of 196

palmar

palm

forearm

diaphragm

upper arm
Term 168 of 196
RNA base pairs

High, Able To Absorb Heat

A, U, G, C

front of elbow

shorter single strands

Term 169 of 196

digestive system

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against
infection.

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Term 170 of 196

axillary

armpit

groin

thigh

neck
Term 171 of 196
patellar

groin

neck

kneecap

thigh

Term 172 of 196

ester

A nitrogen atom in an organic molecule

COOC in a structural formula

The long carbon chain

Formation of a polymer

Term 173 of 196

caudal

closer to the body surface

toward the midline of the body

toward the tail or inferior end

toward back or spine

Term 174 of 196
Composition and structure of protein determines what?

the long carbon chain

function and behavior of the protein

source of energy
cellular respiration

amino and carboxyl

Term 175 of 196

Where are polypeptides made?

amino and carboxyl

ribosome of the cell

peptide bond

region of the navel

Term 176 of 196

carboxylic acid

COOH

PEPTIDE BOND

COOC IN A STRUCTURAL FORMULA

BELLY
Term 177 of 196
secondary protein structure

the long carbon chain

shorter single strands

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

Term 178 of 196

controlled variable

a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons
around them

transfers the genetic code out of the nucleus

non regulated
a variable the system cannot change
a variable that does not have a corresponding sensor embedded in the system
ex: blood pressure, heart rate

(aka cardiovascular system) This system works as the transportation highway for the body.
It consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. It transports substances such as oxygen,
carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the body.

Term 179 of 196

what cavity is between parietal and visceral layers?

serous membranes

lower left region

covers organ

fluid filled cavity

Term 180 of 196
4 main body cavities

physically builds the proteins from amino acids

complex carbohydrates, formed by linkage of many monosaccharides

cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic organs)

transports the building blocks of proteins (amino acids) block by block

Term 181 of 196

all body cavities are lined by

intermolecular forces

serous membranes

fluid filled cavity

ribosome of the cell

Term 182 of 196

examples of triglycerides

amino and carboxyl

peptide bond

the long carbon chain

vegetable oil, butter, lard

Term 183 of 196
RNA function

many genes responsible for making proteins

shorter single strands

carries out genetic code

key for expressing genetic differences

Term 184 of 196

Levels of organization

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

Alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

Term 185 of 196

superior

front of elbow

thumb

chest

above
Term 186 of 196
functions of triglycerides

body temperature, blood pressure, glucose levels

a nitrogenous base, five carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) phosphate group

cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can participate in
chemical reactions

energy storage, insulation, protection, maintenance of body temp, digestion of fat soluble
vitamins

Term 187 of 196

Nucleotides are composed of

cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic organs)

a nitrogenous base, five carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) phosphate group

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can participate in
chemical reactions

Term 188 of 196

RNA structure

amino and carboxyl

key for expressing genetic differences

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

shorter single strands

Term 189 of 196
Pubic

kneecap

groin

front of elbow

neck

Term 190 of 196

cervical

wrist

thigh

neck

kneecap

Term 191 of 196

rostral

on the same side of the body (right or left)

toward the dorsal side

toward the forehead or nose

toward the front or belly

Term 192 of 196
mass number

measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Term 193 of 196

Axial skeleton includes

The study of body parts and how they interact with each other.

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

found in plants and animals, used for protection especially from water
Term 194 of 196
respiratory system

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the
body
brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves.

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and
nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
hypothalamus.
pituitary.
thyroid.
parathyroids.
adrenals.
pineal body.
the ovaries.
the testes.

atom most vital for life, has 4 unpaired valence electrons allowing each carbon to make 4
bonds

system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs
Nose.
Mouth.
Throat (pharynx)
Voice box (larynx)
Windpipe (trachea)
Airways (bronchi)
Lungs.
Term 195 of 196
Electronegativity

when one of the atoms in a bond has a higher affinity for electrons than the
other

the number of protons in an atom

lipids that give rise to key physiological effects in body

some have 4-ring structure

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and

three molecules of fatty acid.

Term 196 of 196

Cephalic

toward back or spine

toward the tail or inferior end

head

toward the midline of the body

Privacy Terms English (USA)

Term 1 of 196

examples of polysaccharides

Give this one a try later!

amino and carboxyl

starch, glycogen, cellulose

 peptide bond

amylose and amylopectin

Term 2 of 196

crural

Give this one a try later!

foot

upper arm

leg

front of elbow

Term 3 of 196

atomic weight
Give this one a try later!

any substance that gives off or forms ions when dissolved in water

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the
electrons around them

average mass of an atom of that element

protons, neutrons, and electrons total

Term 4 of 196

atomic number

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a nitrogen atom in an organic molecule

effects the type of possible chemical reactions

nucleus of the atom

 the number of protons in an atom

Term 5 of 196

sensor (receptor)

Give this one a try later!

detects changes in the environment from a particular set point

responds to stimuli
sends sensory information via sensory neurons to control center via afferent
pathway

a biomolecule that allows both plants and animals to pass on their genetic code to
future generations
built from nucleotides

resists pH change when acid or base is added to the solution

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

Term 6 of 196

How is a dissacharide formed?

Give this one a try later!

when the hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide reacts with the hydroxyl
group of another monosaccharide

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to
support movement. Made up of bones and joints

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic organs)

Term 7 of 196

Antecubital

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upper arm

front of elbow

toward the midline of the body

 lower right region

Term 8 of 196

Dissacharides

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dissolve well in water, hydrogen bonds allow cations and anions to be separately
stabilized

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

A sugar containing two monosaccharides. Example: sucrose which is fructose +

glucose

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 9 of 196

protons

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 +99 charge

+1 charge

+9 charge

+6 charge

Term 10 of 196

heterogenous mixture

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Attraction between molecules of the same substance (water to water)

the number of protons in an atom

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

 a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

Term 11 of 196

What makes a fatty acid insoluble in water?

Give this one a try later!

the long carbon chain

nucleus of the atom

farther from the body surface

peptide bond

Term 12 of 196

Carbon

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 a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the
electrons around them

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

atom most vital for life, has 4 unpaired valence electrons allowing each carbon to
make 4 bonds

-1 charge, smaller mass than protons and neutrons

Term 13 of 196

skeletal system

Give this one a try later!

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body
cells
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)

unbranched chain of 3-8 carbon atoms
have either a ketone or aldehyde functional group

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to
support movement. Made up of bones and joints
 kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body.
Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

Term 14 of 196

A chain of 2 amino acids

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the long carbon chain

amino and carboxyl

dipeptide

peptide bond

Term 15 of 196

lymphatic system

Give this one a try later!

 Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense
against infection.

atom most vital for life, has 4 unpaired valence electrons allowing each carbon to make
4 bonds

complex carbohydrates, formed by linkage of many monosaccharides

Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that
attach bones together to form joint

Term 16 of 196

non polar covalent bond

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 formation of a polymer

equal sharing of electrons

shorter single strands

nucleus of the atom

Term 17 of 196

properties of water

Give this one a try later!

 A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can
participate in chemical reactions

Term 18 of 196

Steroids

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lipids that give rise to key physiological effects in body

some have 4-ring structure

formed by nonmetals sharing electrons

An attraction between molecules of different substances

 lipid
has distinctive ring structure
Ex: cholesterol, prednisone

Term 19 of 196

2 types of starch

Give this one a try later!

amino and carboxyl

the long carbon chain

amylose and amylopectin

peptide bond

Term 20 of 196

organic chemistry
Give this one a try later!

equal sharing of electrons

effects the type of possible chemical reactions

the long carbon chain

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

Term 21 of 196

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Give this one a try later!

 physically builds the proteins from amino acids

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally

many genes responsible for making proteins

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

Term 22 of 196

right iliac region

Give this one a try later!

front of elbow

right lateral region just below the ribs

lower right region

region of the navel

Term 23 of 196

DNA function

Give this one a try later!

carries out genetic code

the long carbon chain

many genes responsible for making proteins

key for expressing genetic differences

Term 24 of 196

What bond holds amino acids together?

Give this one a try later!

equal sharing of electrons

the long carbon chain

 amino and carboxyl

peptide bond

Term 25 of 196

Examples of dissacharides are:

Give this one a try later!

ionic, covalent, metallic

sucrose, lactose, maltose

amylose and amylopectin

amino and carboxyl

Term 26 of 196

fatty acids
Give this one a try later!

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

many genes responsible for making proteins

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

front of elbow

Term 27 of 196

function of proteins

Give this one a try later!

amino and carboxyl

digest alcohol, build biomolecules, fight infections

source of energy
cellular respiration

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 28 of 196

ventral

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Toward the ventral side

The study of body structure

Toward the front or belly

toward the tail or inferior end

Term 29 of 196

what are molecules held together by?

Give this one a try later!

amino and carboxyl

 intermolecular forces

fluid filled cavity

peptide bond

Term 30 of 196

Polysaccharides

Give this one a try later!

complex carbohydrates, formed by linkage of many monosaccharides

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

superior region of cavity

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally

resists pH change when acid or base is added to the solution

Term 31 of 196
urinary system

Give this one a try later!

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against
infection.

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body
cells
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the
body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Term 32 of 196

metallic bond

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the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical
reactions
 a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the
electrons around them

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

long term energy storage

key structural component
made mainly of hydrocarbons
single or double carbon-carbon bonds
insoluble in water

Term 33 of 196

Muscular System

Give this one a try later!

a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the
electrons around them

resists pH change when acid or base is added to the solution

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against
infection.
 Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and
ligaments that attach bones together to form joint

Term 34 of 196

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Give this one a try later!

transports the building blocks of proteins (amino acids) block by block

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

To stand erect and facing forward with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward, feet flat on the floor.

inferior to the umbilical region

Term 35 of 196

examples of negative feedback

Give this one a try later!

 starch, glycogen, cellulose

body temperature, blood pressure, glucose levels

pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

function and behavior of the protein

Term 36 of 196

What is a neutral ph?

Give this one a try later!

effects the type of possible chemical reactions

structural support in plants

0-14
0-6.9 acidic
7.1-14 basic
Term 37 of 196

electrolytes

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average mass of an atom of that element

protons, neutrons, and electrons total

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

any substance that gives off or forms ions when dissolved in water

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Term 38 of 196

Acids

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a nitrogen atom in an organic molecule

proton acceptors (h+), release oh- ions

 proton donors, release hydrogen ions (H+)

peptide bond

Term 39 of 196

a chain of many amino acids

Give this one a try later!

the long carbon chain

amino and carboxyl

peptide bond

polypeptide

Term 40 of 196

the law of mass balance

Give this one a try later!

Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (oocytes)
ovaries, testes

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and
nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
hypothalamus.
pituitary.
thyroid.
parathyroids.
adrenals.
pineal body.
the ovaries.
the testes.

Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that
attach bones together to form joint

To maintain homeostasis, the body's input should be theoretically equal to the

body's output

Term 41 of 196

pelvic cavity

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 Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
inferior region of cavity

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

To stand erect and facing forward with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward, feet flat on the floor.

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

Term 42 of 196

Types of functional groups

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Amino and carboxyl

Alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

Source of energy cellular respiration

High, able to absorb heat

Term 43 of 196

Nucleic acids

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building of organic molecules, water is formed from the formation of a new bond

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

a biomolecule that allows both plants and animals to pass on their genetic code
to future generations
built from nucleotides

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional group
and breaks the molecule apart
ex: ester

Term 44 of 196

carpal

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 kneecap

thigh

neck

wrist

Term 45 of 196

proximal

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Closer to the point of attachment or origin

toward the tail or inferior end

inferior to the umbilical region

toward the forehead or nose

46 of 196
Term

function of waxes (lipid)

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any substance that gives off or forms ions when dissolved in water

found in plants and animals, used for protection especially from water

right lateral region just below the ribs

body temperature, blood pressure, glucose levels

Term 47 of 196

Abdominalpelvic quadrants

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To stand erect and facing forward with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward, feet flat on the floor.

left upper region below the rib cartilage

 childbirth, blood clotting, breast feeding

right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower

Term 48 of 196

Pelvic

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kneecap

lower right region

upper arm

hip region

Term 49 of 196

set point
Give this one a try later!

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

long term energy storage

key structural component
made mainly of hydrocarbons
single or double carbon-carbon bonds
insoluble in water

average acceptable value for a variable

homeostasis mechanisms work to keep values at the set point

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 50 of 196

Polymer

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formation of a polymer

on the opposite side of the body (right or left)

 total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

larger more complex structures made of monomers

ex: DNA

Term 51 of 196

reproductive system

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To maintain homeostasis, the body's input should be theoretically equal to the body's
output

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body
cells
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells
(oocytes)
ovaries, testes

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus
Term 52 of 196

abdominal cavity

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average mass of an atom of that element

protons, neutrons, and electrons total

a nitrogenous base, five carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) phosphate group

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

superior region of cavity

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Term 53 of 196

Hormones

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do not separate over time and cannot be separated by most membranes, also
known as solutions
ex: salt water
 +1 charge

lipids that give rise to key physiological effects in body

some have 4-ring structure

Contains particles large enough to scatter light, and appear cloudy. Can be
separated by a membrane, but not by settling out. Often have gel like
consistencies.
ex: silica nanoparticles in water, blood

Term 54 of 196

subdivisions of the thoracic cavity

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serous membranes

fluid filled cavity

pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

high, able to absorb heat

Term 55 of 196

function of carbohydrates

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digest alcohol, build biomolecules, fight infections

high, able to absorb heat

amino and carboxyl

source of energy
cellular respiration

Term 56 of 196

covalent bond

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formed by nonmetals sharing electrons

formation of a polymer
 equal sharing of electrons

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 57 of 196

Mediastinum

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toward the midline of the body

space between the lungs

outside the nucleus

nucleus of the atom

Term 58 of 196

dorsal
Give this one a try later!

toward back or spine

belonging naturally; essential

lower right region

toward the ventral side

Term 59 of 196

epigastric region

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 located above the stomach

lower left region

right lateral region just below the ribs

nucleus of the atom

Term 60 of 196

ketone group

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Alpha Helix, Beta Pleated Sheet, Triple Helix

C=O

Alcohol, Carboxylic Acid, Amine, Ester

Peptide Bond
Term 61 of 196

examples of positive feedback

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pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

starch, glycogen, cellulose

pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

childbirth, blood clotting, breast feeding

Term 62 of 196

circulatory system

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when the hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide reacts with the hydroxyl group of
another monosaccharide

H-C=O
 To maintain homeostasis, the body's input should be theoretically equal to the body's
output

(aka cardiovascular system) This system works as the transportation highway for
the body. It consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. It transports
substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the body.

Term 63 of 196

Where are electrons located?

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fluid filled cavity

nucleus of the atom

toward the ventral side

outside the nucleus

Term 64 of 196
distal

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toward back or spine

average acceptable value for a variable

homeostasis mechanisms work to keep values at the set point

dissolve well in water, hydrogen bonds allow cations and anions to be separately
stabilized

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the
body trunk

Term 65 of 196

How many different amino acids are used to make peptides and proteins
in our body?

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20
 below

small and flexible

have a bi-concave shape
maximum surface area to absorb oxygen
have a thin membrane
contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

fluid filled cavity

Term 66 of 196

Triglycerides

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double helix, deoxyribose sugar with phosphate to form backbone

simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)

unbranched chain of 3-8 carbon atoms
have either a ketone or aldehyde functional group

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three

molecules of fatty acid.

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional group
and breaks the molecule apart
 ex: ester

Term 67 of 196

Molecules

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Closer to the point of attachment or origin

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

front of elbow

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Term 68 of 196

Element

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a form of matter that cannot be broken down any further by chemical reactions
 positively and negatively charged atoms due to an imbalance of protons and electrons

the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element

average acceptable value for a variable

homeostasis mechanisms work to keep values at the set point

Term 69 of 196

ionic bond

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a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

when one of the atoms in a bond has a higher affinity for electrons than the
other

held in place by hydrogen bonds, forms tight coil resembling telephone cord
 form between cations and anions
forms by transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals

Term 70 of 196

How is cellulose formed?

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alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

high, able to absorb heat

many glucose molecules linked together

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 71 of 196

Water has what heat capacity?

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 alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

source of energy
cellular respiration

high, able to absorb heat

Term 72 of 196

How does the structure of red blood cells contribute to function?

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small and flexible

have a bi-concave shape
maximum surface area to absorb oxygen
have a thin membrane
contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

A type of lipid molecule consisting of one fatty acid linked to an alcohol (instead of
glycerol); have distinctive COOC (ester) functional group

one liquid suspended but not dissolved in another, often one liquid is oil based and the
other water based
ex: homogenous mixture of oil and water
 response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

Term 73 of 196

Brachial

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foot

upper arm

front of elbow

forearm

Term 74 of 196

intrinstic
Give this one a try later!

amino and carboxyl

lower right region

belonging naturally; essential

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Term 75 of 196

aldehyde group

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 H-C=O

Alcohol, Carboxylic Acid, Amine, Ester

Peptide Bond

Equal Sharing Of Electrons

Term 76 of 196

Emulsion

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Lymphatic, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Reproductive, Integumentary, Endocrine, skeletal,

Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Muscular
- LN CRIES DRUM

one liquid suspended but not dissolved in another, often one liquid is oil based
and the other water based
ex: homogenous mixture of oil and water

A type of lipid molecule consisting of one fatty acid linked to an alcohol (instead of
glycerol); have distinctive COOC (ester) functional group
 cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can participate in
chemical reactions

Term 77 of 196

appendicular skeleton

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toward the front or belly

includes upper and lower appendages

lower left region

upper arm

Term 78 of 196

Physiology

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 Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
inferior region of cavity

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

The study of body parts and how they interact with each other.

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional group
and breaks the molecule apart
ex: ester

Term 79 of 196

Can our bodies break down cellulose?

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function and behavior of the protein

No, too stable for our bodies to break down

Closer to the point of attachment or origin

childbirth, blood clotting, breast feeding

Term 80 of 196

Alcohol

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OH group attached to a carbon chain

example: propanol-- CH3CH2CH2OH

when the hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide reacts with the hydroxyl group of
another monosaccharide

Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that
attach bones together to form joint

form between cations and anions

forms by transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals

Term 81 of 196

Functional groups of proteins

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 peptide bond

amylose and amylopectin

amino and carboxyl

source of energy
cellular respiration

Term 82 of 196

left hypochondriac region

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right lateral region just below the ribs

left upper region below the rib cartilage

lower left region

located above the stomach

Term 83 of 196

Homeostasis

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The study of body parts and how they interact with each other.

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

physical and chemical conditions the body will constantly be regulating in order
to sustain optimal environment for which cells, tissues, and organs can
survive/function properly

closer to the body surface

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional group
and breaks the molecule apart
ex: ester

Term 84 of 196

mRNA (messenger RNA)

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body temperature, blood pressure, glucose levels

 physically builds the proteins from amino acids

transfers the genetic code out of the nucleus

left upper region below the rib cartilage

Term 85 of 196

primary protein structure

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alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

amino and carboxyl

shorter single strands

sequence of amino acids

Term 86 of 196
three main types of bonding

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starch, glycogen, cellulose

ionic, covalent, metallic

alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

fluid filled cavity

Term 87 of 196

Buffer solution

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resists pH change when acid or base is added to the solution

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

building of organic molecules, water is formed from the formation of a new bond
 double helix, deoxyribose sugar with phosphate to form backbone

Term 88 of 196

homogeneous mixture

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lipid
has distinctive ring structure
Ex: cholesterol, prednisone

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

form between cations and anions

forms by transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals

do not separate over time and cannot be separated by most

membranes, also known as solutions
ex: salt water

Term 89 of 196
Inferior

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below

upper arm

closer to the body surface

hip region

Term 90 of 196

femoral

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wrist

neck

kneecap
 thigh

Term 91 of 196

nine abdominopelvic regions

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a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the
electrons around them

small and flexible

have a bi-concave shape
maximum surface area to absorb oxygen
have a thin membrane
contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

right lateral region just below the ribs

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left

lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

Term 92 of 196
Ipsilateral

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Divides the body into front and back portions.

key for expressing genetic differences

on the same side of the body (right or left)

physically builds the proteins from amino acids

Term 93 of 196

posterior

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toward the ventral side

toward back or spine

toward the front or belly

 toward the dorsal side

Term 94 of 196

Hydrolysis

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simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)

unbranched chain of 3-8 carbon atoms
have either a ketone or aldehyde functional group

The study of body parts and how they interact with each other.

long term energy storage

key structural component
made mainly of hydrocarbons
single or double carbon-carbon bonds
insoluble in water

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional

group and breaks the molecule apart
ex: ester

Term 95 of 196
unsaturated fats

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A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts,
and seeds (derived from plants)
double bond

A sugar containing two monosaccharides. Example: sucrose which is fructose + glucose

An attraction between molecules of different substances

3D folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

Term 96 of 196

Why is pH important?

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many genes responsible for making proteins

 nucleus of the atom

effects the type of possible chemical reactions

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

Term 97 of 196

polar covalent bond

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on the opposite side of the body (right or left)

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally

Divides the body into front and back portions.

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

Term 98 of 196

Base Pairs for DNA

Give this one a try later!

Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

A-T
G-C

Equal Sharing Of Electrons

0-14 0-6.9 Acidic 7.1-14 Basic

Term 99 of 196

Bases

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proton acceptors (H+), release OH- ions

toward the sides of the body

equal sharing of electrons

many genes responsible for Making proteins

Term 100 of 196

pedal

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forearm

upper arm

foot

thigh

Term 101 of 196

What is cellulose used for?

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structural support in plants

 region of the navel

high, able to absorb heat

the long carbon chain

Term 102 of 196

Saturated fats

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an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three

molecules of fatty acid.

single bond
saturated with hydrogen
solid at room temperature
sourced from animals

held in place by hydrogen bonds, forms tight coil resembling telephone cord

A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and
seeds (derived from plants)
 double bond

Term 103 of 196

neutron

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more than 50

neutral charge, 5

neutral charge, 0

+1 charge

Term 104 of 196

digital or phalangeal

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neck
 fingers

fluid filled cavity

wrist

Term 105 of 196

visceral layer

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covers organ

serous membranes

fluid filled cavity

the long carbon chain

Term 106 of 196

the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by what?

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intermolecular forces

diaphragm

serous membranes

fluid filled cavity

Term 107 of 196

medial

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toward the ventral side

farther from the body surface

Toward the midline of the body

 Toward back or spine

Term 108 of 196

ions

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the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical
reactions

positively and negatively charged atoms due to an imbalance of protons and

electrons

Adenine and Guanine

building of organic molecules, water is formed from the formation of a new bond

Term 109 of 196

frontal plane (coronal plane)

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 core of the body
includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

Divides the body into front and back portions.

Divides body into unequal right and left sides

many glucose molecules linked together

Term 110 of 196

lateral

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toward the midline of the body

structural support in plants

toward the sides of the body

toward back or spine

Term 111 of 196

Waxes

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toward the sides of the body

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

A type of lipid molecule consisting of one fatty acid linked to an alcohol (instead
of glycerol); have distinctive COOC (ester) functional group

average acceptable value for a variable

homeostasis mechanisms work to keep values at the set point

Term 112 of 196

adhesion

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An attraction between molecules of different substances

 Effects the type of possible chemical reactions

A nitrogen atom in an organic molecule

Key for expressing genetic differences

Term 113 of 196

cohesion

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COOC in a structural formula

Attraction between molecules of the same substance (water to water)

single bond
saturated with hydrogen
solid at room temperature
sourced from animals
 held in place by hydrogen bonds, forms tight coil resembling telephone cord

Term 114 of 196

Contralateral

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chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical
reactions

on the same side of the body (right or left)

on the opposite side of the body (right or left)

Term 115 of 196

transverse plane

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 cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic organs)

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Term 116 of 196

function of body cavities

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source of energy
cellular respiration

starch, glycogen, cellulose

Protect organs from accidental shock

Permit changes in size and shape of internal organs

resists pH change when acid or base is added to the solution

Term 117 of 196

pollex

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thumb

groin

thigh

armpit

Term 118 of 196

superficial

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the study of body structure

front of elbow
 toward the midline of the body

closer to the body surface

Term 119 of 196

alpha helix

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chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three

molecules of fatty acid.

held in place by hydrogen bonds, forms tight coil resembling telephone

cord

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

Term 120 of 196

Lipids

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positively and negatively charged atoms due to an imbalance of protons and electrons

breaking down of organic molecules, water is inserted into an organic functional group
and breaks the molecule apart
ex: ester

long term energy storage

key structural component
made mainly of hydrocarbons
single or double carbon-carbon bonds
insoluble in water

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

Term 121 of 196

integumentary system

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 core of the body
includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can participate in
chemical reactions

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

To maintain homeostasis, the body's input should be theoretically equal to the body's
output

Term 122 of 196

functional groups

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the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in

chemical reactions

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

superior region of cavity

average mass of an atom of that element

protons, neutrons, and electrons total
 horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Term 123 of 196

colloid suspension

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a biomolecule that allows both plants and animals to pass on their genetic code to
future generations
built from nucleotides

Contains particles large enough to scatter light, and appear cloudy. Can
be separated by a membrane, but not by settling out. Often have gel
like consistencies.
ex: silica nanoparticles in water, blood

cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic organs)

a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

Term 124 of 196

Polymerization
Give this one a try later!

region of the navel

equal sharing of electrons

formation of a polymer

cooc in a structural formula

Term 125 of 196

extrinsic

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 the long carbon chain

foreign, coming from outside

toward back or spine

toward the dorsal side

Term 126 of 196

tertiary protein structure

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3D folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

formed by nonmetals sharing electrons

lipid
has distinctive ring structure
Ex: cholesterol, prednisone
 single bond
saturated with hydrogen
solid at room temperature
sourced from animals

Term 127 of 196

Antebrachial

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wrist

foot

forearm

thigh

Term 128 of 196

salts

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 A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

a biomolecule that allows both plants and animals to pass on their genetic code to
future generations
built from nucleotides

dissolve well in water, hydrogen bonds allow cations and anions to be separately
stabilized

average acceptable value for a variable

homeostasis mechanisms work to keep values at the set point

Term 129 of 196

Pyrimidines

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cytosine, thymine, uracil

nucleus of the atom

ionic, covalent, metallic

 amino and carboxyl

Term 130 of 196

hypogastric region

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right lateral region just below the ribs

inferior to the umbilical region

lower left region

lower right region

Term 131 of 196

anatomical position

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 To stand erect and facing forward with arms at the sides and palms of the hands
turned forward, feet flat on the floor.

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

superior region of cavity

Protect organs from accidental shock

Permit changes in size and shape of internal organs

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

Term 132 of 196

What is pH?

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measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

structure and function compliment each other

any substance that gives off or forms ions when dissolved in water
 average mass of an atom of that element
protons, neutrons, and electrons total

Term 133 of 196

Mixture

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A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

complex carbohydrates, formed by linkage of many monosaccharides

a form of matter that cannot be broken down any further by chemical reactions

Term 134 of 196

nervous system

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 To maintain homeostasis, the body's input should be theoretically equal to the body's
output

when the hydroxyl group from one monosaccharide reacts with the hydroxyl group of
another monosaccharide

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts
of the body
brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves.

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

Term 135 of 196

Values of the pH scale

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amino and carboxyl

0-14
0-6.18 acidic
7.1-14 basic

0-14
0-6.9 acidic
7.1-14 basic
 alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

Term 136 of 196

Target (effector)

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includes upper and lower appendages

receives instructions from control center, carries out instructions

provides appropriate response based on info from control center
response will either reduce (negative feedback) or enhance (positive feedback)
the effects of original stimulus

determines set point, receives information from the sensor, analyzes information,
determines appropriate response
instructions are sent via efferent pathway to target cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
via motor neurons

cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can participate in
chemical reactions

Term 137 of 196

negative feedback

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primary and most common mechanism for regulation

reduces, shuts off, or counterbalances original stimulus that caused imbalance

a biomolecule that allows both plants and animals to pass on their genetic code to
future generations
built from nucleotides

detects changes in the environment from a particular set point

responds to stimuli
sends sensory information via sensory neurons to control center via afferent pathway

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

Term 138 of 196

amine

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an attraction between molecules of different substances

 cooc in a structural formula

a nitrogen atom in an organic molecule

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

Term 139 of 196

deep

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farther from the body surface

closer to the body surface

toward back or spine

toward the midline of the body

Term 140 of 196

positive feedback
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response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by
the stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

ribosome of the cell

Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

superior region of cavity

Term 141 of 196

Structure of DNA

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many genes responsible for making proteins

double helix, deoxyribose sugar with phosphate to form backbone

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

 A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Term 142 of 196

Amino Acids

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amino and carboxyl

building blocks of proteins

the long carbon chain

peptide bond

Term 143 of 196

right hypochondriac region

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right lateral region just below the ribs

 lower right region

structural support in plants

located above the stomach

Term 144 of 196

beta pleated sheet

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core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

average mass of an atom of that element

protons, neutrons, and electrons total

double helix, deoxyribose sugar with phosphate to form backbone

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

Term 145 of 196

triple helix

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the long carbon chain

three chains braided together

many glucose molecules linked together

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

Term 146 of 196

sagittal plane

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toward back or spine

 lower left region

divides body into left and right

lines cavity

Term 147 of 196

Where are protons and neutrons located?

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nucleus of the atom

source of energy
cellular respiration

region of the navel

the long carbon chain

Term 148 of 196

Anatomy

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Toward the midline of the body

Toward the ventral side

The number of protons in an atom

The study of body structure

Term 149 of 196

Dehydration

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formation of a polymer

positively and negatively charged atoms due to an imbalance of protons and electrons

building of organic molecules, water is formed from the formation of a new bond
 foreign, coming from outside

Term 150 of 196

atom

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any substance that gives off or forms ions when dissolved in water

the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element

the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical
reactions

A type of lipid molecule consisting of one fatty acid linked to an alcohol (instead of
glycerol); have distinctive COOC (ester) functional group

Term 151 of 196

parietal layer

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 serous membranes

lines cavity

covers organ

fluid filled cavity

Term 152 of 196

umbilical region

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nucleus of the atom

lower right region

region of the navel

the long carbon chain

Term 153 of 196

parasagittal plane

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on the opposite side of the body (right or left)

Divides the body into front and back portions.

Divides body into unequal right and left sides

physically builds the proteins from amino acids

Term 154 of 196

Abdominal

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neck

belly
 thigh

wrist

Term 155 of 196

endocrine system

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Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that
attach bones together to form joint

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction,

and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
hypothalamus.
pituitary.
thyroid.
parathyroids.
adrenals.
pineal body.
the ovaries.
the testes.

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the
body
brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves.
 To stand erect and facing forward with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned
forward, feet flat on the floor.

Term 156 of 196

DNA contains

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carries out genetic code

key for expressing genetic differences

digest alcohol, build biomolecules, fight infections

many genes responsible for making proteins

Term 157 of 196

thoracic

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 chest

wrist

neck

thigh

Term 158 of 196

Protein is a chain of how many amino acids?

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more than 50

more than 100

more than 49

equal sharing of electrons

159 of 196
Term

electron

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toward the ventral side

-1 charge, smaller mass than protons and neutrons

Toward the front or belly

formation of a polymer

Term 160 of 196

Purines

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Adenine and Guanine

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

 Amino and Carboxyl

Peptide Bond

Term 161 of 196

11 organ systems

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Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

inferior region of cavity

Lymphatic, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Reproductive, Integumentary, Endocrine,

skeletal, Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Muscular
- LN CRIES DRUM

long term energy storage

key structural component
made mainly of hydrocarbons
single or double carbon-carbon bonds
insoluble in water

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

Term 162 of 196

anterior

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toward the ventral side

toward back or spine

toward the sides of the body

toward back or spine

Term 163 of 196

left iliac region

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region of the navel

lower left region

 front of elbow

right lateral region just below the ribs

Term 164 of 196

Monosaccharides

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right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar,
right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

one liquid suspended but not dissolved in another, often one liquid is oil based and the
other water based
ex: homogenous mixture of oil and water

simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)

unbranched chain of 3-8 carbon atoms
have either a ketone or aldehyde functional group

Lymphatic, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Reproductive, Integumentary, Endocrine, skeletal,

Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Muscular
- LN CRIES DRUM
Term 165 of 196

Control center (Integration center)

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peptide bond

determines set point, receives information from the sensor, analyzes information,
determines appropriate response
instructions are sent via efferent pathway to target cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems via motor neurons

a form of matter that cannot be broken down any further by chemical reactions

belonging naturally; essential

Term 166 of 196

What is the relationship between structure and function?

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peptide bond
 total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Divides body into unequal right and left sides

structure and function compliment each other

Term 167 of 196

palmar

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palm

forearm

diaphragm

upper arm

Term 168 of 196

RNA base pairs

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High, Able To Absorb Heat

A, U, G, C

front of elbow

shorter single strands

Term 169 of 196

digestive system

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Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to
body cells
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against
infection.

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
 may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Term 170 of 196

axillary

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armpit

groin

thigh

neck

Term 171 of 196

patellar

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 groin

neck

kneecap

thigh

Term 172 of 196

ester

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A nitrogen atom in an organic molecule

COOC in a structural formula

The long carbon chain

Formation of a polymer
Term 173 of 196

caudal

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closer to the body surface

toward the midline of the body

toward the tail or inferior end

toward back or spine

Term 174 of 196

Composition and structure of protein determines what?

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the long carbon chain

function and behavior of the protein

 source of energy
cellular respiration

amino and carboxyl

Term 175 of 196

Where are polypeptides made?

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amino and carboxyl

ribosome of the cell

peptide bond

region of the navel

Term 176 of 196

carboxylic acid
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COOH

PEPTIDE BOND

COOC IN A STRUCTURAL FORMULA

BELLY

Term 177 of 196

secondary protein structure

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 the long carbon chain

shorter single strands

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

Term 178 of 196

controlled variable

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a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the
electrons around them

transfers the genetic code out of the nucleus

non regulated
a variable the system cannot change
a variable that does not have a corresponding sensor embedded in the system
ex: blood pressure, heart rate
 (aka cardiovascular system) This system works as the transportation highway for the
body. It consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. It transports substances such as
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the body.

Term 179 of 196

what cavity is between parietal and visceral layers?

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serous membranes

lower left region

covers organ

fluid filled cavity

Term 180 of 196

4 main body cavities

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 physically builds the proteins from amino acids

complex carbohydrates, formed by linkage of many monosaccharides

cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic organs)

transports the building blocks of proteins (amino acids) block by block

Term 181 of 196

all body cavities are lined by

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intermolecular forces

serous membranes

fluid filled cavity

ribosome of the cell

182 of 196
Term

examples of triglycerides

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amino and carboxyl

peptide bond

the long carbon chain

vegetable oil, butter, lard

Term 183 of 196

RNA function

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many genes responsible for making proteins

shorter single strands

 carries out genetic code

key for expressing genetic differences

Term 184 of 196

Levels of organization

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atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

Alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine, ester

Term 185 of 196

superior
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front of elbow

thumb

chest

above

Term 186 of 196

functions of triglycerides

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body temperature, blood pressure, glucose levels

a nitrogenous base, five carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) phosphate group

cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can participate in
chemical reactions
 energy storage, insulation, protection, maintenance of body temp, digestion of fat
soluble vitamins

Term 187 of 196

Nucleotides are composed of

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cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic organs)

a nitrogenous base, five carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) phosphate group

polypeptides held side by side by a hydrogen bond between peptide chains

cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, can participate in
chemical reactions

Term 188 of 196

RNA structure

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 amino and carboxyl

key for expressing genetic differences

alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, triple helix

shorter single strands

Term 189 of 196

Pubic

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kneecap

groin

front of elbow

neck

190 of 196
Term

cervical

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wrist

thigh

neck

kneecap

Term 191 of 196

rostral

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on the same side of the body (right or left)

toward the dorsal side

 toward the forehead or nose

toward the front or belly

Term 192 of 196

mass number

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measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Term 193 of 196

Axial skeleton includes

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The study of body parts and how they interact with each other.

response of the effector works to further increase the change that was caused by the
stimulus
may enhance, exaggerate, or amplify the original stimulus

core of the body

includes all structures except upper and lower appendages

found in plants and animals, used for protection especially from water

Term 194 of 196

respiratory system

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the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the
body
brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves.

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and
nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells
hypothalamus.
pituitary.
 thyroid.
parathyroids.
adrenals.
pineal body.
the ovaries.
the testes.

atom most vital for life, has 4 unpaired valence electrons allowing each carbon to make
4 bonds

system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the
lungs
Nose.
Mouth.
Throat (pharynx)
Voice box (larynx)
Windpipe (trachea)
Airways (bronchi)
Lungs.

Term 195 of 196

Electronegativity

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when one of the atoms in a bond has a higher affinity for electrons than
the other
 the number of protons in an atom

lipids that give rise to key physiological effects in body

some have 4-ring structure

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three

molecules of fatty acid.

Term 196 of 196

Cephalic

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toward back or spine

toward the tail or inferior end

head

toward the midline of the body

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