Dual

innervation
Team 1: Grachel, Han Sheng, Geraldine,
Riviinyaa, Xiao Qing.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Dual innervation
01
Complementary effect
02
aNTAGONISTic effect
03
Co-operative
effect 04
Horner’s syndrome 05
 Dual innervation

● Occurs in the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

● Receives inputs from both the sympathetic & parasympathetic subdivisions to

perform simultaneous actions that falls into 3 categories:-

○ Complementary Effect (eg. Gastric mucosal glands)

○ Antagonist Effect (eg. Heart, Eye)
○ Cooperative Effect (eg. Penis, Clitoris)

● Many visceral organs receive dual innervation from the ANS.

○ Organs like arrector pili receives only a single innervation
from the ANS.

Han Sheng
 Complementary effect
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic stimulation produces similar effects

Target effector sympathetic parasympathetic

Salivary glands Stimulates secretion of Stimulate secretion of
viscous saliva watery saliva

GI tract gland secretion Inhibits Stimulates

XIao Qing
 Antagonistic EFFECT
An organ is controlled by 2 different kinds of nerve and the
effects of the nerves on the organs are different.

Example: Example:
Effect of Sympathetic Effect of Sympathetic
innervation and innervation and
Parasympathetic Parasympathetic innervation
innervation in the heart. in the eye.

Sympathetic nervous Sympathetic nervous

system: system:
- Heart rate increase - Eye dilate

Parasympathetic nervous Parasympathetic nervous

system (recovery phase) system:
- Decrease heart rate - Eye constrict
and maintain
homeostasis. Geraldine
 Co-operative Effect
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems produce different effects
that work together to produce the desired overall response

Example : Female Reproductive System Example : Urinary System (during

urination/needing to urinate)
● parasympathetic nervous system :
○ stimulates erection of clitoris
● sympathetic nervous system :
○ mediates rhythmic vaginal
contractions
● parasympathetic nervous system :
○ promotes contraction of urinary
bladder
● sympathetic nervous system :
○ increases tone of detrusor
muscles (enhances contraction of
urinary bladder)

grachel
 HOrner’s syndrome
→affects face and eyes on one side of the body
→occurs due to disruption in the sympathetic pathway
Causes
Congenital: birth trauma/injury to nerves/carotid artery during delivery
Acquired: disorders affecting neck, chest, lungs,
disruption of blood supply to brain
Types
First order (central) Horner’s syndrome
→nerve pathway from hypothalamus → brain stem →spinal cord → chest affected
→interruption of blood flow to brain stem, tumor of hypothalamus, spinal cord lesions
Second order (preganglionic)
→nerve pathway from chest to top of lungs and along the carotid artery of neck obstructed
→tumors in chest cavity, trauma to chest cavity/neck
Third order (postganglionic)
→nerve pathway from neck to middle ear and eye
→ lesions of carotid artery, ear infections, injury to skull
Symptoms
→Drooping of upper eyelid
→ pupil of one eye appears smaller than the other
→Decrease in sweating on face
Diagnosis & treatment
→imaging tests (MRI, CT scan)
→treatment depends on underlying condition (cancer- surgery,chemotherapy) riviinyaa
rEFERENCE

● Dual Innervation | bartleby

● https://tenor.com/view/heartbeat-jerry-beating-heart-funny-gif-14065965
● https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Huma
n_Anatomy_(OERI)/14%3A_Autonomic_Nervous_System/14.03%3A_A
utonomic_Synapses_Effects_and_Reflexes#:~:text=of%20the%20syste
m.-,Many%20effector%20organs%20of%20the%20autonomic%20nervo
us%20system%20have%20dual,parasympathetic%20system%20decre
ases%20heart%20rate.
● https://www.78stepshealth.us/human-physiology/organs-with-dual-inner
vation.html
●
THANKS

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