2022/2023 SESSION

SEMESTER : ND 2.1
COURSE TITLE : ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY 1
COURSE CODE : EEC 239
COURSE UNIT : 3 TIME : 3HRS
INSTRUCTION : ANSWER ANY FIVE QUESTIONS
EACH QUESTION IS 12 MARKS AND 60 MARKS TOTAL

1a. State Kirchhoff’s laws and include the formulas 4 MARKS

b. Find I, I1 and I2 in the circuit below

8 marks

2a. What is a phasor ? 4 marks

b. Write down the equation for a sinusoidal voltage of 50 Hz and its peak value is
20 V. Draw the corresponding voltage versus time graph. 8 marks
3a. Distinguish between Active and Passive Element 4 marks
b. The equation for an alternating current is given by i = 77 sin 314t. Find the peak
value, frequency, time period and instantaneous value at t = 2 ms. 8 marks
4a. Distinguish between resonance frequency and Q-Factor 4 marks
b. A 400 mH coil of negligible resistance is connected to an AC circuit in which an
effective current of 6 mA is flowing. Find out the voltage across the coil if the
frequency is 1000 Hz. 8 marks
5a. Explain the term DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE 4marks
b. A capacitor of capacitance 102/π µF is connected across a 220 V, 50 Hz A.C.
mains. Calculate the capacitive reactance, RMS value of current and write down
the equations of voltage and current. 8 marks
6a. Explain the term SUPPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE 4 marks
b. Find the impedance of a series RLC circuit if the inductive reactance, capacitive
reactance and resistance are 184 Ω, 144 Ω and 30 Ω respectively. Also calculate
the phase angle between voltage and current. 8 marks
7a. Explain DUALITY PRINCIPLE 4 marks
b. A 500 μH inductor, 80/π2 pF capacitor and a 628 Ω resistor are connected to
form a series RLC circuit. Calculate the resonant frequency and Q-factor of this
circuit at resonance. 8 marks
EXAMINER
OLORUNBE VINCENT OJEH
 SOLUTION
1a. Gustav Kirchhoff’s Current Law is one of the fundamental laws used for
circuit analysis. His current law states that for a parallel path the total current
entering a circuits junction is exactly equal to the total current leaving
the same junction. This is because it has no other place to go as no charge
is lost. In other words the algebraic sum of ALL the currents entering and
leaving a junction must be equal to zero as: Σ IIN = Σ IOUT.

b. To start, all the current, IT leaves

the 24 volt supply and arrives at point A and from there it enters node B. Node
B is a junction as the current can now split into two distinct directions, with
some of the current flowing downwards and through resistor R1 with the
remainder continuing on through resistor R2 via node C. Note that the currents
flowing into and out of a node point are commonly called branch currents.
We can use Ohm’s Law to determine the individual branch currents through
each resistor as: I = V/R, thus:
For current branch B to E through resistor R1

For current branch C to D through resistor R2

From above we know that Kirchhoff’s current law states that the sum of the
currents entering a junction must equal the sum of the currents leaving the
junction, and in our simple example above, there is one current, IT going into
the junction at node B and two currents leaving the junction, I1 and I2.
Since we now know from calculation that the currents leaving the junction at
node B is I1 equals 3 amps and I2 equals 2 amps, the sum of the currents
entering the junction at node B must equal 3 + 2 = 5 amps. Thus ΣIN = IT = 5
amperes.
2a. A phasor is a rotating vector representing a quantity, such as an
alternating current or voltage, that varies sinusoidally.
b.

F =50 HZ; Vm = 20V

3a. Active element produces energy in the form of voltage or

current. Passive element stores energy in the form of voltage or
current. They have function and provide power gain (Amplifier). They
do not have function provide power gain.
b. i = 77 sin 314t ; t = 2 ms = 2×10-3 s
The general equation of an alternating current is i = Im sin ωt . On comparsion,

(i) Peak value, Im = 77 A

(ii) Frequency, f = ω/2π = 314 / 2 ×3.14 = 50 Hz

Time period, T = 1/f = 150 = 0 .02 s

(iv) At t = 2 m s,

Instantaneous value,

i = 77sin(314×2×10−3 )

i = 45.24 A

4a. Resonance frequency or resonant frequency is the maximum

frequency at which the amplitude is relatively maximum. The Q factor
is used to define the sharpness of the resonance.
b.

5a. Dynamic impedance: It is an impedance offered by the network to

the source under resonance conditions
b. The capacitive reactance will be "100Ω" and RMS value of
current is "2.2 A". A further explanation is provided below.
Explanation:
Given:

Now,
The capacitive reactance will be:
⇒

RMS value of current will be:

⇒

So that,
⇒

hence,
The equation will be:
⇒
and,
⇒
6a. Superposition theorem states that in any linear, bilateral network
where more than one source is present, the response across any
element in the circuit is the sum of the responses obtained from each
source considered separately. In contrast, all other sources are
replaced by their internal resistance
b.
XL = 184 Ω; XC = 144 Ω

R = 30 Ω

(i ) The impedance is

Impedance, Z = 50 Ω

(ii) Phase angle is

φ = 53.1

7a.

b.

L=500×10-6H; C = 80/π2 ×10−12 F; R = 628Ω

(i) Resonant frequency is

Q =12.5