FOUR BASIC

EPITHELIAL TISSUE
EPITHELIAL TISSUE TISSUE TYPES

Maricho Barnachea-Moran RMT - tissue in which cells are bound tightly together
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
structurally and functionally to form a sheetlike or
tubular structure

GENERAL
FUNCTIONS BASEMENT MEMEBRANE
CHARACTERISTICS
1.Lines the internal and covers the external surfaces of the Thin extracellular layer of specialized
1.Variable in shape and dimensions proteins
body.
(Columnar/Cuboidal/ Squamous)
2.Protects the body from abrasion and injury.
2.The cells’ size and morphology are generally dictated Two Parts:
(e.g., skin and esophagus) 1.basal lamina-thin meshwork of type IV
by their function.
3.Absorption of material from a lumen collagen and laminin produced by the
3.Number & Shape of stained nuclei are important
(e.g., tubules in kidney,small and largeintestines) epithelial cells.
indicators of cell shape and density; primary
4.Transportation of material along a surface.
morphologic criterion for classifying epithelia 2.reticular lamina-contains type III
(e.g., cilia-mediated transport in the trachea)
4.Epithelial cells shows polarity collagen and anchoring fibrils of VII
5.Secretion of mucus, hormones, and proteins.
• Basal pole collagen
• Apical pole (e.g., glands);
4.All epithelial tissues lie at the basement membrane. 6.Gas exchange.
5.All Epithelial tissues are Avascular (e.g., alveoli in the lung)
7.Lubrication between two surfaces.
(e.g., mesothelium of pleural cavity).

TYPES OF JUNCTIONAL OCCLUDING OR TIGHT ADHERENT JUNCTION

COMPLEXES JUNCTIONS

-Seals adjacent cells to one another, controlling

-Provides points linking the cytoskeletons of
1. OCCLUDING OR TIGHT JUNCTIONS passage of molecules between them; separates apical
adjacent cells; strengthens and stabilizes nearby
2. ADHERENT JUNCTION and basolateral membrane domains
tight junction
3. DESMOSOME OR MACULA ADHERENS Major transmembrane link proteins:
• Occludins, claudins,ZO proteins Major transmembrane link proteins:
4. HEMIDESMOSOMES
• E-cadherin,catenin complexes
5. GAP OR COMMUNICATING JUNCTIONS
 DESMOSOME OR MACULA GAP OR COMMUNICATING
ADHERENS HEMIDESMOSOMES JUNCTIONS

-Provides points of strong intermediate filament -Allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions
- Anchors cytoskeleton to the basal lamina
coupling between adjacent cells, strengthening the from one cell to another
tissue Major transmembrane link proteins:
Major transmembrane link proteins:
• Integrin • Connexi
Major transmembrane link proteins:
s n
• Cadherin family proteins
(desmogleins,desmocollin)

APICAL STRUCTURES APICAL STRUCTURES CLASSIFICATION

OF EPITHELIAL CELLS OF EPITHELIAL CELLS /NOMENCLATURE

1.Microvilli -are small membrane projections with cores of

1.BASED ON SHAPE OF THE CELL
actin filaments that generally function to increase epithelial
cells’ apical surface area for absorption. 2.BASED ON THE NUMBER OF LAYERS
2.Stereocilia are long microvilli with specialized
3.BASED ON THE SURFACE MODIFICATION OF THE
mechanosensory function;increase the cells’ surface area
CELL
facilitating absorption;longer and less motile than microvilli
& show branching distally 4.BASED ON THE FUNCTION(FUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM)
3.Cilia are larger projecting structures with a well-organized core
of microtubules in which restricted, dynein-based sliding of
microtubules causes ciliary movement that propel material along an
epithelial surface.
AXONEME-is 9 + 2 assembly of microtubules

1.BASED ON SHAPE 2.BASED ON THE 3.BASED ON THE SURFACE

OF THE CELL NUMBER OF LAYERS MODIFICATION OF THE CELL

A.SQUAMOUS-Flat A.ONE LAYER 1.CILIATED

A
B. CUBOIDAL-Square/Cuboid B. TWO OR MORE LAYERS 2.KERATINIZED/NON-KERATINIZED
.
C. COLUMNAR-Tall / Rectangular
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM

(A) SIMPLE EPITHELIUM

B
.

TRANSITIONAL
EPITHELIUM/UROTHELIUM
(B) STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
C
 4.FUNCTIONAL SUMMARY OF THE TYPES SECRETORY EPITHELIA &
EPITHELIUM OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE GLANDS

Summary of the types of Epithelial Tissue -synthesis and secretion of specialized products;
1.Mesothelium: serous lining of cavities such as organs composed primarily of such epithelia are called
Type of Epithelium Example
pericardium, pleura, peritoneum for lubrication Simple Squamous s of Loop of Henle, Alveoli, Blood
Lining glands
2.Endothelium: made up of flat cells that lines vessels
Simple Cuboidal Ducts of the gland, Lining of kidney
the blood vessels
tubu l e s
3.Myoepithelium: basket cells, to remodel the Simple Columnar Uterine tube, Lining of stomach, gall
scars in the skin bladder (non-ciliated), Fallopian tube
(ciliated), small intestine (w/ microvilli)
4.Endometrium: lining of the uterus Non-Keratinized: Vagina, Cervix, Mouth
Stratified squamous
5.Germinal epithelium: layer of the ovaries and Esophagus / Keratinized: Skin
seminiferous tubules Stratified Cuboidal Ducts of sweat glands

6.Glandular epithelium: for secretions Stratified Columnar Male urethra

Transitional Urinary bladder, urinary tract
Pseudostratified Columnar Trachea (ciliated)

MODES OF SECRETION
EXOCRINE GLANDS
BY GLANDS

-They have epithelial ducts carrying secretions to 1.Merocrine secretion- releases products, usually containing
specific sites; the ducts of simple glands are proteins, by means of exocytosis at the apical end of the
unbranched and those of compound glands are secretory cells. Most exocrine glands are merocrine
branched.

MODES OF SECRETION MODES OF SECRETION

BY GLANDS BY GLANDS

2.Holocrine secretion-secretion is produced by the 3.Apocrine secretion-involves loss of membrane-enclosed

disintegration of the secretory cells themselves as they apical cytoplasm, usually containing one or more lipid
complete their terminal differentiation, which involves droplets. Apocrine secretion, along with merocrine
becoming filled with product. secretion, is seen in mammary glands.
-Sebaceous glands of hair follicles
are the best examples of holocrine
glands.
 MUCUOS&SEROUS
ENDOCRINE GLANDS GLANDS

- lack ducts
- secreted substances are hormones carried EXOCRINE GLANDS PRODUCING MUCUS, OR SIMILAR
throughout the body by the interstitial fluid and INDIVIDUAL CELLS CALLED GOBLET CELLS, ARE
blood, with specificity produced by the hormone
receptors of target cells
CALLED
COMPONENTS
MUCOUS
OF
GLANDS;
MUCUS STAIN
OLIGOSACCHARIDE
POORLY WITH
THANK YOU!!
ROUTINE DYES BUT STAIN WELL WITH PAS STAIN.
"Self-belief and hard work will always earn you success." – Virat Kohli
EXOCRINE GLANDS PRODUCING LARGELY ENZYMES
(PROTEINS) ARE CALLED SEROUS GLANDS AND STAIN
DARKLY WITH H&E DUE TO THE CELLS’ CONTENT OF
RER AND SECRETORY GRANULES.