LING Ielts - Revision Task 1

LING
2023 Writing Task 1 -‐ Revision
A- Time-changing
I. Had/experienced/witnessed an upward trend
Increase Increased An increase in
Climb Climbed An elevation
Go up Went up An escalation in
Grow Grew A growth in
Rise Rose A rise in
Rocket Rocketed A spurt
Boom Boomed A boom
Boost Boosted A boost
- Reach a peak of … -> Reached a peak of
- peak at … -> peaked at
II. Had/experienced/witnessed a downward trend

Decrease Decreased A decrease in
Decline Declined A decline in
Dip Dipped A downturn
Drop Dropped A drop
Fall off Fell off A fall
Go down Went down A plunge
Reduce Reduced A reduction
Shrink Shrank A shrinkage
- Reach a bottom of -> reached a bottom of
- bottom out at … -> bottomed out at
III. Experienced a period of stability / no change
Stay/remain stable Stayed/remained steady

Level off Leveled off
IV. Experienced a period of fluctuation

Alter Altered An alteration
Fluctuate Fluctuated A fluctuation
Vary Varied A variation
V. Degree of change
Degree of Change Adjs Advs
Very extensive Dramatic dramatically

Enormous Enormously
Extreme extremely
Extensive considerable considerably
Remarkable remarkably
Significant significantly
Average mild Mildly
Marked markedly
Moderate Moderately
Small Slight Slightly
Subtle Subtly
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LING 2023 Writing Task 1 -‐ Revision
VI. Structures:
1. As / Whereas/ While X verb, Y verb (at the same time)

• Sử dụng từ nối để tạo thành câu phức
As/ While + mệnh đề, mệnh đề chính. (Trong khi …)
eg: While the number of toys produced in Vietnam rose substantially to 200,000 in 2020,
the quantity in Thailand saw a subtle drop to 50,000 at the same time.
2. Clause, followed by + Noun Phrase

• Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn thành past participle.
followed by + cụm danh từ (theo sau là …)
eg: In 2000, there was a significant rise by 400 in the number of Vietnamese students
participating in international contests, followed by a 5-year period of fluctuations around
1,000.
3. Clause, prior to/before Verb-ing

• Sử dụng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian dạng rút gọn.
Mệnh đề chính, prior to/ before (trước khi) + động từ thêm -ing.
eg: The figure for car production in Vietnam witnessed a dramatic fall to 100,000 in 2000,
prior to recovering and growing steadily to 150,000 in the following 10 years.
4. Clause, after Verb – ing

• Sử dụng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian dạng rút gọn.
Mệnh đề chính, after (sau khi) + động từ thêm -ing.
eg: The figure for car production in Australia recovered and grew steadily to 150,000 in
2000, after experiencing a dramatic fall to 120,000 in 1990.
5. In comparison to/with X, which verb, Y verb.

Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ và từ nối.
In comparison to/ with (So với) đối tượng X, which + động từ, đối tượng Y + động từ.
Eg: In comparison to the quantity in Thailand, which witnessed a slight drop to 100,000 in
1992, the number of automobiles produced in Thailand rose substantially to 130,000.
6. X verb, Verb-ing, (which verb).

Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ.
Eg: The number of boys playing computer games in their spare time grew significantly to
120,000 in 2010, surpassing that of girls, which recorded only 50,000.
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B – Time fixed charts

I. So sánh hơn/kém
1. So sánh hơn kém với danh từ: S1 + tobe/v + more/ fewer/less + noun + than + S2
Ex: Today, people spend more time and money on Internet than they did in the last decade.
(Ngày nay, con người dành nhiều thời gian và tiền bạc cho Internet hơn so với thập kỷ
trước)
2. So sánh hơn kém với tính từ ngắn: S1 + tobe + adj - er + than + S2
Ex: Thanks to technology advancement, people nowadays find it easier to approach the
good healthcare services than in the past. (Nhờ vào cải tiến công nghệ, con người hiện nay
dễ dàng tiếp cận các dịch vụ chăm sóc sức khỏe tốt hơn so với trước đây. )
3. So sánh hơn kém với tính từ dài: S1 + tobe/v + more/less + adj + than + S2
Ex: Because of globalization, the world is becoming more independent of each other than
it was 20 years ago. (Bởi toàn cầu hóa, thế giới ngày càng phụ thuộc lẫn sau hơn so với
20 năm trước.)
II. So sánh hơn nhất
1. So sánh nhất với tính từ ngắn: S + to be the adj - est

Ex: Ukraine is the biggest country in Europe. (Ukraine là đất nước lớn nhất châu Âu.)
2. So sánh nhất đối với tính từ dài: S + to be the most + adj
Ex: The most important consideration in choosing job is income. (Thu nhập là yếu tố quan
trọng nhất để cân nhắc chọn việc làm)
III. So sánh ngang bằng
1. So sánh ngang bằng với Similiar: S + to be similar + to + N/Pronoun

Ex: The number of Australian boys participating in Math class is similar to the girls. (Số
lượng học sinh nam người Úc tham gia vào lớp toán bằng với số lượng học sinh nữ.)
2. So sánh ngang bằng với The Same: S1 + to be + the same as + S2
Ex: Mila’s income is the same as Julia’s income. (Thu nhập của Mila bằng với Julia.)
3. So sánh ngang bằng với as…as:
(+) S + to be + as + adj + as + N/ pronoun
Ex: The weather this summer is as bad as last year. It hasn’t stopped raining for weeks.
(Thời tiết mùa hè năm nay ẩm ương như mùa hè năm ngoái. Trời đã không ngừng mưa
nhiều tuần.)
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(-) S + to be + not + as/so + adj + as + N/ pronoun

Ex: These new shoes are not as comfortable as my old ones. (Mấy đôi giày mới này không
thoải mái như mấy đôi giày cũ của tôi.)
IV. So sánh gấp nhiều lần
1. S1 + to be twice/three/four... times + as many/much as higher/greater than + S2

Ex: Vietnam’s rice export is twice as much higher than Pakistan.
(Lượng gạo xuất khẩu của Việt Nam lớn hơn hai lần so với Pakistan.)
2. S1 + is + more than/over + two/three/four… times/fold + as + adj + S2
Ex: The world population in 2022 is more than two times as the world population in 1974.
(Dân số thế giới năm 2022 cao gấp hai lần so với năm 1974.)
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The charts show the percentage of boys and girls aged 5-‐14 taking part in cultural activities
and sports in Australia in 2003.

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C – Process:
I. Technical Process: Steps to write.
The diagram shows the stages involved in the process of making leather goods.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
Process diagram Step 1: Rewrite the introduction

Re-write the introduction in your own words.
Simple option:
• Keep the basic sentence structure but use synonyms.
• Don’t try to change every word – this would sound unnatural.
e.g. The diagram shows the stages involved in the process of making leather goods.
Re-write as: The images illustrate the steps involved in the production of leather goods.
This is a safe option, as it keeps the same sentence structure.
Watch out!
• Check where you put the ‘s’ when you use ‘the diagram showS‘ (3rd person ‘s‘)
or ‘the imageS show’ (plural ‘s‘). This is a common mistake.
Advanced option:
• You could use a more complex sentence structure: change the word order and use
the verb in the Passive
e.g. The diagram illustrates how animal skins are processed in order to produce a range
of leather items such as shoes, handbags and toys.
Using the Passive Tense gives you an instantly sophisticated, complex and academic
option.
Here’s another example:
e.g. The illustration depicts the numerous steps involved in the treatment of animal skins
before they are turned into leather products such as handbags and shoes.
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Watch out!
• Remember that you should NOT use any opinion (but see my advice in Step 5
about adding extra details to boost your vocabulary score).
Process diagram Step 2: Write the overview

This is the most essential part of ANY Task 1.
If you don’t write an overview, you are limited to a Band 5 for Task Achievement.
Many people DO just repeat what they’ve already said e.g.
‘Overall, the diagram shows that many items can be made from leather.’
This is better than no overview, but it is too obvious, too vague and there is no analysis.
• You need to say something noticeable about the process.
Here are some examples:
Overall, the diagram shows that it is necessary for animal skins to undergo a number of
treatments before they can be made into everyday household items. The process is still a
complex and lengthy one despite being mostly done by machinery rather than by hand.
Overall, the diagram shows that, despite the fact that the process of treating animal skins
so that they can be made into everyday household items is done mostly in factories with the
help of machinery, it is still lengthy and complex, involving several stages.
FAQ: Should the overview go at the start or at the end?
It doesn’t matter. The overview can go just after the Introduction, or at the END of the
description.
Process diagram Step 3: Use the Present Simple

The diagram gives you several of the verbs that you need to describe each stage
e.g. drying, soaking, polishing, flattening.
Again, you have the problem of avoiding using these words exactly as they are in the text.
So using the Present Simple (Passive) Tense gives you an easy solution.
The only thing you have to worry about is whether you need Singular or Plural. Both are
possible here and both are correct.
e.g. The skins ARE dried OR The skin IS dried.
The skins ARE polished OR The leather IS polished.
(see quick review of Passive Tense below)
Process Diagram Step 4: Use a variety of linking words

Now you’ve got a list of stages all written in the Passive Tense, you need to put them all
together NICELY with a variety of linking words.
One problem many people have is that they just put the linking words at the start of the
sentence. This can sound repetitive, and it is important not to OVERUSE linking words.
• Don’t choose a different linking word for the start of every sentence. Use some in
the middle
e.g. the process by which leather is treated, the liquid in which the skins are soaked, the
place where the skins are flattened.
Compare these two versions:
Version 1: simple, accurate but a little ‘mechanical’
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The skin is dried. Then it is taken to a factory. In the factory it is washed in water and lime,
then soaked in lime and flattened and submerged in tannin. After that it is polished and
taken to another factory. In the factory it is turned into leather goods.
Version 2: More fluent and natural
In the initial stages of the process, the skin is dried before being taken to a
factory where it undergoes two treatments. Firstly it is washed with water and
lime, followed by a soak in lime and then flattened, after which it is submerged in tannin.
The last stage involves polishing the leather with a roller. The pieces
are subsequently transported to a processing factory where they are made into a number
of items in preparation for shipping.
Step 5. Add the ‘Band 7+’ finishing touches

In 4 steps, you have completed all that needs to be done for a very good Task 1.
But what if you want to make it even better? Have a look at this final example – what
kind of changes have been made to give it a little extra magic?
The diagram illustrates how animal skins are processed in order to produce a range of
leather items such as shoes, handbags and toys.
In the initial stages of the process, the skin is air-dried before being loaded onto
trucks and taken to a nearby factory where it undergoes two chemical treatments to clean
and soften it. Firstly it is washed with a mixture of water and lime, and then it is soaked
in concentrated/pure lime and pushed through a rolling machine in order to flatten it,
after which it is submerged in a vat of tannin, which is a substance derived from
vegetables.
The last stage involves polishing the leather with a roller to improve its appearance. The
pieces are subsequently transported by road to a processing factory where they are made
into a number of everyday products like footwear and sports items in preparation for
shipping.
Overall, the diagram shows that, despite the fact that the process of treating animal skins
is done mostly in factories with the help of machinery, it is still lengthy and complex,
involving several stages.
You can:
• say WHY something is done (in order to.., so that…) (to soften the leather, to
remove impurities)
• give extra details (transported by road, which is a substance, a mixture of)
• give more examples (like footwear and sports items)
• add adjectives (air-dried, everyday products, a nearby factory)
Although you should not use your opinion, adding small details like this can boost your
Vocabulary score.
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The diagram gives information about the process of making carbonated drinks.

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D – Natural Process:
Vocabulary:
Từ vựng cho dạng Natural Process
• experience/undergo significant changes: trải qua những thay đổi đáng kể

• pass through three distict physical stages: trải qua ba giai đoạn vật lý khác
nhau
• lay a couple of/ a massive number of eggs: đẻ một vài / một số lượng lớn trứng
• begin life as eggs: bắt đầu cuộc sống là những trái trứng
• hatch within 3 to 5 days: nở trong vòng 3 đến 5 ngày
• hatch into …: nở thành con gì
• the hatching process: quá trình nở
• to be … cm in length/ to be … cm long: dài … cm
• vary in size/colours/shapes: đa dạng về kích thước / màu sắc / hình dạng
• to be termed …/ to be commonly called …: được gọi chung là …
• grow to adult size/ grow to maturity/ turn into an adult: tăng trưởng thành kích
thước trưởng thành/ tới giai đoạn trưởng thành
• make it to the adult stage: đạt tới giai đoạn trưởng thành
• emerge/appear: xuất hiện
• feeding grounds: khu vực kiếm ăn
• feed on…: ăn cái gì
• external gills/ internal gills: cái mang bên ngoài / cái mang bên trong
• grow the hind legs/ the front legs: mọc chân sau / chân trước
• grow quickly in size/ double in size: phát triển nhanh chóng về kích thước / kích
thước gấp đôi
• shed their old skin/ shed their outer layer: thay da cũ / thay lớp ngoài của
chúng
• moult several times: thay lông vài lần
• breathe underwater: hít thở dưới nước
• make mass migration across long distances: thực hiện di cư hàng loạt với
khoảng cách dài
• the cycle repeats itself/ starts again: chu kỳ lặp lại/ bắt đầu lại
• the life cycle takes/lasts …. days/weeks/…: vòng đời kéo dài …. ngày / tuần / …
• after …days/weeks of development: sau … ngày / tuần phát triển
• normally live for … to … weeks/months/years: thường sống từ … đến … tuần /
tháng / năm
• over the course of … days/weeks: trong bao nhiêu ngày / tuần
• to be covered with …: được che phủ, bao phủ bởi …
• build their nests in trees/on the ground: xây dựng tổ của chúng trên cây / trên
mặt đất
• under optimal conditions: trong điều kiện tối ưu
• in adverse circumstances: trong các trường hợp bất lợi

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Step 1. Looking at the diagram.

Understand the cycle and identify stages.
The first thing to remember is that your aim is to describe what is happening (it can help
you to imagine that the examiner does not have the picture in front of him) so you need to
be very clear about the start, the different clear stages, and the end.
Quite often, and this is really important to reassure yourself, it simply does not matter
where you start as long as you include most of the key stages and are clear and coherent in
your response.
Hunting for visual clues.
Look to see if the diagram is divided - for example if the cycle starts in one place and then
splits, or if there are any arrow to show you the direction of something.
This might help you find a clear start. Very often in a natural process - as the name suggest
is cyclical so whether you start with a chicken or an egg does not matter!
Natural cycles.
This diagram (source Internet, unknown) is labelled The Life Cycle of a Frog and includes
key vocabulary to guide you.
You can use these words but equally if you can find your own better or alternative words
then we recommend you do as this will score you marks in lexical resource.
The rubric will say:
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The diagram illustrates the Life Cycle process of frogs in a pond.
Summarise the
information by
selecting and reporting
the main features and
make comparisons
where relevant.
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You will notice that the rubric for task 1 is always the same whether it is a pie chart, bar
chart , map, graph or process.
The life cycle of a frog - how to start.
• Use arrows (if there are any) to help you. Here there are no arrows.
• The arrows take you from mature frog, through the reproduction process (not shown
but assumed), the stages of development of tadpoles in the pond and back to the
fully grown frog again.
• It is a circular diagram - a life cycle so it does not matter where you start.
• We are going to start with the embryos as this feels logical!
• This cycle is not difficult so all you have to do is explain the stages and describe
this clearly using academic language.
Step 2 - Decide which connecting words and vocabulary you need.

Use CHUNKS or FRAGMENTS of language.
To score highly in this task 1 you need to link the stages together. Here are some key
words for this and you will see these in my answer. Adverbs to connect stages in a cycle -
grammatical coherence.
• First stage.
• The first stage is when + noun + verb
• To begin with,
• The process commences with
• Initially,
• Middle stages.
• This step involves + ing
• Then,
• Once,
• After that,
• The next stage in the cycle/ process is...
• After the completion of this stage, the next step is usually…
• While / As
• Once A is finished, B is able to start.
• As a result of ….
• When,
• As soon as,
• Where
• Final stages.
• Subsequently,
• Following this,
• Once this stage is complete, …
• This results in ..
• Finally,
• Eventually.
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Vocabulary and synonyms - lexical coherence.

This diagram gives you a certain amount of language. You have the choice of whether to
repeat it in your description or try and vary it.
What you do here will depend on how well you understand the diagram and the words. It
is not an absolute disaster in this task if you do repeat some of the words from the diagram
as they are technical terms.
You should, however, try and find alternatives for the more general English words if you
can and this will help you score marks on lexical range. It will also help your lexical
coherence as you are using words belonging to the same lexical field or group.
Frog : amphibian, toad.
Mature: adult, fully grown. Mating: reproduction process or cycle.
Frog spawn: fertilised eggs.
Pond: water. Tadpole: no alternative.
Growing: developing, maturing. Young frog: baby, small frog, young.
Legs: limbs.
Step 3 - Quickly plan and organise your answer.
• Write an overview using words to describe a sequence such as stage, step, phase.
• Use the correct tense to describe the sequence. As this is a natural cycle which is
repeated, use the present simple.
• Make sure you use transitive and intransitive verbs correctly - these are verbs which
can / can’t be used in the passive voice.
• Make sure that you form the active and passive correctly.
• Use linking words / adverbials related to sequence and ordering (see above).
Step 4 - Model answer

The diagram shows the natural process life cycle of a frog from the embryo stage, through
seven developmental phases from tadpole to fully grown amphibian.
Initially, the fertilised eggs grow into embryos from which very small tadpoles emerge and
shelter under plants in the water or pond. The tadpole begins life black in colour and it
has a long tail and shorter body. As it grows, external gills for breathing are
produced while subsequent stages in its development include a longer tail and when this
stage is complete back limbs begin to appear which allows the tiny creature to swim faster.
The baby frog is nourished from food and nutrients stored in its tail, and the next stage in
the cycle is for front limbs to begin growing while the tail shrinks and eventually
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disappears. At each stage the creature continues to enlarge significantly and changes in
colour from black, to dark green and ultimately to bright green.
Once the tail has disappeared the frog is supported on four limbs and continues, in the
final phrase, to develop into a full sized amphibian. (183 words).
Commentary
• Use of adverbial phrases to connect the sentences together and add coherence and
connection between the stages.
• Use of vocabulary / lexis connected to animals, frogs, growth, development, food

and size. This variety of words keeps the answer well connected and precise while
avoiding repetition when possible.
• Use of passive verbs is suitable when describing any kind of process.
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The life cycle of a salmon.
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E. Maps
I. Vocabulary to describe changes:
Expanding Removing Additions Change into
something
- enlarged - demolished - constructed - converted
- expanded - knocked down - built - redeveloped
- extended - pulled down - erected - replaced
- made bigger - removed - introduced - made into
- developed - torn down - added - moderated
- cut down (trees) - planted (forests, - renovated
trees)
- opened up
(facilities)
Example sentences:
- The offices were demolished and the surrounding area was redeveloped with a new
leisure centre opening up.
- The shopping centre was extended and the parking area was enlarged to accommodate
more cars.
- The trees were cut down and a new office block was erected.
- A railway was constructed with the introduction of a new train station.
- The industrial area was modernised and made bigger with some new factories being
built.
- The local government had the sports facilities renovated and the small park was made
into a children’s playground.
- The park was replaced with a new housing complex.
II. Vocabulary for showing location

*Phrases:
- to the north of
- to the east of
- in the west
- to the south of
- north-west of
*Prepositions:
- on
- next to
- near
- from north to south
- from east to west
- by
- across from
- nearby
- between
- beside
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- over
- along
*Example sentences:
- The trees to the north of the river were cut down and a new office block was built.
- A railway was constructed to the east of the housing estate with the introduction of a new
train station.
- The forest to the west of the park was cut down and a new housing complex was
constructed.
- The industrial area to the south-west of the station was expanded.
*Prepositions examples:
- Houses were constructed next to the primary school.
- The forest near the river was cut down.
- A new railway running from north to south was built.
- The footpath by the river was expanded.
- Parking facilities were added to the city centre.
- The school across from the park was extended and new sports facilities were built.
*Vocabulary for describing change over time

When describing change, the present perfect and the present perfect passive is often used.
Time phrases are also used such as: over the 20 years period, from 1990 to 2000, over the
years, in the last 10 years, in the years after 1990 and so on.
The present perfect and The present perfect passive shows that something started in the
past up until the moment (or near present)
Examples: has witnessed big changes / has become more industrialised / has been built /
has been modernised
*These sentences below are often used to give an overview of the main differences
between the two maps.
- Over the 20 year period, the area has witnessed big changes especially to the farmland
areas which were redeveloped.
- From 1990 to 2010 a new housing estate was constructed where a school once stood.
- The forest and green spaces have been profoundly affected over the two decades and
were replaced by housing.
- In the period from 1990 onward, the leisure facilities were completely renovated.
- The city centre has seen dramatic changes over the years.
- In the years after 1990, the city centre was extensively modernised.
- The town used to be vert green but it has become much more industrialised in the last 15
years.
- A new stadium has been built and more spors facilities have been opened up over the
years.
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Sample 1
25
Sample 2
The chart below shows the value of one country's exports in various categories
during 2015 and 2016. The table shows the percentage change in each category or
exports in 2016 compared with 2015.
(Source: Cambridge IELTS 14)
26
The bar chart and table give information about a country's export earnings from five
groups of products in 2015 and 2016.
It is noticeable that export revenues in all but one of the five product categories increased
over the period shown. While petroleum products were the highest earning exports in
both years, the textile industry saw the most significant growth in earnings.
Export earnings from petroleum products rose from around $61 billion in 2015 to $63
billion in 2016, which was an increase of 3%. Income from engineered goods reached a
similar level. The country’s export earnings from these goods went up by 8.5% to
approximately $62 billion in 2016.
From 2015 to 2016, there was a 15.24% increase in export revenue from textiles, with
earnings rising from roughly $25 billion to over $30 billion. By contrast, there was almost
no change in the amount of money earned from agricultural products, which remained at
just over $30 billion. Finally, the only decline in income occurred in the gems and
jewellery product group, where export earnings fell by around 5% to approximately $40
billion in 2016.
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Sample 4
The pie charts below compare water usage in San Diego, California and the rest of
the world
The pie charts give information about the water used for residential, industrial and
agricultural purposes in San Diego County, California, and the world as a whole.
It is noticeable that more water is consumed by homes than by industry or agriculture in
the two American regions. By contrast, agriculture accounts for the vast majority of water
used worldwide.
In San Diego County and California State, residential water consumption accounts for
60% and 39% of total water usage. By contrast, a mere 8% of the water used globally
goes to homes. The opposite trend can be seen when we look at water consumption for
agriculture. This accounts for a massive 69% of global water use, but only 17% and 28%
of water usage in San Diego and California respectively.
Such dramatic differences are not seen when we compare the figures for industrial water
use. The same proportion of water (23%) is used by industry in San Diego and
worldwide, while the figure for California is 10% higher, at 33%.
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Sample 4
The chart shows average distances that people in England travelled using different forms
of transport in the years 1985 and 2000.
It is clear that the total number of miles travelled by English people using all modes of
transport increased significantly between 1985 and 2000. The car was by far the most
used form of transport in both years.
In 1985, the average person travelled 3,199 miles by car, and this rose to 4,806 miles in
the year 2000. The figures for miles travelled by train, long distance bus, taxi and other
modes also increased from 1985 to 2000. Travel by taxi saw the most significant change,
with more than a threefold increase from 13 miles per person per year in 1985 to 42
miles in 2000.
There was a fall in the average distances for three forms of transport, namely walking,
bicycle and local bus. In 1985, English people walked an average of 255 miles, but this
figure fell by 18 miles in 2000. Bicycle use fell from 51 to 41 miles over the period shown,
while the biggest downward change was in the use of local buses, with average miles per
person falling from 429 to 274 over the 15-year period.
29
Sample 5:
The following chart describes the process of collecting data via different channels to
ensure the reliability of weather report.
The whole process comprises of four stages, starting from the incoming sources of
information. After an estimated outcome is generated, it will be entered and stored into a
technological devise such as computers. When it is well-prepared, it will be disseminated
to the public.
To begin with, data is collected through satellite in the space, radar on the ground and
drifting buoy in the sea. As long as this information is gained, a series of data processing
will be followed such as analysis and forecasting. It is interpreted into visualised format
including satellite photos, radar screen as well as synoptic chart. The speculative result
will be saved in the computer once the analysis is done, and be ready to broadcast. The
public can get access to this information via different forms of media- TV newsreader,
radio and recorded telephone.
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Sample 6
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Sample 7
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Sample 8
The maps below show the centre of a small town called Islip as it is now, and plans
for its development.
The diagrams illustrate some proposed changes to the central area of the town of Islip.
It is clear that the principal change to the town will be the construction of a ring road
around the centre. Various other developments with regard to shops and housing will
accompany the building of this road.
Looking at the map of Islip as it is now, we can see that a main road runs through its
centre from east to west. The second map shows the planned pedestrianisation of this
road. Traffic will be diverted on to a dual carriageway that will form a ring around the town
centre.
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Currently there is a row of shops along either side of the main road. However, it appears
that the shops along the north side of the new pedestrian street will be demolished to
make way for a bus station, shopping centre, car park and new housing area. The shops
along the south side of the street will remain, but it seems that the town’s park will be
reduced in size so that more new houses can be built within the ring road.
34

LING Ielts - Revision Task 1

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LING

2023 Writing Task 1 -­‐ Revision

II. Had/experienced/witnessed a downward trend

III. Experienced a period of stability / no change

Stay/remain stable Stayed/remained steady

IV. Experienced a period of fluctuation

Very extensive Dramatic dramatically

1. As / Whereas/ While X verb, Y verb (at the same time)

2. Clause, followed by + Noun Phrase

3. Clause, prior to/before Verb-ing

4. Clause, after Verb – ing

5. In comparison to/with X, which verb, Y verb.

6. X verb, Verb-ing, (which verb).

B – Time fixed charts

II. So sánh hơn nhất

1. So sánh nhất với tính từ ngắn: S + to be the adj - est

III. So sánh ngang bằng

1. So sánh ngang bằng với Similiar: S + to be similar + to + N/Pronoun

(-) S + to be + not + as/so + adj + as + N/ pronoun

IV. So sánh gấp nhiều lần

1. S1 + to be twice/three/four... times + as many/much as higher/greater than + S2

Process diagram Step 1: Rewrite the introduction

Process diagram Step 2: Write the overview

Process diagram Step 3: Use the Present Simple

Process Diagram Step 4: Use a variety of linking words

Step 5. Add the ‘Band 7+’ finishing touches

• experience/undergo significant changes: trải qua những thay đổi đáng kể

Step 1. Looking at the diagram.

Hunting for visual clues.

The rubric will say:

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram illustrates the Life Cycle process of frogs in a pond.

The life cycle of a frog - how to start.

Step 2 - Decide which connecting words and vocabulary you need.

Vocabulary and synonyms - lexical coherence.

Frog : amphibian, toad.

Mature: adult, fully grown. Mating: reproduction process or cycle.

Frog spawn: fertilised eggs.

Pond: water. Tadpole: no alternative.

Growing: developing, maturing. Young frog: baby, small frog, young.

Step 3 - Quickly plan and organise your answer.

Step 4 - Model answer

• Use of vocabulary / lexis connected to animals, frogs, growth, development, food

• Use of passive verbs is suitable when describing any kind of process.

The life cycle of a salmon.

II. Vocabulary for showing location

*Vocabulary for describing change over time

(Source: Cambridge IELTS 14)

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2023 Writing Task 1 -‐ Revision