Dissolved Air Flotation

Circular and Rectangular Designs for Municipal and

Industrial Waste Treatment

AGLVCOMPANY
Flotation Equipment

• Separationof Solids - atingperformance.

from Liquids
• Oil and Grease Recovery

2
• Sludge Thickening

Operating Principle
Dissolvedairflotationisamethod
forseparatingandremovingsus
- pendedsolids
fromliquidbased
onchangesinthesolubilityofgas
aspressurevaries.Airisdissolved
underpressure ina
cleanliquid,
usuallyrecycledeffluentfromthe
DAFunit,andinjectedintotheraw
feed stream. Upon entering
the DAF unit, the air
pressure is re- leased and
combined withthe
liquid,whichbecomes super
sat- uratedwithmicron-
sizedairbub- bles.
Suspendedmaterials attach
totheanionically-
charged,micron- sized air
bubbles producing a lower
specific gravityforthe ag-
glomeratetoless thanthat of
water, thus effectively raising
the suspendedparticles to the
liquidsurface,forminga floating
sludge layer that is
removedby skimmers.
Heavier solids settle
tothebottomofthetankandare
rakedto a sludge pocket for
re- moval.Clear subnatant
liquid is withdrawnunder the
tankbaffle andoverthe weir
fordisposalor reuse.

Flotationof suspended solids

is achievedby threemethods
of
attachingwasteparticleswiththe
gas.Allthreemethodsofbubble-
to-solids attachment are very
fragileandturbulenceinflotation
unitsmustbekeptto aminimum
topreventdeteriorationofoper
 olids)persq.
ft.ofeffectiveflotationsurfaceareaperhourofoperation(lbs./sq.ft./hr.).
Air to Solid Ratio-A/S is the ratioof the pounds of air available for
flotation and the pounds of suspended solids tobe floated.The
A/S ratio is independent of flotation surface area.
Recycle Flow Pressurization-This applies to a dissolved air flotation
unitoperatingwitheffluentrecycle.Therecycleflowisthepercentage
of the influent flow that is recycled.

Definitions
Thefollowingtermsaregenerallyused
whendescribingthedissolved air
flotationprocess:
FeedOrInfluent-
Thewastewater,processwater,orsludgebe
ingdelivered totheflotationunit.The
concentrationismeasuredinmg/1suspen
ded solids and flow ingpm.
Effluent-The
liquidbeingdischargedfromthe
flotationunit.
Float-The concentratedsludge
skimmedfromthe topoftheunit.The
concentration ismeasured
inpercent solids.
Flotation Aid-Any chemical
thatproduces coagulation,breaks an
emulsion, and/or aids inthe
absorptionof air bubbles by the
liquid or particles to be
removed.
Hydraulic Loading-Thehydraulic
loadingrateoftheflotationunitis
expressedingpm/sq.ft.offlotationarea.
Theinfluentloadingrateisthe influent
flow plus the recycle flow
dividedby the surface area.
SolidsLoading-
Loadingoftheflotationunitinpounds(drys
 ®
Our flotator units are usedto
remove suspended solids rationefficiency,thecostofpumps, InaccordancewithHenry'sLaw,
saturationtank, andother more air
from
pres- sure system isdissolvedintoagiven
liquidsinindustrialandmunicipa
components is re- volumeofwateratincreasedpres-
l applications.They are
duced.Once saturated with sures. A 65psi system,
especially effective where
air, the pressurized clean requires
oils,fats,fibers, greases or
liquid is returnedto the raw lessrecycledwaterandproduces
colloidal solids are present.
waste flow for injection into smaller air bubbles thanthose
Inmanyapplicationsour
the flotation unit. A unique operated at lower pressures.
flotatorunitsrecovervaluableby-
backpressure valve is Recycled water serves only
products,partially offsetingthe
specially designedto to transport pressurized air
operating costoftheplant.
maintainthe proper pressure to the
in the pressurizationtank and flotationunitandprovidesnoother
Circular andrectangular to aidinthe formationofminute benefittotheprocess. Minimum
configu-
air bubbles. Pressurizedflow recyclingreduceshydraulic
rationsareavailable.Basicoperat-
is re- leasedina load- ingand turbulence,
ingprinciplesandmanyadvanced
conicalpatterninside increasing
designfeatures aredescribedin
theflotationunit,producingthor- theamountoftreatableliquidthat
this brochure.
oughmixing withminimal canbeintroducedinagiventank,
turbu- lence. Loss of thus reducing the cost capital
Pressurization Systems
dissolved air in external andoperating costs.
Our Pressurizationunitsincorpo- piping or distribution systems
rate uniquedesignfeatures
is prevented.The air- water- Onceairhasbeendissolvedinthe
into theDAFunittoprovide
solidsmixture isuniformly recycled liquid, the
auniform flow of air bubbles
distributed across the flotation pressurized
for optimum
tankby actionof the inletdiffu- streamisreleasedintotheflotation
operationandeconomy.Thepres
sion chamber. unittoprovideairbubblestoeffec
- surizationtype andflow rate
t
are selectedfor each
Dissolvingefficiencyofthepres flotation.Ashearingforceoccurs
individual ap-
- as the pressurized stream
plication.Usedexclusivelyonall
surizationtankprovides80percent con-
ourDAF units,the recycledflow
or greater saturation.The tank tactsthetreatedliquid.Micro-sized
pressurizationsystemgenerates
is specially designedto airbubbles formby
50to100micron-
reduce the exit velocity of actionofthe relief valve
sizedairbubbles helpingto
the pressur- ized recycle anddiffuser, and at-
eliminate detrimental
flow to insure that all free air tachtoflocparticlesinthewaste
coalescing.
is removedfromthe streamat the point of
liquidprior to leaving the pressure
A single-stage pressurization tank. This feature insures release.Maximumsolids capture
pumpandanair compressor
that turbu- lence causedby andhighqualitysubnatantis
are usedto pressurize a
largebubbles is as- sured when air bubbles
portionof clarified effluent in
reducedandthatthemicron-sized formon
a saturation tank.As a
bubbles formproperly. solidsparticlesbythethreemeth-
resultofthehighsatu-
odsof air bubble attachment.

3
 Circular Flotators - Concrete or Steel Construction

Designsthrough50-footdiameter
are standard with customized torequiremaintenance.Hydrauli beendemonstratedinmanythick-
unitsavailableupto100-footdiam- c principles of circular units eningand
eter.Awiderangeofsizesassures have clarifyingapplications.
the correct operational
perfor- mance inthemost Flotator Mechanism Sizing – Steel Tanks*
economical construction.
Tank Net Flotation
Type Diameter* Area (sq.ft.)
Circularunits are
equippedwith aheavy- Circular-Type B 9' 60
dutydrive withoverload 11' 92
protection.Avariablespeeddrive 14' 129
or constantspeeddrive 16' 173
withad- 18' 226
justabletimerisprovidedtocontrol 20' 283
the float removal rate 25' 452
formaxi- mumfloat 30' 660
concentration.Positive 35' 907
removalofnon- 40' 1194
floatablematerials is 45' 1520
50' 1885
achievedby a bottom-raking
Circular Type C 60' 2733
mechanism,drivenby the
70' 3739
same motor that operates 75' 4243
the float skimmer. 80' 4840
85' 5476
Lowmaintenance
andoperating *Larger units available in concrete tanks.

costsareprovidedwiththesimple
butruggeddesignof
circularDAF
units.Therearenostuffingboxes
, underwater bearings or
chains

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Circular Flotators

5
 Circular Flotators

6
 Circular Flotators

RotatingCenter Feedwell
For Applications
withChemical Additions
Weofferanoptionalrotatingcen
-
terfeedwellinplaceofthe center
cage.Therotatingcenterfeedwell
provides a low-velocity
chamber
inwhichthepressurizedairstream
comesincontactwiththeincom-
ingfeed,allowingforgooddisper
- sionof chemicals
andenhanced floc
formation.The feed inlet is
locatedatthebottomofthetank,
andthepressurizationline is fed
infromthetop.Thisarrangement
has beenproventobe effective
inbothmunicipal and
industrial applications.

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 Rectangular Flotators - Concrete or Steel Construction
A wide selectionofsizes is
avail-
abletosuitmostapplicationre-
quirements. An integral float
storagesumpwithinclinedbottom
is incorporatedinallour rectan-
gularflotators.Thisprovidessuffi-
cientstoragecapacitytoeliminate
the needfor a separate sludge
storage tank.
Completemixingof the influent
andpressurizedflow
isachieved
insidetheflotationunit.Aspecially
8
designedradial portedtoone endof the
influentdiffuser tankfor removal by sludge
isprovidedtouniformlydistribut pumps or an optional screw
e conveyor.
theincomingflowacrossthesur Flotator Mechanism Sizing-Steel Tanks*
- faceof the flotator. Net Flotation
TypeSize*Area (Sq.Ft)
RectangularRS-10105
RS-15168
Positive acting float skimmers RS-25254
complete withwipers andvari- RS-40422
able-speeddriveassuremaximum RS-55553
control for removal of floated RS-75760
material. Bottomrakingblades
RS-1001052
RS-1251250
remove non- *Larger units available in concrete tanks.
floatablematerials
independentlyoftheskimmerdriv
e mechanism. Sludge
canbetrans-
Rectangular Flotators

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 Rectangular Flotators

10
 Pilot Plant Equipment

Complete pilotplantunits are

availableincircularandrectangu-
lardesigns for testing
industrial ormunicipal wastes
atyourfacil-
ities.Ourqualifiedengineers can
assistyourengineersindetermin-
ingdesignloadings,air require-
mentsandexpectedresults.Bench
tests candetermine suitabilityof
yourwastetodissolvedairfloata-
tion treatment. Benchtestkits
are available for in-site testing
andcanbepurchasedtooptimize
your floatation applications.

Benchtestkit,packed in aluminum case, is easily assembledfor use.

1
Typical Applications for Flotators

Applications for DAFFlotation

Systems

Industrial
• Poultry Processing
• Meat Packing
• Rendering
• Canning
• PreparedFoods
• Seafood Processing
• SnackFoods
• Railroads
• Refinery
• Storm Water Treatment
• Power Plants
• Chemical Processing Plants
• StockyardandFeedlotRun-Off
• Tanning
• Pulp and Paper
• Ballast Water Treatment
• Produced Water
• TankTruckCleaning
• Textile
• Fiber Recovery
• Mining
• Algae Removal
• Heavy Metals Removal
• Automotive
• Aircraft Maintenance
Design Parameters • Durable Goods
Air/Solids, lbs. air/lbs. solids 0.02 • Oil Refinery Waste
2
Hydraulic surface loadinggpm/ft 1.5-2.0
Municipal
2
Solids loading, lbs./ft. 1.5-2.0 • Sludge Thickening
FloatConcentration, % 4-6 • Algae Removal
• Clarification
Capture-w/opolymer,% 85
-w polymer, % 95+

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