Question 1) Consider the P-V diagram given below for a cyclic process.

Find the net heat supplied to the

system during the process.

(a) 0.625п J

(b) 0.25п J

(c) 0.1п J

(d) 0.2п J

Answer: (b) 0.25п J

Solution:

It is a cyclic process so the net change in internal energy of the system will be zero. i.e.,

ΔU = 0

From first law of thermodynamics,

ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW

Therefore, ΔQ = ΔW

ΔW is the area of the shaded region

Qcycle = Wcycle = π(25)(10) Kpa-cc

= π(25)(10) x 103 x 10-6

= 0.250 πJ

Question 2) Four molecules of a diatomic gas are heated from 00C to 500C. Find the heat supplied to the gas
if work done by it is zero.

(a) 780 R

(b) 500 R

(c) 100 R

(d) 650 R

Answer:(b) 500 R

Solution:

For a diatomic molecule

Cv = 5R/2

Cp = 7R/2

Number of moles, n = 4

ΔT = 50

So, Work done = 0, the process is isochoric

In an isochoric process, Q = ΔU = nCvΔT

Therefore, Q = (4)(5R/2)(50)

= 500 R

Question 3) A gas is undergoing change in state by an isothermal process AB as follows. Work done by gas
in process AB is
(a) 100 ln2 Joule

(b) −100 ln2 Joule

(c) 200 ln2 Joule

(d) −200 ln2 Joule

Answer: (c) 200 ln2 Joule

Solution:

Wisothermal = P1V1 in (V2/V1)

V1 = 100 m3

V2 = 200 m3

P1 = 2 N/m2

Wisothermal = 2 x 100 In (200/100)

= 200 In2 Joule

Question 4) A thermally insulating cylinder has a thermally insulating and frictionless movable partition in
the middle, as shown in the figure below. On each side of the partition, there is one mole of an ideal gas,
with specific heat at constant volume, CV = 2R. Here, R is the gas constant. Initially, each side has a volume
V0 and temperature T0 . The left side has an electric heater, which is turned on at very low power to
transfer heat Q to the gas on the left side. As a result the partition moves slowly towards the right, reducing
the right side volume to V0 /2. Consequently, the gas temperatures on the left and the right sides become TL
and TR, respectively. Ignore the changes in the temperatures of the cylinder, heater and partition.

The value of TR/T0 is

(a) √2

(b) √3

(c) 2

(d) 3

Answer: (a)√2

Solution:

PV‫ = ץ‬C
Question 5) A thermally insulating cylinder has a thermally insulating and frictionless movable partition in
the middle, as shown in the figure below. On each side of the partition, there is one mole of an ideal gas,
with specific heat at constant volume, CV = 2R. Here, R is the gas constant. Initially, each side has a volume
V0 and temperature T0 . The left side has an electric heater, which is turned on at very low power to
transfer heat Q to the gas on the left side. As a result the partition moves slowly towards the right, reducing
the right side volume to V0 /2. Consequently, the gas temperatures on the left and the right sides become TL
and TR, respectively. Ignore the changes in the temperatures of the cylinder, heater and partition. The value
of Q/RT0 is

(a) 4(2√2 +1)

(b) 4(2√2 -1)

(c) (5√2 +1)

(d) (5√2 -1 )

Answer: (b) 4(2√2 -1)

Solution:

Q = ΔU1 + ΔU 2

ΔU1 = CVΔT1 = 2R(TL – T0)

ΔU2 = CVΔT2 = 2R(TR – T0)

T L = 3√2T0 , TR = √2T0

Q = 2R[3√2 -1]T0+ 2R(√2 -1]T0

Q = 4RT0[2√2 -1]

⇒ Q/RT0 = 4[2√2 -1]

Question 6) 200 g water is heated from 400C to 600C. Ignoring the slight expansion of water, the change in
its internal energy is close to (Given specific heat of water = 4184 J/kgK)

(a) 167.4 kJ

(b) 8.4 kJ

(c) 4.2 kJ

(d) 16.7 J

Answer: (d) 16.7 J

Solution:
The volume of water does not change, no work is done on or by the system (W = 0)

According to the first law of thermodynamics

Q = ΔU + W

For the isochoric process, Q = ΔU

ΔU = mcdT = 0.2 x 4184 x 20 = 16.7 kJ

Question 7) In a given process on an ideal gas, dW = 0 and dQ＜0. Then for the gas

(a) the temperature will decrease

(b) the volume will increase

(c) the pressure will remain constant

(d) the temperature will increase

Answer: (a) the temperature will decrease

Solution:

From the first law of thermodynamics

dQ = dU + dW

Here dW = 0 (given)

Therefore, dQ = dU

Now since dQ ＜0 , dQ is negative so dU decreases.

When internal energy ‘U’ decreases temperature ‘T’ decreases.

Question 8) A gas is compressed from a volume of 2m 3 to a volume of 1m3 at a constant pressure of 100
N/m2. Then it is heated at constant volume by supplying 150 J of energy. As a result, the internal energy of
the gas:

(a) Increases by 250 J

(b) decreases by 250 J

(c) increases by 50 J

(d) decreases by 50 J

Answer: (a) Increases by 250 J

Solution:
As we know,

ΔQ =Δu + ΔW

⇒ΔQ =Δu + PΔV

150 = Δu +100 (1 -2)

Δu = 150 + 100 = 250 J

Question 9) During the melting of a slab of ice at 273 K at atmospheric pressure,

(a) positive work is done by the ice water system on the atmosphere.

(b) positive work is done by the ice water system by the atmosphere.

(c) the internal energy of the ice-water system increases.

(d) the internal energy of the ice-water system decreases.

Answer: (b) positive work is done by the ice water system by the atmosphere and (c) the internal energy of
the ice-water system increases.

Solution:

There is a decrease in volume during the melting of an ice slab at 273 K.

Question 10) A thermally insulated vessel contains 150 g of water at 0 0C. Then the air from the vessel is
pumped out adiabatically. A fraction of water turns into ice and the rest evaporates at 0 0C itself. The mass
of evaporated water will be close to (Latent heat of vaporization of water = 2.10 x 10 6 J/kg and latent heat
of fusion of water = 3.36 x 105 J/kg)

(a) 150 g

(b) 20 g

(c) 130 g

(d) 35 g

Answer: (b) 20 g

Solution:

Suppose the amount of water evaporated is M gram.

Then (150 - M) grams of water is converted to ice.

So, heat consumed in evaporation = heat released in fusion

M x Lv = (150 - M) x Ls
M x 2.1 x 106 = (150 - M) x 3.36 x 105

⇒ M = 20 g