Hello, sixth graders!

Remember, studying is not just about

memorizing facts but also about understanding the
fascinating concepts that make our world tick.

Best,
MRS GINA FERNANDEZ

Topics
MOTION CHAPTER ONE page 7 D
Speed page d 16
WORK AND ENERGY CHAPTER 4 page 112 D to 139D
POWER AND WORK 139-135
notebook Activities

1. Energy Basics:
a. Definition:

● Energy is the ability to do work or cause a change. It comes in various forms,

and we'll explore a few of them.

b. Types of Energy:

● Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion (e.g., a moving car).

● Potential Energy: Stored energy (e.g., a stretched rubber band).
● Chemical Energy: Stored in the bonds of molecules (e.g., food).
● Electrical Energy: Energy from moving electrons (e.g., batteries).
● Thermal Energy: Heat energy (e.g., a warm cup of soup).
● Light Energy: Energy carried by light waves (e.g., sunlight).

2. Laws of Energy:
a. Law of Conservation of Energy:

● Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed from

one form to another.

b. First Law of Thermodynamics:

● Energy cannot appear or disappear but can change from one form to another.

c. Second Law of Thermodynamics:

● Energy naturally tends to disperse or spread out unless it's constrained.

3. Sustainable Energy:
a. Definition:

● Sustainable energy sources are environmentally friendly and can be used

without depleting natural resources.

b. Examples: try to represent each kind of energy

● Solar Energy: Harnessing sunlight for power.

● Wind Energy: Using wind turbines to generate electricity.
● Hydroelectric Energy: Capturing energy from flowing water.
● Biomass Energy: Using organic materials for fuel.
● Geothermal Energy: Tapping into Earth's internal heat.

4. Work:
a. Definition:

● Work is done when a force applied to an object causes it to move.

Work happens when a force makes something move. For example, when a
person climbs a mountain, work is being done because they are going against
gravity to go up. So, two things matter for work: Magnitude of forceThe
direction in which the body moves due to the force applied.To calculate work,
you multiply how far something moves by the force acting on it. Work is just a
number, and the unit we use to measure it is called the Joule.

● Work (W) = Force (F) × Distance (D)

● Measured in Joules (J).
 ● The formula for work is: Work = Force × Distance or W = F ××\times SBut
there's a little twist: if the force isn't pushing in the exact same direction as the
movement, you have to use the cosine of the angle between them in the
formula: W = F ××\times S ××\times Cos θθ\thetaIt's important to note that
work only happens when a force causes something to move. If you push a
wall and it doesn't move, you're not doing any work on it. However, you're still
using energy because your muscles are working, and you might get tired.

Questions to Explore:
​ How is energy transferred or transformed in a bouncing ball?
● Consider both kinetic and potential energy.
​ Explain how a battery in a flashlight produces both electrical and light energy.
● Connect the dots between different forms of energy.
​ Investigate ways your community uses sustainable energy sources.
● Research local initiatives or projects promoting sustainability.
​ Calculate work in everyday scenarios.
● Apply the work formula to real-life situations.

Activities:
​ Energy Transformations Diagram:
● Create a visual representation of how energy transforms in a simple
system.
​ Sustainable Energy Model:
● Create a drawingc showcasing different sustainable energy sources in
action.
​

Vocabulary:
● Energy, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, Chemical Energy, Electrical Energy,
Thermal Energy, Light Energy, Law of Conservation of Energy, First Law of
Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Sustainable Energy, Solar
Energy, Wind Energy, Hydroelectric Energy, Biomass Energy, Geothermal
Energy, Work