Advanced English

Pronouns & main verbs conjugation

to be to do to have
English Español
presente pasado presente pasado presente pasado
I Yo am was do did have had
4You Tú are were do did have had
He, she, it Él, ella, esto is was does did has had
We Nosotros are were do did have had
You Ustedes, vosotr@s are were do did have had
They Ellos are were do did have had

Tiempos en inglés
Presente simple
Oración
Verbo principal
Afirmativa Sujeto + + + Compl.
en presente
Verbo principal
Negativa Sujeto + Auxiliar do + not + + Compl.
en presente
Verbo principal
Interrog. Auxiliar do + Sujeto + + Compl.
en presente

Sujeto Verbo auxiliar Verbo principal Complemento

I, you, we, they like cookies.
+
He, she, it likes cookies.
I, you, we, they do not like cookies.
-
He, she, it does not like cookies.
Do I, you, we, they like cookies?
?
Does he, she, it like cookies?

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 Presente continuo (progresivo)
Oración
Verbo principal
Afirmativa Sujeto + Auxiliar be + en present + Compl.
participle (-ing)
Verbo principal
Negativa Sujeto + Auxiliar be + not + en present + Compl.
participle (-ing)
Verbo principal
Interrog. Auxiliar be + Sujeto + en present + Compl.
participle (-ing)

Sujeto Verbo auxiliar Verbo principal Complemento

I am writing a letter.
+ He, she, it is writing a letter.
You, we they are writing a letter.
I am not watching TV.
- He, she, it is not watching TV.
You, we they are not watching TV.
Am I feeling better?
? Is he, she, it feeling better?
Are you, we, they feeling better?

For actions happening now.

For actions in the future, when they are planned.
For actions happening around now.

Spelling:
Basic rule: add -ing to the main verb.

Exceptions: Main verb ends in consonant + stressed vowel + consonant, double the last letter.
(stop - stopping, run - running, begin - beginning)

Main verb ends in ie, change the ie to y

(lie - lying, die - dying)

Main verb ends in vowel + consonant + e, omit the e.

(come - coming, write - writing, take - taking, make - making)

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 Pasado simple
Oración
Verbo principal
Afirmativa Sujeto + + + Compl.
en pasado
Verbo principal
Negativa Sujeto + Auxiliar do + not + + Compl.
en infinitivo
Verbo principal
Interrog. Auxiliar do + Sujeto + + Compl.
en infinitivo

Sujeto Verbo auxiliar Verbo principal Complemento

I, you, he, she,
+ went to the cinema last night.
it, we, they
I, you, he, she,
- did not go to the cinema last night.
it, we, they
I, you, he, she,
? Did go to the cinema last night?
it, we, they

Pasado simple with verb to be

Oración
Verbo to be en
Afirmativa Sujeto + + + Compl.
pasado
Verbo to be en
Negativa Sujeto + + + Compl.
pasado + not
Verbo to be
Interrog. + Sujeto + + Compl.
en pasado

Sujeto Verbo auxiliar Verbo principal Complemento

I, he, she, it was at work.
+
You, we, they were happy.
I, he, she, it was not in London.
-
You, we, they were not late.
Was I, he, she, it angry?
?
Were You, we, they right?

3
 Pasado continuo
Oración
Verbo principal
Afirmativa Sujeto + Auxiliar be + en present + Compl.
participle (-ing)
Verbo principal
Negativa Sujeto + Auxiliar be + not + en present + Compl.
participle (-ing)
Verbo principal
Verbo to be
Interrog. + Sujeto + en present + Compl.
en pasado
participle (-ing)

Sujeto Verbo auxiliar Verbo principal Complemento

I, he, she, it was driving home.
+
You, we, they were baking some cookies.
I, he, she, it was not telling the truth.
-
You, we, they were not taking a break.
Was I, he, she, it buying some clothes?
?
Were You, we, they ordering a meal?

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 Present perfect
Oración
Verbo principal en
Afirmativa Sujeto + Auxiliar have + past participle + Compl.
(participio)
Verbo principal en
Negativa Sujeto + Auxiliar have + not + past participle + Compl.
(participio)
Verbo principal en
Interrog. Auxiliar have + Sujeto + past participle + Compl.
(participio)

Sujeto Verbo auxiliar Verbo principal Complemento

I, you, we, they have finished the task.
+
He, she, it has been to Bangkok.
I, you, we, they have not played since yesterday.
-
He, she, it has not used the laptop.
Have I, you, we, they thought about getting married?
?
Has He, she, it come up with an answer?

We use the Present perfect tense when there’s a connection between the past and the
present, when we talk about:
• Experience
o She has lived in Ireland.
o Have you been there?
o They have never eaten mushrooms.
• Change
o I have bought a car. (Recently I didn’t have a car, but I have a car now)
• Continuing situation
o She has been ill for 2 days.
o I have worked there since 2020.

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 Present perfect continuous
Oración
Verbo
Auxiliar Auxiliar be principal
Afirmativa Sujeto + have + en past en present + Compl.
en participle
participle
presente (participio)
(-ing)
Verbo
Auxiliar Auxiliar be principal
Negativa Sujeto + have + en past en present + Compl.
participle
+ not participle
(participio)
(-ing)
Verbo
Auxiliar Auxiliar be principal
Interrog. have + Sujeto + en past en present + Compl.
en participle
participle
presente (participio)
(-ing)

Sujeto Verbo auxiliar Verbo auxiliar Verbo principal Complemento

I, you, we, they have been trying hard.
+
He, she, it has been arguing with him.
I, you, we, they have not been attending to math classes.
-
He, she, it has not been getting better.
Have I, you, we, they been calling her?
?
Has He, she, it been playing video games?

We use the Present perfect continuous tense when there’s usually a connection between
the past and the present or now, when we talk about:
• Past action recently stopped:
o I´m tired because I’ve been dancing.
• Past action continuing now:
o I have been traveling for two hours.

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Cardinal numbers
0–9 10 - 19 20 – 90 100 – 1 000 000 000
0= zero 10= ten 20= twenty 100 = one hundred
1= one 11= eleven 21= twenty-one 101 = one hundred (and) one
2= two 12= twelve 22= twenty-two 102 = one hundred (and) two
3= three 13= thirteen 23= twenty-three 110 = one hundred (and) ten
4= four 14= fourteen 24= twenty-four 153 = one hundred (and) fifty-three
5= five 15= fifteen 25= twenty-five 200 = two hundred
6= six 16= sixteen 26= twenty-six 201 = two hundred (and) one
7= seven 17= seventeen 27= twenty-seven 202 = two hundred (and) two
8= eight 18= eighteen 28= twenty-eight 244 = two hundred (and) forty-four
9= nine 19= nineteen 29= twenty-nine 300 = three hundred
30= thirty 400 = four hundred
31= thirty-one 500 = five hundred
32= thirty-two 600 = six hundred
33= thirty-three 700 = seven hundred
34= thirty-four 800 = eight hundred
40= forty 900 = nine hundred
41= forty-one 1000 = one thousand
42= forty-two 2000 = two thousand
50= fifty 3000 = three thousand
51= fifty-one 5000 = five thousand
52= fifty-two 10 000 = ten thousand
60= sixty 100 000 = one hundred thousand
70= seventy 1 000 000 = one million
80= eighty 5 000 000 = five million
90= ninety 1 000 000 000 = one billion
8251= eight thousand two hundred (and) fifty-one 247.523= two hundred forty-seven thousand five hundred (and) twenty-three

256.689.327= two hundred fifty-six million six hundred eighty-nine thousand three hundred (and) twenty-seven

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Common verbs

Present Past
Verb Past simple Significado
continuous participle
be being was, were been ser, estar
have having had had tener
do doing did done hacer
say saying said said decir
get getting got gotten obtener
make making made made hacer
go going went gone ir
know knowing knew known saber
take taking took taken tomar
see seeing saw seen ver
come coming came come venir, llegar
think thinking thought thought pensar
look looking looked looked mirar
want wanting wanted wanted desear
give giving gave given dar
use using used used usar
find finding found found encontrar
tell telling told told contar
ask asking asked asked preguntar
work working worked worked trabajar
seem seeming seemed seemed parecer
feel feeling felt felt sentir
try trying tried tried Intentar
leave leaving left left dejar
call calling called called llamar

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Irregular verbs
Base form Past simple Past participle
awake awoke awoken
be was, were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bid bid bid
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcast
build built built
burn burned or burnt burned or burnt
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamed or dreamt dreamed or dreamt
drive drove driven
drink drank drunk
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got got (sometimes gotten)
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept

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 Base form Past simple Past participle
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
learn learned or learnt learned or learnt
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
show showed showed or shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
stink stank stunk
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written

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