Environmental Management

1.Benefits and limitations of solar panels

Solar power
Advantages
• Renewable
• No CO2 produced
• No fuel cost
Disadvantages
• Solar cells are expensive
• Energy only produced in day light
• Not reliable in some places
2.Issues about solar energy

Intermittency and Variability:

Solar energy's dependence on sunlight creates intermittent and

variable power generation, requiring solutions for weather-related
fluctuations and geographical limitations.

Energy Storage Challenges:

Efficient and cost-effective battery technology is crucial for storing

excess solar energy, but current limitations in lifespan,
environmental impact, and cost need to be addressed.

Resource and Material Concerns:

The production and disposal of solar panels involve resource

extraction and waste management issues, highlighting the need for
sustainable practices and recycling methods.
4.Anaerobic Digester:

Anaerobic digesters convert organic waste into biogas through a

microbial process in the absence of oxygen, providing a dual benefit
of renewable energy production (methane) and nutrient-rich digestate
for use as fertilizer.

5.IMPACTS OF OPEN-PIT MINING ON ENVIRONMENT

The vegetation is cleared and top soil removed
Rocks are broken up and loosened using explosives
Mining down as series of layers
Loose rocks are removed using diggers
Rock or mineral is tipped into trucks to be transported away
6.ISSUES EXAMPLES OF SURFACE MINING
A. Open pit mining:
B. Strip mining
ISSUES:
visual pollution
• Noise pollution
• Destroys habitat so reduces biodiversity
• Large waste
7. TYPES OF ROCKS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

igneous Rocks include those formed from the cooling and

solidification of molten magma or lava, with classifications based on
where solidification occurs, such as intrusive (e.g., granite) and
extrusive (e.g., basalt).

Sedimentary Rocks result from the accumulation and cementation of

sediments, such as sandstone or limestone, often preserving fossils
and offering insights into Earth's history.

Metamorphic Rocks are created by the alteration of existing rocks

through heat, pressure, or mineral-rich fluids, examples include
marble (from limestone) and schist (from shale).

8. IMPACTS OF OIL SPILLS

Leakage from the rigs

• Leaks in the oil pipework

• Risk of collision or damage to oil tanks during shipping

9.METHODS FOR DEALING WITH OIL SPILLS

Use of floating booms which are floating barriers that are used to trap
oil slick preventing it from spreading

• Detergent sprays help break down the oil slick into smaller droplets
that eventually degrade and disperse

• Skimmers removes oil from seawater surface which is then scrapped

of into a container