非谓语

翻译，还有阅读和完形的长难句分析都很重要，但是要想理解并掌握非谓语这个知
识点是有难度的。

1. 何为谓语？
一个简单句（5 种）中有且只有一个谓语（一山不容二虎）
谓语一定是动词，且只有主语产生谓语
动词不一定是谓语，其他动词都是非谓语

（简单句就是只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句
子或分句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，没有连词没有关系词）

2. 非谓语的本质

名称 抽象 本质 运用 充当成分 例句

I would like to come

[come] to your party
（想要，还未发生）
He went to France to learn
French．（目的）
将来、目的、
主语、宾语、宾补、 He arrived only
不定式 to do 不确定 出乎意料的结
定语、状语、表语
果
to find everyone

had gone( 出 乎 意

料)

[smoke] smoking

主语、宾语、表语、 is bad
长期、稳定、
动名词 doing 确定
习惯
定语． （一种习惯）（动名

词）

现 （谓 与谓语动词同 定语、状语、表语 I sit there, thinking [think]

分 doing
在 语）分 步发生（主动 （主语性质，不能换 of her
分 身 进行） 位）、宾补 （现在分词）（表一种状
词
词 省略 态：想着他）
 1. I found her gone

[go]（vi）

过 （“发现”是已经走
去
done 被动完成
分 了）
词
2. I found my bike stolen
[steal] （及物动词，表被
动）

不定式：
主语：To see is to believe．It is right to give up smoking．
宾语：He wanted to go．I find it interesting to study work with him.
宾语补足语：He asked me to do the work with him.
注意：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make 等
词后的补足语中，不定式不带 to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to．
定语：I have some books for you to read
状语：I came here to see you．(目的)We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)He hurried to the
school to find nobody there
表语：My job is to help the patient．

动名词：
主语、表语：seeing is believing，my job is teaching
定语：He has a reading room.
宾语：I remember doing the exercise. （提一嘴和 to do 不一样的用法（确定&不确定），相同的还有
forget、stop）
存 在 只 能 用 动 名 词 不 能 用 不 定 式 的 情 况 admit ， appreciate ， avoid ， consider, delay,
dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel， like.

分词：
定语：The man standing by the window is our teacher. （boring & bored）
状语：Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time．(时间)
表语：The news is inspiring.
The glass is broken．
宾语补足语： We saw the teacher making the experiment。
练习：（一山不容二虎）
1. I heard someone singing (sing) just now.
2. She is sitting by the lake, listening (listen) to the music. （伴随，正在进行）
3. Suddenly, I noticed (notice) that（关系词，又要出现主谓）（宾语从句） a man sitting （定语，主
动） (sit) at the table next to the window kept glancing（keep doing sth.) (动名词,保持做某事，是确定
的）(glance) in my direction, as if（连接词，可以接主谓） he knew (know) me

翻译：
1. the victim would have had a chance to live（本来有机会活下来）, If he had been taken to hospital in
time.
would have survived
在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时（had done），而主句中则
用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，即 would/ could/ should/ might have done
① 从句与现在事实不一致，if+主语+过去式，主语+should/could/would/might+动词原型
② 从句与将来事实不一致，if+主语+过去式（或主语+should+动原，或 were to+动原），主语
+should/could/would/might+动词原型

2. Things that seem vague at first (开始看起来模糊不清的事情) might will become clear and organic a
third time.
[考点]用 that 指代 things，作定语从句修饰主语 things

3. In such cases, the probability that women quit the job is three times larger than the probability that
men do （比男性辞职的可能性大三倍）
解析:本题的考点是倍数的表达法,此处“大三倍”应翻译成 be three times larger than。本句中进行比
较的实际上是 probability,而不是 women 和 men,所以 than 引导的应该是 probability。而为了避免前
后重复,此处将 probability 的同位语从句的谓语部分 quit the job 用 do 来代替。

4. Lying in bed without any movement （她一动不动躺在床上）, she fixed her eyes on the last leaf
hanging against the blank wall.
[考点]非谓语结构，现在分词表状态，充当状语成分
5. The committee have been arguing over the problems（一直在讨论那个问题） among themselves for
years.
委员会就这个问题争论了两个小时。从时间词 for two hours 时态用完成进行时，The committee 是复
数名词，助动词用 have，
6. She is well known for （救了四十多人的性命）in an earthquake.
[考点]非谓语动词，动名词
[答案] having saved more than/over forty lives people
having saved more than/ over forty people's lives
having saved the lives of more than forty people

7. It is critical to keep the park open （保持公园开放）for the benefits of citizens as well as the
development of the city.
[考点]不定式的复合结构
[答案] to keep the park open

8. The reason why he resigned from the company（他从公司辞职） is that he wants to become a
teacher in the west of China.
[考点]定语从句
[答案] he resigned from his the company/firm
he quit his job in his company

9. I wish （我学的是历史而不是地理）when I was in university

[考点]虚拟语气， 与过去事实相反
[答案] I had studied/ learnt / learned history rather than/ instead of geography

10. Nowhere else in the company (你能找到比他工作更努力的人)

[考点]具有否定意义的词位于句首，需要部分倒装
[答案] can you find a more diligent person than him/he is
can you find a person who/that is more diligent than him
can you find one who is more diligent than him

谓语动词的部分置于主语之前（除了实义动词，其他不能单独作谓语动词，所以）