NFC Institute Of Engineering & Fertilizer Research,

Faisalabad

Name:
Hammad Malik
Roll No:
49
Department:
Computer Science
Submitted To:
Sir Shah Nawaz
Assignment:
Experiments or Electric Shop
 -:All Experiments:-
Machine shop open ended project
Objective :
To perform the turning operation on the lathe machine using
turning operation

Machine tools:
 Turning tools
 Lathe machine
 Aluminum oxide work piece

Turning operation:
In turning operation the diameter of the work piece is reduce
by using turning tools

Procedure:
 First of all hold the work piece in chucks and then center the work piece
 Take the tool and hold in tool post and center it in a way that it tip comes in
center of front face of work piece
 Switch on the machine as the rotation of chuck is in anticlockwise direction
 RPM adjust at 460
 Cross slide is used to adjust the depth of cut
 I feed on work piece with the help of carriage
 After adjusting a cut on work piece move the work piece slowly with the
help of carriage along the axis
Facing operation:
In facing operation the length of work piece reduced with the
help of facing tool

Procedure:
 First of all hold the work piece in chuck and then center the work piece
 Take the tool and hold it in its tip come in center front face of work piece
 RPM adjust 460
 Switch on the machine as the rotation of chuck is in anticlockwise direction
 Cross slide is used for feeding purpose
 Carriage is used for the depth of cut on the work piece
 After adjusting a cut on the work piece, move the work piece slowly with
help of cross slide across axis

Fitting shop open ended project experiment

Objective :
To make the metal work piece

Equipments :
 Scale
 Tri-square
 Scriber
 Punch
 Drilling machine
 Hack saw
 Rectangular file
 Mile steel piece

Procedure:
  First of all cut a metal piece from metal sheet according to dimension by
using try square and with the help of hack saw
 The length of work piece is and its width is
 by using rectangular file make the boundary of metal work piece smooth
and plain
 These lines joins give square on vertex
 By joining two square as triangle is remaining two vertex mark as wire by
using divider
 Making fix the work piece in a vice by using the fitting operation is perfume
on corner of work piece
 Thus will give us a desired shape of our work piece

Fitting shop operation

Fitting shop:
A room or place where we do assemble or fitting things is called
fitting shop

Measuring operation:
The process of measuring on the surface of
materials that will be used for fabrication purpose.

Marking operation:
Marking means laying off the shape and size of a
work piece from data in the manufacturing drawing onto the blank this is done by
scribing.

Cutting operation:
 Cutting is the technique where the operator moves a material
such as metal and the tool in relation to each other in order to shape the work
piece into the desired form through shaving, drilling etc.

Fitting operation:
File is a material removal process in manufacturing fitting
operation can be used on a wide range of material as a finishing
operation.

Punching operation:
Punching is a separating technique mainly
used to process hole into flat materials punching is a metal
working process that used in manufacturing industry it is called
punching because it involves punching a hole through a work
piece.

Drilling operation:
In the drilling operation we use the usually, produced a
cylindrical hole inside the work piece and remove the material inside it.
Threading operation:
Threading operation is the process of making external
threads by using a conventional lathe machine. e.g., thread on bolt.

Taping operation:
Taping is a machining process for producing internal threads. A
tap is cylindrical and conical.

Boring operation:
Boring operation is the process of enlarging a hole that has
already been drilled by means of a single point cutting tool. There are two types
of boring operation.
Counter boring operation:
It is the operation of enlarging one
and of an existing hole concentric with the original hole.

Counter sinking operation:

It is the process that creates a conical shaped edge near the
surface of a hole.

Fitting Shop Tools

Tools:
Any instrument of operation for performing, assisting the work or
facilitating mechanical operation.

Measuring tools:
There are following measuring tools:

 Internal caliper:
It is used to measure internal diameter of bore.

 External caliper:
It is used to measure the external diameter of things.

 Steel scale:
Steel scale is used to measure the length of any object.

 Try square:
Try square is a working tool used for checking 90degree and 45degree angles on
piece of material.

Marking tools:
There are following marking tools:

 Scriber:
A scriber is a hand tool used in metal
work to mark line on work piece.

 Center punch:
It is usually used to mark the center of a hole
when drilling holes.

 Divider:
 Divider is an instrument for measuring, transferring or marking of distance.

Loosening and tightening tools:

 Screw driver:
Screw driver tools usually hand operation for turning screw with
slotted hands these are two types of driver.

 Two ways.
 Four ways.

 Open end spanner:

The open-ended spanner fits around two parallel slide of nuts
and bolts.

 Ring spanner:
In these types of spanners, one or both ends are made of round
rings to drip nuts and bolts, to tight or lose them.
  Adjustable wrench:
It is used to turn or loosen a nut or bolts. This
wrench has jagged jaws, one of which you can adjust to get the grip
you need.

 L-key:
L-shaped tool is used for the installation and removal of fasteners with a
hexagonal head.

Cutting and striking tools:

 Chisel:
A chisel is the type of hand tool with sharp edge at the end of a metal
blade, used often by driving with a mallet or hammer.

 Hack saw:
Hack saw is a type of hand tools designed specifically for cutting through
material such as plastic, steel, and other metals.
  Shear:
It is a hand tool used for cutting rough shapes out of medium sized piece of
sheet.

 Drill bit:
A drill bit is a cutting tool used to holes in solid metal makes or enlarge .

 Plier:
Plier are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly. possibly
developed from tongs used to handle hot metal in bronze age
Europe. They are also useful for Vending and compressing a wide
range of material.
  File:
File is a tool of hard end steel in the form of a bar or rod with many small
cutting edges raised on its longitudinal surface. It is used for smoothing or
forming objects, especially of metal.

 Hammer:
The most common use are for nail pulling shaping metal, filling parts,
farming etc.

Miscellaneous tools:

 Tap:
A tap is a tool used to cut a threaded hole inside a piece of material.
  Die:
A die is a specialized machine tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or
form material to a desired shape.

 Reamer:
A reamer is a metal working tool used to create an accurate sized hole.
This process is called reamering. They may be used as a hand tool or a machine
tool.
 -:Electric Shop:-
A room or shop in which electric appliances works by means of electricity. An
electrical store is a shop focused on selling different electrical supplies (cable,
cable channels, electric sockets etc) and electrical devices (electric meters,
junction boxes, fuse boxes etc)

Electric wires:
Wire is a single electrical conductor whereas cable is group of wire
swathed together. This term of cable refers to multiple ropes used to anchor ship.

Use of electric wire:

Wire is usually a single stand of flexible rod that is conductive
in nature, it is used to bear mechanical load or to conduct electrical signals.

Tools used in electric shop:

 Screwdriver:
A tool that is used to turn screw having an and that gits into the slot
of screw.
  Spanner:
A tool with u-shaped opening or jaws for gripping an turning a nut or bolt.

 Tester:
Also called light tester or lamb tester or voltage tester is a piece of
electronic testing equipment used to determine the presence of electricity in wire
or at a point or node.

 Hammer:
It’s a tool with heavy metal head mounted at right angle on end of a
handle, used for breaking something or striking nails.
  Wire crimper:
A crimping tool is a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal by
deforming one or both to hold each other. The result of the tools work is called a
crimp.

 Pliers:
A tool having handle for grip and jaws for banding or holding small
objects or banding of wires. It also cut a wire.

 Digital multimeter:
It is also a testing tool used to measure electrical wire, like
voltage current in a amperes or resistance in ohms. It is standard tool for
technician of electrical industry.

Classification of electrical cable:

 Insulation
 Conducting material
 core
 voltage grade

cable insulation:
There are following types of insulation:

 PVC wiring:
It is usually used in electrical cable construction for insulation, bedding
and sheeting PVC is very versatile and good combination of characteristics that
explain it’s wide used.

 Vulcanize India wire:

A VIR wire mainly consists of a thin conductor having rubber
coating. Thin conductor presents sticking of rubber to conductor.

 Lead sheeted cables:

This type of wiring includes conductor insulated with VIR and
is covered with outer sheet of aluminum lead alley, which is mostly lead.

 Weatherproof wire:
 It consists of single conductor covered with either linear low
density polyethylene or cross linked polyethylene

Conductor material:
Wires are divided following types

 Aluminum wire:
Aluminum is approximately 70% lighter in weight than copper. it
needs 56% large cross-sectional area than copper.

 Copper wire:
Copper is highly conductive metal. This means current passes with
easily through it.

According to core:
There are the following types of cores given below:

 Single core:
A single core wire is a cylindrical stand of metal. In single core wire,
there is only single wire of metal present mostly of copper.

 Double core:
This type of cable connects consumer unit to power outlet sockets and
carries electricity to appliances which are plussed into circuit.

 Triple core:
Three core cable conducts electricity and has a earth or ground wire
too. They are colored black, grey and brown.

On the basic o voltage:

Electrical cables are divided as follows:
  Low-tension cables - up to 1000V.
 High-tension cables - up to 11000V.
 Super-tension cables - up to 22KV to 33KV.
 Extra high-tension cables - up to 33KV to 66KV.

Types of wiring:

 Cleat wiring:
This type of wiring is done with the help of cleat or chip.

 Capping casing wiring:

This type of wiring is done with the help of drilling a hole.
  Conduit wiring:
It is the best wiring system used for interior
wiring insulation.

 TRS wiring:
This type of wiring is run over a wooden batten. It is abbreviation of
‘tough rubber sheath’.

Electric shop operation:

An electrical is a shop focused on selling different electrical supplies and electrical
devices.

Apparatus:
 Screw drivers.
 Bulbs.
 Pliers.
 Connecting wires.

Series circuit:
A series circuit comprises a path along which the whole current flows
through each component.
Procedure:
 First of all I draw the circuit diagram.
 Then I assemble all the components required according to current diagram.
 After that I took a wire a conned it to the positive end of the battery and
then with the connected in series. Then I connected it a wire with the
negative side of battery then with a switch and then connected it with the
bulb.
 The blub glows when the path is closed and current flows in the circuit.

Parallel circuit:
A parallel circuit comprises branches so that the current divides and
part of it flows through any branches.

Procedure:
 First of all I draw the circuit diagram.
 Then I assembled all the components required according to the circuit
diagram.
 I took the phase point common from switch. After taking neutral. I have
connect the neutral with the neutral side of battery also give the live wire
connection to each switch and the other each of the switch wire with left
side of bulbs.
 The blub glows then the path is closed and current flows in circuit.
Bell circuit:
An electric bell is a mechanical or electrical bell that function of mean
of an electromagnet. When an electric current is applied, it produces a repetitive
buzzing, clanging, or ringing sound.

Procedure:
 First of all I draw the circuit diagram.
 Then I assembled all the components required according to the circuit
diagram.
 Now, I connected the one end of wire to the positive end of the source and
the end to the switch. Then connect the other point of switch with the
positive end of bell by a wire.
 Then I connect the neutral point of wire with the negative end of source.
 Now, when the someone presses the switch the circuit will be complete
and current will flow through it and the bell will ring.

Tube light circuit:

Tube light is the lamp that works on
low pressure mercury vapor discharge phenomenon
and convert ultraviolet rays with the help of phosphor
coated inside glass tube.
Procedure:
 First of all I draw the circuit diagram.
 Then I assembled all the components required according to the circuit
diagram.
 I took a live wire and connected it with one side of tube light and the other
two connection of the tube light to a starter with a wire.
 After this I have connected the left side of the tube light with the choke and
then to the neutral from the outside.
 The tube light glows when the path is closed and current flows in the
circuit.

Two-way switch circuit:

The two-way switch is used to ON and OFF the light from
two different locations and the switch is mostly used in the case of stairs, in room
that have two entries.

Procedure:
 First, I draw a circuit diagram.
 Then I assembled all the components required according to the circuit
diagram.
 This is a two-way series circuit.
 This switch has three terminals from which two terminals are common. The
live wire is attached with first switch and the neutral wire attached with the
second switch. The bulb attached with a neutral wire.
  The bulb glows when the circuit is closed and any of the switch is ON or
both are ON.

Electric shop open ended project experiment:-

Objective:
To make the extension wire project.

Equipment:
 Wood board.
 2 sockets.
 2 switches.
 2 universal plugs.
 1 volt meter.
 1 led.
 7 meter double core.
 Flexible 3-29 wire.
 3 meter jumper wire.
 1 main switch.
Procedure:
 First of all we connected in series on electric wood board.
 Secondly, we take phase (+) common from the circuit in all the elements
connects all the equipment’s on electric board.
 Then, we also take common phase (+) from switches and sockets.
 We take common neutral (-) from the circuitin all the elements which
connect all the equipment’s on electric board.
 Then, we also take common neutral (-) from switches and sockets.
 When we take common phase and neutral from the circuit which we made
on electric board then we connect main wire 3-29 with common phase and
neutral.