Environmental Pollution : Part - I

Land Pollution Soil Pollution

• Deterioration of earth’s land surface • Contamination of soil and degrades
• Caused due to garbage, factories, the soil quality
mining • Occurs due to human activities
• Herbicides, pesticides are also
responsible

Air Pollution Water Pollution

• Mixture of solid particles and gases in • Contamination of water by various
air is caused by gaseous pollutants and organic waste, chemical pollutants
particulate pollutants

Real-Time Analysis
Prevent waste for Pollution
Prevention

Recycle Reduce Design for

Atom Economy
Degradation

Principles Inherently Benign

Less Hazardous of
Waste Synthesis
Chemistry for
Management Green Chemistry Accident Prevention

Design Benign Catalysis

Chemicals (vs. Stoichiometric)
Refuse Reuse

Design for Benign Solvents & Use of Renewable Reduce

Energy Efficiency Auxiliaries Feedstocks Derivatives

Condensation Rainbow
Process of changing water vapour Caused by the dispersion and
into water refraction of sunlight

Afforestation Stratus Clouds

Planting trees and creating forest Different types of clouds
Miscellaneous
Floods
Concepts River Deltas
Caused due to deforestation, The river needs to carry sufficient
climate change sediment to deposit at its mouth
to form the delta

Leaching
Extracting substance from solid
material that has come in contact
with liquid
 Air Pollution

Particulate Pollutants Hydrocarbons

Caused due to human ac�vi�es

Gasoline Petrol Coal Kerosene

Vegeta�on
Climate Health
and Plant Used as fuels, industries,
• Clima�c manufacturing sector
disturbance,
like

• Cancer
60% air pollu�on is due to automobiles
that run on these hydrocarbon based
• Decrease in fuels release NO and Hydrocarbons
crop vegeta�on
Drought
This NO is converted to NO2
• Failed
pregnancy
NO� NO+O(in presence of sunlight)

Volcanic erup�on

O+O₂ O
Reduc�on of • Birth defect
monsoon

NO+O NO₂ +O₂

• Increase in
green house gases
i.e. Global Warm-
Decrease in rain ing • Death
fall
O₃ and NO₂ oxidize hydrocarbons and smog is

Gaseous Pollutants

Oxides of carbon Oxides of Nitrogen Oxides of Sulphur

Causes of green house effect Respiratory disease Acid Rain

Some sunlight that hits the earth

is reflected. Some becomes heat.

CO₂ and other

gases in the
atmosphere Trees killed
trap heat,
by
keeping the
earth warm. acid rain