EARTH SCIENCE 11

2nd QUARTER
Module 4

Evolution of Ocean Basins and Plate

Movements

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_boundary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transform_fault

MR. BRYAN DALE D.C. DELA CRUZ

Writer

Most Essential Learning Competencies

 Describe the structure and evolution of ocean basin. (S11/12ES-IIf-33)
 Explain how the movement of plates leads to the formation of folds, faults, trenches,
volcanoes, rift valleys, and mountain ranges. (S11/12ES-IIf-34)

To the Learner
This module was specially designed to help you understand and apply the
lesson objectives. Read and follow the simple instructions as your guide.
1. Set a conducive learning space at home so you can focus on your studies.
2. Seek assistance from your parents or guardian to guide you in doing the
activities.
3. Take down important concepts and list questions you would like to ask from
your teacher.
4. Reflect and apply the concepts that you have learned.
The Writer
 Expectations
Earth is known as a blue planet because it is mainly composed of mostly water
such as seas and oceans. Some of the major events are mostly occurring at big parts
of the water such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis. From the
previous discussion, you have already an idea of how rocks behave under the different
types of stress and how seafloor spreads. At the end of this module you are expected
to:
1. Describe the structure of ocean basin;
2. Identify and describe the different stages of evolution of the ocean basin;
3. Explain the movement of plates that leads to the formation of folds, faults, trenches,
volcanoes, rift valleys, and mountain ranges.

Pretest
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the line provided before the
number.
____1. Which of the following is NOT a product of the evolution of the ocean basin?
A. Red Sea C. South China Sea
B. Pacific Ocean D. Mediterranean Sea
____2. At what stage of ocean rifting developed the Atlantic Ocean?
A. Mature B. Terminal C. Declining D. Embryonic
____3. In what stage of ocean rifting does the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau was
formed?
A. Juvenile B. Suturing C. Terminal D. Embryonic
____4. Which of the following is NOT found in the mid-ocean basins?
A. Ocean ridges C. Ocean trenches
B. Abyssal plains D. Continental shelf
____5. How East African Valley formed?
A. Due to the formation of mid-ocean ridges.
B. Through the formation of trenches and volcanic island arcs.
C. Because of the regional uplift and extensional faulting on the continent.
D. Because of the formation of high mountain belts and the continental
collision with regional uplift.

Looking Back
Directions: Match the terms in column B to its description in column A. Write the
letter of the correct answer on the line provided before the number.
Column A Column B

____1. A force applied to rock that may cause A. shear

deformation. B. stress
____2. Stress common at convergent boundary C. tension
____3. Stress common at divergent boundary D. compression
____4. Stress common at transform-fault boundary E. continental drift
____5. Movement of Earth’s continent relative to
each other.

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 Brief Introduction
Imagine you are an astronaut in a spaceship looking back at the earth. What
does it look like? You probably say that it is mostly blue, which covers the majority of
the surface of the earth. Those are oceans such as Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and the
Arctic. What about the structures underneath? It is connected to the seafloors and
plates and other activities mentioned in the past lessons.
In this module, you will be asking what the structure of the ocean is
underneath. and how does the ocean basin evolve?

Activity 1 Info-Picture!

Objective: Describe what happens during the evolution of the ocean basin.
Directions: Describe the structure of each diagram below. Write your observation on
the line provided beside the picture.

Diagram Observation

1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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5.
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6.
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Guide Questions:
1. What do you think is/are the function/s of the arrows with respect to the formation
of the diagrams above?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. What have you noticed about the directions of the arrow and the diagrams above?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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3. What is your general observation of the 6 diagrams above? What are their
similarities?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2 Match Me! Complete Me!

Objective: Identify the motions in the evolution of ocean basin.

Directions: Match the illustrations in Column A to its motion in Column B. Then, find
the appropriate description of each stage of evolution of the ocean basin in Column C.
Write only the letter of the correct answer on the line provides.

Answers Column A Column B Column C

(Illustrations) (Motion) (Description)
a. Uplift a. formation of
1. _____, _____ continental
mountain chain

b. Divergence b. narrowing of
2. _____, _____ ocean basin

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 c. Spreading c. forming of
3. _____, _____ seafloor and
oceanic ridge
d. Subduction d. trenches develop
4. _____, _____ and subduction
begins

e. Collision and e. diverging of

5. _____, _____ uplift continental section

f. Convergence and f. continents begin

6. _____, _____ uplift to split

Western US-Great baisn. n.d. http://www.eeescience.utoledo.edu/Faculty/Krantz/Oceanography/Chapter_summaries/Chap03c.evolution%20of%20ocean%20basins.htm (accessed

August 29, 2020).

Activity 3 Jumble-bee

Objective: Identify and describe the stages of the evolution of ocean basin.
Directions: Unscramble the jumbled letters to reveal the word appropriate on the
given description. Note: You may also use the ideas mentioned in Activities 1 and 2 to
guide your answer correctly.

ANSWER JUMBLED LETTERS DESCRIPTION

1. _____________________ NICRYOEMB Rift valley forms, as continents begin
to split such as Eastern Africa Rift
Valley.
2. _____________________ ELINEVUJ Rift valley deepens and is flooded by
seawater spreading begins (Mid-
ocean ridge forms). The example of
this is the Red Sea.
3. _____________________ TRUEMA Broad ocean basin widens, trenches
develop and subduction begins like
the Atlantic Ocean.
4. _____________________ DENGNILC Subduction eliminates much of
seafloor and oceanic ridge for
instance the Pacific Ocean.
5. _____________________ LANTERIM Narrow ocean basin possibly
shallowing because of sediment
input young mountain ranges along
flanks. Like for instance the
Mediterranean Sea.
6. _____________________ INGRUTUS Continental collision with regional
uplift and high mountain belts form
such as Himalayas and Tibetan
Plateau.
Guide Questions:
1. What do you think is/are the impact/s of different stages of evolution of ocean
basin to its current structure?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

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2. State the significance on the evolution of ocean basin to:
a) Continental Drift Theory: ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
b) Seafloor spreading : __________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

The evolution of the ocean basin or the stages of ocean rifting has a significant
impact on the formation of water and land such as the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean,
Himalayas, East African Rift Valley, and many more. Meanwhile, the ocean basin will
give rise also to the formation of different faults such as Extensional (pulling apart),
Compressional (pushing together), and transform (Sliding past laterally). These
formations will be explained in the succeeding activities.

Activity 4 Diagramics

Objective: Explain how plates move.

Directions: In the left column, draw an arrow/s in each diagram to determine the
direction of the movement of the plate. In the right column, briefly explain how the
plates move.

Diagrams Explanation
1.
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2.
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3.
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Guide Questions:
1. Based on the three diagrams, what is represented by the arrow/s?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. How does magma affect plate movement?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
"Plate Tectonics." In Earth Science (First Edition), by CPO Science, 255-263. Nashua, New Hampshire: CPO Science Earth Science,
2007.

Activity 5 Picture Analysis

Objective: Explain how the plate movement leads to the formation trenches, folds,
faults, rift valleys, volcanoes, and mountain ranges.
Directions: Analyze the picture below then answer the following guide questions.

Weebly. n.d. https://clarkscience8.weebly.com/divergent-plate-boundaries.html (accessed August 31, 2020).

Guide Questions:

1. What kind of plate boundary shown in the above picture? Why?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Analyze and explain the given picture above in terms of (Note: if the term/s below is
not applicable write N/A and explain why)
a) Folds:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b) Faults:
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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 c) Trenches:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
d) Volcanoes:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
e) Rift Valleys:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. What do you think will happen if the plates stop moving?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Check Your Understanding

A. Directions: Arrange the stages of evolution by numbering the item 1-6. Write your
answer on the line provided before the number.

_____Terminal (Mediterranean Sea)

_____Mature (Atlantic, Indian and Arctic Ocean)
_____Embryonic (East African Rift Valley)
_____Suturing (Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau)
_____Juvenile (Red Sea)
_____Declining (Pacific Ocean)
B. Directions: Read the definitions and label the diagram of the seafloor below. Write
your answer on the blank provided after the number.

Ocean- large bodies of water sitting atop the

ocean crust.
Magma- molten rock with the earth’s mantle
in the seafloor spreading, magma moves up
to the crust.
Oceanic ridge- mountain range where
earth’s tectonic plates are gradually moving
apart
Oceanic crust- thin parts of the earth’s crust
located under the oceans
Upper mantle- upper most part of the
mantle, part of the lithosphere
Lower mantle- the deepest parts of the
mantle, just above the core.

Adopted activityby: SEA . 2020. https://manoa.hawaii.edu/sealearning/sites/default/files/4ESS_Labeling.pdf (accessed August 31, 2020).

Remember
 Ocean basins are those areas found under the bodies of water like oceans and
seas. It can be active (where the plates are meet) or inactive (collectively
deposits of sediments)

 Stages of ocean basin evolution (ocean rifting) according to Weebly n.d.

1. Embryonic- regional uplift, extensional faulting (Ex: East African Rift
Valley)

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 2. Juvenile- rift valley deepens and is flooded by seawater, spreading
begins or mid-ocean ridges form (Ex: Read Sea, Gulf of Aden, Red Sea
Rift)
3. Mature- ocean basin with spreading center and continental margins.
(Ex: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean)
4. Declining- Dominated by convergence (subduction), trenches, volcanic
island arcs/ coastal mountain ranges. (Ex: Pacific Ocean)
5. Terminal- continental blocks squeeze ocean basin, collision, regional
uplift, narrow, closing seas. (Ex: Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf)
6. Suturing- Continental collision with regional uplift, high mountain belts
form (Ex: Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau)
 The other stages which are also parts of ocean rifting are the rifting of the red
sea and the rifting of the Pangaea.
 Plate movements can be interconnected to the continental drift of Alfred
Wegener. Where the Earth’s continents are relatively appearing to drift across
the ocean.
 Plate tectonics is a theory of a moving crustal plate that leads to the formation
of various surface features. Earth’s crust may be pushed, pulled or squeezed
out of shape by great forces acting on it.
A. Folding (Compressional or pushing together) - Pushed from the
opposite direction and there is a compressional force acting on it. The
crust crumples or wrinkles resulting in the thickening. The examples are
the Cordillera and the Sierra Madre in Luzon as well as the Himalayas.
B. Faulting (Extensional or pulling apart) – Rock masses of the crust are
pulled apart causing a tensional force that produces cracks or breaks on
the crust. It usually forms a rift valley.
C. Transform (Sliding Past laterally) - This happens where the two plates
slide past one another. The fracture zone that forms the boundary is
known as a transform fault and usually found in the ocean basin. The
linear valleys, small ponds, stream beds, deep trenches, and ridges often
mark the location of the transform boundary.
D. The other features of the earth such as volcanoes are formed when the
tectonic plates are colliding and one plate is pushed beneath others. Mid-
ocean ridges is an underwater mountain range formed also by the plate
tectonics, this is formed due to the divergent boundary.

Posttest
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the line provided before the
number.

____1. What stage of ocean rifting does Tibetan Plateau develop?

A. Suturing B. Terminal C. Declining D. Embryonic
____2. What tectonic movement usually formed a rift valley?
A. Sliding B. Drifting C. Extensional D. Compressional
____3. How the Indian Ocean evolve?
A. from the continental block squeeze ocean basin
B. from the continental collision with regional uplift
C. from the subduction, trenches and coastal mountain ranges
D. from the ocean basin with the spreading center and continental margins
____4. Which of the following statement is TRUE about crustal movement?
A. Folding and Faulting are the results of tectonic plates.
B. The ocean basin evolved through the rhythmic action of rifting.

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 C. Mountain range and volcanoes formed due to the convergent boundary.
D. Transform fault boundary occurs due to the volcanic outgassing beneath the
surface of the earth.
____5. Which of the following describes the picture below?

A. Folding
B. Drifting
C. Faulting
D. Transform

Reflection
Directions: Answer the questions below and write your general feedback on the
lesson.

Give at least two significant ideas that you learned in the topic?
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What concept/s do you want to learn more about the

topic?
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