Helping Program

HP 4
Chapter 1

 Voice
Definition: Kata Kerja yang mengindikasikan sub-nya melakukan atau dikenai suatu
pekerjaan.
 Komponen: Active Voice [A.V] & Passive Voice [P.V]

[A.V] [P.V]
Subject Person Non person
Verb Me…./Ber…. di…../ter….
Tenses 8 non-cont + 8 cont 8 Non-Cont + 2Cont
Pola S + V + [O] + [Adv] S + be + V3 + [by agent]

Passive Voice
 Def: Kata kerja yang mengindikasikan sub-nya dikenai suatu perkerjaan.
 Tenses:
1. S. Pr : S + Is / am / are + V3
2. S. Ps : S + was / were + V3
3. S. F : S + will / Shall + be + V3
4. Ps. F : S + would / should + be + V3
5. Pr. Pf : S + Have / Has + been` + V3
+ [by agent]
6. Ps. Pf : S + had + been + V3
7. F. Pf : S + will / shall + have + been + V3
8. Ps. F. Pf : S + would / should + have + been + V3
9. Pr. C : S + is / am / are + being + V3
10. Ps. C : S + was / were + being + V3

 Syarat-Syarat P.V
1. Kalimat Verbal
2. Vord-nya berupa V [T]
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Note: Verb Transitive (kata kerja yang di ikuti oleh object (Noun, Pronoun, Noun
Phrase)
 Pembentukan P.V
1. Pastikan syarat terpenuhi!
2. Gunakan object A.V sebagai subject di P.V
3. Gunakan Subj A.V sebagai by agent di P.V
4. Gunakan Verb sesuai rumus tensesnya.

e.g:
A.V: Sizuka is answering some difficult questions (Verbal)
P.V: Some difficult questions are being answered by Sizuka

A.V: They have cleaned the class (Verbal)

P.V : The class has been cleaned by them

 Penulisan “by agent”

Ditulis : dianggap penting
e.g: A.V Suneo borrows my dictionary / S.Pr / Verbal
S V.ord O/n.p

P.V : My dictionary is borrowed by Suneo

Tidak ditulis: dianggap tidak penting
e.g: A.V : Someone was knocking my door / Pr. C / Verbal

P.V : My door was being knocked [by someone]

 Kalimat yang tidak bisa difasifkan:

1. Kalimat Nominal
e.g: A.V : The students are from Kalimantan
S V.ord S. Comp/adv of place
P.V : Ø

2. Kalimat dengan V [T]

e.g: A.V : Mail will go to Kuala Lumpur
P. V : Ø
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3. Kalimat dengan V [T]

Anggota:
Lack : Kekurangan Note! Meaning:
Fit : Cocok (Ukuran) Have Aktif
Suit : Cocok (Waran)
Structure: Pasif Gunakan “Belong to”
Resemble : Mirip
Have : Memiliki

e.g : A.V: The flowers Lack water /S.pr/Verbal

P.V: Ø

A.V: I have these new markers /S.pr/Verbal

P.V: These new markers belong to me

4. Kalimat yang memiliki cognate object

Cognate object: objek turunan/objek yang jatuh setelah V [I]
S V Cognate Obj Adverb Meaning
Sleep (tidur) a sound sleep Soundly Tidur Nyenyak
Dream (mimpi) a strange dream Strangely Aneh/buruk
Laugh (tertawa) a bitter laugh Bitterly Terbahak-bahak
Run (berlalri) a race Fast Dengan cepat
Live (hidup) a goodlife well Dengan baik

e.g: Saya tidur dengan nyenyak

A.V: I sleep a sound sleep / I sleep soundly
P.V: Ø

#POLA VARIASI#
1. Variasi Modal
2. Variasi Ditransitive Verb\
3. Variasi Questions
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A. Variasi Modal
1. Modal Murni
Anggota: will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must.
a) Simple:
A.V : S + M + V1 + O [adv]
P. V : S + M + be + V3 [by Agent]
e.g:
A.V: The students can answer the questions correctly.
S M V1 O Adv

P. V: The questions can be answered by the students correctly.

b) Perfect
A. V: S + M + have + V3 + O [adv]
P. V: S + M + have + been + V3 [by Agent]
e.g:
A.V: Upin will have returned the book by next day
S M have V3 O adv
P. V: The book will have been returned by Upin by next day

c) S.E.O.M (Similar Expression of Modal)

Anggota:
Be going to : will : akan
Be able to : can : bisa
Be allowed to : may : boleh
Be supposed to : Should : Seharusnya
Be to
Have to : must : harus
Have got to
Used to : would : dulu terbiasanya

Pola: A. V: S + S.E.O.M + V1 + O + [adv]

P. V: S + S.E.O.M + be + V3 + [by Agent]
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e.g; A. V: Mail was able to solve the problems

S S.E.O.M V1 O
P. V: The problems were able to be solved by Mail

B. Variasi Ditransitive Verb

Ditransitive verb [D.V] adalah verb yang diikuti oleh obj (D.O and I.O)
D.I [Direct Object] : Objek Langsung
I. O [Indirect Object] : Objek Tidak Langsung
Pola: A.V: S + D.V + I.D + D.O
P. V: S + I.O + be + D.V + D.O + [by Agent]

A.V: S + D.V + D.O + to/for + I.O

P. V: S + [D.O] + be + D.V + to/for + I.O + [by Agent]

e.g: Seseorang memberimu sebuah hadiah.

S D.V I.O D.O

A. V: Someone gives you a gift.

P. V: You are given a gift [by someone]

A. V: Someone gives a gift to you.

P. V: A gift is given to you [by someone]

C. Variasi Questions
1. Yes/No Questions
- Kalimat tanya yang membutuhkan jawaban berupa ya/tidak
- Letakkan V.aux pertama diawal kalimat dan diakhiri dengan tanda tanya.
[+] : V.aux + S + [V.aux] + V.ord + [by Agent] ?
[-] : V. aux + not + [V.aux] + V.ord + + [by Agent] ?

e.g:
o The bike was repaired. / S.ps
S V.aux V.ord
o was the bike repaired?
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o The classes have been cleaned by those students. / Pr. Pf

S V.aux V.aux V.ord by Agent
o Have the classes been cleaned by these students?

o The difficult questions are not answered by her.

S V.aux Dis.adv V.ord by Agent

o Are the difficult questions not answered by her?