Science 9 Q3 U2

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Subject : SCIENCE Grade Level: 9

Unit Topic: EARTH SCIENCE Quarter: THIRD
UNIT LEARNING PLAN
What will students learn about Earth and Space in Grade 9? As in the previous
grade, there will be three modules in this quarter. Module 1 is about Volcanoes,
Module 2 is about Climate, and Module 3 is about Constellations.
In Module 1, we continue to make use of our observations in the environment.

We emphasize our location along the Ring of Fire. As learned in Grade 8, the
Philippines is prone to earthquakes. At grade 9, we will still give emphasis on the
location of the Philippines but as a home to volcanoes.
Just like any country along the Ring of Fire, we, too, have active and inactive
volcanoes that continuously shape the Earth’s surface. These volcanoes can be
described in different ways. Active volcanoes have different features based on
their activities and emissions.
Likewise, volcanoes have energy that can be tapped for human use. After all,
volcanism is not all bad. As part of the disaster risk reduction, we must also point
out how the negative effects of volcanic eruption can be minimized through
disaster awareness.
In Module 2, we find out the difference between weather and climate. We look
into the different factors affecting the climate of an area such as altitude, latitude,
distance from the ocean, and presence of landmass.
Since the Philippines is located just north of the equator, we have a tropical
climate. Unlike other countries with a wide range of temperature during the
course of the year, we experience a minimal difference. What are other variations
that we experience?
We also look into certain climatic phenomena that occur on a global level. We
talk further the about greenhouse effect discussed in Grade 7. In Grade 9, we will
relate it with global warming or climate change. We have to make our students
aware of risks of climate change and how its effects can be lessened.
In Module 3, we will take up constellations. In grade 5, the students were

introduced to star patterns. In Grade 9, the word constellation will be used. The
relationship between the constellations in the sky and Earth’s position along its
orbit will be given emphasis. Likewise, we have to assist our students make
inferences about the characteristics of the stars based on the characteristics of
the Sun.
CONTENT STANDARDS
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
1. volcanoes found in the Philippines;
2. factors that affect climate, and the effects of changing climate and how to
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adapt accordingly; and
3. the relationship between the visible constellations in the sky and Earth’s
position along its orbit.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
The learners should be able to:
1. participate in activities that reduce risks and lessen effects of volcanic
eruption;
2. participate in activities that reduce risks and lessen effects of climate
change; and
3. discuss whether or not popular beliefs and practices with regard to
constellations and astrology have scientific basis.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES/OBJECTIVES FOR THE UNIT
At the end of the lessons, learners should be able to:

1. Show which constellations may be observed at different times of the year
using models (S9ES -IIIj - 35)
LEARNING TARGETS
1. I can define what a constellation is;
2. I can describe the position of a constellation during a night;
3. I can explain why some constellations are not seen at certain months;
4. I can relate the position of the constellation with respect to the sun;
5. I can describe the different constellations;
6. I can construct a constellation model seen in the Philippines night sky;
7. I can identify the constellations seen at different times of the year;
8. I can explain the beliefs and practices about constellations and astrology;
and
9. I can show the importance of constellations to people today.
EXPLORE
When we look at the sky during night time, we see pinpoint of lights scattered above,
these are called stars. Sometimes the stars are group together and this is called
constellation.
The International Astronautical Union (IAU) divides the sky into 88 official constellations
with exact boundaries, so that every place in the sky belongs within a constellation. Of
these, 48 were already recognized in ancient times and had been listed by the
astronomer Ptolemy. These 48 constellations were named based on Greek and Roman
mythology.
The brightest constellation is Crux (the Southern Cross). The constellation with the
greatest number of visible stars in it is Centaurus (the Centaur- with 101 stars). The
largest constellation is Hydra (The Water Snake) which is extends over 3.158% of the
sky.
The star patterns that have been discovered but have not been officially identified as
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constellation are asterism. The most famous example of asterism is the Big Dipper, a
constellation that is quite common as it was even featured on the Alaskan state flag. The
reason why it is not considered a true constellation is because it is a part of a larger
constellation called Ursa Major (The Great Bear), Little Dipper (a part in Ursa Minor),
Keystone (in Hercules), and the Pleiades (in Taurus).
Consider this question: Why do we need to study stars and constellations?
Activity #1 Pre-Assessment. Multiple Choice: Select the letter of the best answer from
among the given choices. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A constellation is a group of visible ____ that form a pattern when viewed from
Earth.
a. Creatures b. Patterns c. Planet d. Stars
2. How would you describe the stars of a constellation?

a. Copernican b. Equally bright c. In the same cluster d. None of these
3. Why do we see different constellations?

a. Earth is rotating. c. The moon is moving.
b. The stars are moving. d. You are spinning in circles.
4. Which is NOT constellation?

a. Cassiopeia b. Cepheus c. Great Bear d. Magellanic
Cloud
5. Stars appear to move in the sky because _____________.

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a. The night sky is rotating.
b. New galaxies are formed.
c. The Universe is expanding.
d. The Earth is rotating on its axis.
6. If you are located at the North Pole, where will you see the Polaris?
a. Overhead
b. Just above the horizon
c. Around 45° from the horizon.
d. Polaris will not be seen in the North Pole.
7. Which constellation is prominently seen in the sky during summer?

a. Orion b. Hercules c. Pegasus d. Virgo
8. Why do stars have colors?

a. It is because of varied temperatures.
b. It is because of the different locations.
c. It is because of the presence of oxygen.
d. It is because of the presence of carbon dioxide.
9. What constellation has the Little Dipper as part of its pattern?

a. Polaris b. Ursa Major c. Ursa Minor d. Andromeda
10. The constellation Orion is named because it resembles a ____?

a. Plow b. A great bear c. A great hunter d. Part man, part
horse
FIRM-UP (ACQUISITION)
LC 1. Define what is a CONSTELLATIONS

constellation
Constellations refers to
a group of stars that forms a
particular shape in the sky.
LC 2. Describe famous They are located within the
constellations visible to the celestial sphere, an imaginary
naked eye sphere of which the observer is
the center and which all
celestial objects appear to be
projected and of which the
apparent dome of the visible
sky forms half. According to the
International Astronautical
Union (IAU) divides the sky into
88 official constellations with
exact boundaries, 48
constellations were named
based on Greek and Roman
mythology.
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The star patterns that have been discovered but have not been officially
identified as constellation are called asterism. Asterism refers to the distinctive pattern
formed by a group of stars which belongs to one or more constellations. The most
famous example of asterism is the Big Dipper, a constellation that quite common as it
was featured on the Alaskan state flag. It is not considered a true constellation because it
is a part of a larger constellation called Ursa Major (Great Bear).
Constellations cannot be
seen all in one night. Some of the
constellations can be seen only
during certain seasons. The part of
the sky visible at night at a
particular place gradually changes
as the season changes. The
observers at different latitudes see
different constellations. Example an
observer at the equator can view all
the constellations during a year, but
the observer at North or South Pole
can see only the stars in a single
hemisphere of constellations.
The stars appear to

change positions in the sky
throughout the year as Earth
revolves around the sun.
Astronomers divided the constellations into three regions:

1. North circumpolar constellations. They are seen by the observer at
northern mid- latitudes.
2. South circumpolar constellations. They are seen by the observer at the
southern mid-latitudes
3. Equatorial constellations. They lie on either side of the celestial equator
which is the projection of the earth’s equator to the sky.
The position of the

constellations varies throughout the
year because the Earth travels
about 960 km in its elliptical orbit
around the sun. This means that the
sun changes its position in relation
to the background stars by 1 degree
each day.
During the Southern

Hemisphere summer when the
south pole of the Earth is pointed
toward the sun, our planet is
positioned between the constellation
of Orion and the sun. This is the
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reason why Orion can be easily viewed in our sky during summer evenings. As the Earth
continues its revolution, we can observe that the Orion changes its position in the sky, it
is observed low in the eastern sky during December, sits overhead throughout February
and sinks low in the western sky during April.
The constellations also appear

to move from east to west across the
sky every night. This apparent motion
occurs due to the rotation of the Earth
in its axis, an imaginary line that
passes through Earth from its North
Pole to its South Pole. However, there
is a specific star called the Polaris or
North Star which displays a very little,
movement in the sky.
Activity 2: Constellations in the Night

Sky!
Materials: Pencil, coloring materials, activity sheet
Procedure:
1. Look at the sky four times in one starry evening at 8:00pm, 9:00pm, 10:00pm
and 11:00pm.
2. Can you see some groups of stars that form a certain pattern?
3. Sketch as many patterns of stars that you see each time you look at the sky.
4. Identify the constellations you have sketched and refer to the picture of
constellations shown by your teacher in class.
5. Locate the Big Dipper. What other constellations can you identify?
6. Observe the same part of the sky on the following night. Do you see the same
constellations in approximately the same location as last night?
Guide Questions:
1. What constellations did you see in the night sky?
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2. How do constellations apparently behave?
3. What are the different types of constellations?
4. How are the constellations classified?
5. Do you see the constellations in the same locations during the whole night?
Famous Constellations Visible to the Naked Eye
1. Aquarius. It is from Latin word which means “Water Carrier” or “Cup Carrier”.
Best viewed in October. While one of the biggest, most famous, and oldest
named constellations, Aquarius is faint and often hard to find/see. Despite its
prominent position and large size, you can see that Aquarius doesn’t really have
defining features, nor does it contain any bright stars. The protruding line to the
right is Aquarius’s right arm, with the large downward shape being a combination
of the water flowing down out of the vase and his right leg.
2. Aquila. From the Latin word for “ Eagle”. Aquila is best viewed in late
summer, September. It was the eagle that in Greek mythology actually bore
Ganymede (Aquarius) up to Mt. Olympus. The eagle was also the thunderbolt
carrier for Zeus. This constellation lies in the Milky Way band, and its most
prominent star is Altair, which is actually one of the closest naked eye stars to
the earth. The top portion of Aquila forms a shallow inverted “V,” with Altair
nearly the point. This represents the head and wings of the eagle. A line then
descends from Altair, which forms the body of an eagle.
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3. Aries. Taken from the Latin word

for “Ram”. It is best viewed in
December. This constellation is
one of 12 constellations that form
the zodiac —the constellations
that straddle the sun’s path across
the sky (known in scientific terms
as the ecliptic). Aries is formed by
just 4 (sometimes 5) visible stars,
which create a line from the ram’s
head (the lowest point in the
image above) and down its back.
Hamal is the largest and most
visible star, and is classified as an
orange giant.
4. Canis Major. It is from

the Latin word for
“Greater Dog”. This
constellation best
viewed in February.
Canis Major represents
the famed Greek dog
Laelaps. Canis Major
is notable because it
contains the brightest
star in the night sky,
Sirius. In the night sky,
it almost looks a stick
figure, with Sirius at the head, and another bright star, Adhara, at its rear end.
5. Cassiopeia. It’s the name of a queen in Greek mythology. It can be seen in the
month of November. With its distinctive “W” shape formed by five (5) bright stars,
Cassiopeia is one of the most easily recognizable constellations in the night sky
come fall and early winter. And because of that, the vain queen is one of the
most oft-mentioned in pop culture and one of the earliest constellations that
young children come to recognize in the sky.
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6. Cygnus. It is known as the

Northern Cross which is Latinized
Greek for “Swan”. It is best viewed
in September. The Northern Cross
is really just an asterism
(recognizable pattern of stars)
within Cygnus the swan. Deneb,
the swan’s tail (or top point of the
cross), is one of the brightest stars
in the night sky. In the night sky,
the goose is looking down with its
wings spread out parallel to the
horizon.
7. Gemini. Taken from the Latin for

word meaning “Twins”. It is best
viewed in the month of February.
Castor and Pollux also happen to
be the names of the brightest stars
in the constellation, and represent
the heads of the twins. Each star
then has a line forming their
bodies, giving the constellation a
rough “U” shape. The twins sit next
to Orion, making them fairly easy
to find in winter. Gemini is
prominent in the winter skies of the
Northern Hemisphere and is visible
the entire night.
8. Leo. Leo is taken Latin word meaning “Lion”. The constellation is best viewed
during the month of April. Leo has been a great lion in the night sky across
almost all mythological traditions. A distinctive backwards question mark forms
the head and chest, then moves to the left to form a triangle and the lion’s rear
end. Regulus is Leo’s brightest star, and sits in the bottom right of the
constellation, representing the lion’s front right leg.
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9. Lyra. The constellation Lyra, the lyre, is best seen from June through October in
the northern hemisphere. It is visible between latitudes 90 degrees and -40
degrees. It is a small constellation, covering an area of 286 degrees of the sky. It
is bordered by Vulpecula to the south, Hercules to the east, Draco to the north,
and Cygnus to the west. Vega, the brightest star in Lyra, forms a large triangle
with two other stars, Altair in Aquila and Deneb in Cygnus. This prominent
formation of bright stars is known as the Summer Triangle.
10. Orion. The constellation Orion, the great hunter, is visible from October through
March in both hemispheres. It can be seen at latitudes between 85 degrees and -
75 degrees. It is a large constellation filling an area 594 square degrees. It is
without a doubt one of the brightest and most beautiful constellations in the
winter sky. Two of its brightest stars are Betelgeuse and Rigel. It contains an
asterism of three stars in a straight line known as Orion’s Belt. This is one of the
most recognizable groupings of stars in the night sky.
11. Pisces. The constellation Pisces, the fishes, is visible in the sky between October
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and December in the northern hemisphere. The March equinox is currently
located in Pisces. However, due to procession of the earth's axis, it is slowly
drifting towards Aquarius. The constellation is represented as a pair of fish facing
in opposite directions, connected at the tail by a common star.
12. Scorpius. It is Latin for “Scorpion”. The constellation Scorpius, the scorpion, is
located in the southern hemisphere of the sky. It can be seen in summer from the
northern hemisphere, but is low in the sky and is best seen from the southern
hemisphere. Scorpius is easy to find due to its distinct "J" shape, also described
as a fishhook. It contains a number of notable stars and deep sky objects,
including the bright stars Antares and Shaula, the Butterfly Cluster (Messier 6).
13. Taurus. Taurus, the Bull, can be seen during the winter and the early spring in
the northern hemisphere. Taurus is one of the more recognizable constellations
in the sky. The V-shape of the horns in very easy to find and can be seen even in
urban areas with light pollution. Its brightest stars include Aldebaran and Elnath.
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14. Ursa Major. The constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear, is visible in the
northern hemisphere all year long. It is one of the best-known constellations and
is famous for containing an asterism known as the Big Dipper. Its name means
“The Great Bear” in Latin. In South Korea, the constellation is referred to as the
Seven Stars of the North. Its most famous stars include Dubhe and Merak.
15. Ursa Minor. The constellation Ursa

Minor, known as “The Little Bear”, is
visible in the northern hemisphere
all year long. It is a small
constellation covering an area of
256 square degrees. It is famous for
a group of stars known as the Little
Dipper and for Polaris, the North
Star, which is located at the tip of
the dipper's handle. Polaris is called
the North Star because it is the
closest star to the north celestial
pole. Its name means “lesser bear”
in Latin.
Activity 3: WORD HUNT. Directions: Using the table below, find the listed 26 names of
the constellations. Words appear to be straight, backwards, across, up and down, and
diagonally.
Z O X S G E M I N I S C I L U
W W L P C Y W E S U V A S I C
O G S I G O V I R G O S B B A
R W T O T F R U J T T S I R N
I A Y A U T A P E B I I G A C
O Q C V C T L D I E A O D I E
N U J Z N A H E S U S P I D R
D A I E Z O P E D U S E P A P
Z R C N E C C R R I A I P R S
W I A L D S Y U I N P A E I Z
U U O C I U A G L C C P R E E
D S W P O T S S N U O R E S S
P L E I A D E S X U P R O R F
O O C T A N S C J K S U N S Q
I S A G I T T A R I U S S O S
O P H I U C H U S K C A R Y L
S T A T S U N R O C I R P A C
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SCAFFOLD FOR TRANSFER 1
The Universe: The Constellations | History
Instructions
1. Browse this link, https://youtu.be/QXeEAQtC75g?si=D7O8mE4JzEUe5Tiy
2. Watch the History video The Universe: The Constellations

3. Answer the following process questions.
a. What are constellations?
b. What are some of the constellations?
c. What are some of the stories behind these constellations?
LEARNING COMPETENCY DEEPEN (MAKE MEANING)
LC 3: Explain why OBSERVABLE CONSTELLATIONS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR

constellations are not
observable year round While the rotation of the Earth on its axis causes the apparent nightly movement
of the stars across the sky, the revolution is responsible for the fact that we can see
LC 4: Infer about the different parts of the sky at different parts of the year. In addition to rotating, the Earth
importance of constellations also revolves around the sun. As the Earth revolves around the sun, it is projected in
then and now. front of different times of the year. The path the sun takes across the space is called the
ecliptic. The constellations through the sun passes through are zodiac constellations.
Learning Targets This is a list of all 88 constellations split up into the months when they are best
1. I can make claim based seen in the sky. The months listed assume that you are looking at the sky at 9:00 PM.
on the given EQ. For every hour later than 9:00, add half of a month. For every hour before 9:00, subtract
2. I can cite evidences from half a month. The constellations are typically visible for more than just one moth,
the text to support the depending on where you are on the Earth.
claim.
3. I can explain the January April July October
connections between Caelum Antlia Apus Aquarius
claim and evidences Dorado Chamaeleon Ara Cepheus
through giving reasons. Mensa Crater Corona Borealis Grus
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4. I can explain the various Orion Hydra Draco Lacerta
beliefs and practices on Reticulum Leo Hercules Octans
constellations. Taurus Leo Minor Norma Pegasus
5. I can show the importance Sextans Ophiuchus Piscis Austrinus
of constellations. Ursa Major Scorpius
Serpens
Triangulum
Australe
February May August November
Auriga Canes Venatici Corona Austrina Andromeda
Camelopardalis Centaurus Lyra Cassiopeia
Canis Major Coma Berenices Sagittarius Phoenix
Columba Corvus Scutum Pisces
Gemini Crux Telescopium Sculptor
Lepus Musca Tucana
Monoceros Virgo
Pictor
March June September December
Cancer Boötes Aquila Aries
Canis Minor Circinus Capricornus Cetus
Carina Libra Cygnus Eridanus
Lynx Lupus Delphinus Fornax
Puppis Ursa Minor Equuleus Horologium
Pyxis Indus Hydrus
Vela Microscopium Perseus
Volans Pavo Triangulum
Sagitta
Vulpecula
You cannot see all the constellations in one night. Some of the constellations can
be seen only during certain seasons. An observer at equator can view all the
constellations during a year, but observer at the north and south pole can see only the
stars in a single hemisphere of constellations.
Winter constellations are the constellations that are best observed in the evening
night sky from late December to late March in the northern hemisphere and from late
June to late September in the southern hemisphere . The most prominent northern winter
constellations are Auriga, Canis Major, Canis Minor, Carina, Eridanus, Gemini,
Monoceros, Orion and Taurus. Southern winter constellations are the same as northern
summer constellations.
Summer constellations are the constellations that are best seen in the evening
night sky from late June to late September in the northern hemisphere and from late
December to late March in the southern hemisphere . In addition to the circumpolar
constellations – Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Draco, Ursa Major and Ursa Minor in the northern
hemisphere and Carina, Centaurus and Crux in the southern – there are several
prominent constellations that dominate the summer sky. For northern observers, these
are the three constellations whose brightest stars (Altair, Deneb and Vega) form the
Summer Triangle – Aquila, Cygnus and Lyra –along with the southern zodiac
constellation Sagittarius and Scorpius, and the large constellations Hercules in the
northern and Ophiuchus in the southern sky.
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Spring
constellations are the
constellations that are best
seen in the evening night
sky from late March to late
June in the northern
hemisphere and from late
September to late
December in the southern
hemisphere. The most
prominent northern spring
constellations are Ursa
Major, Bootes, Leo, Cancer,
Virgo and Hydra. The
constellations Centaurus and Crux, which dominate the night sky in the southern
hemisphere, can be seen from tropical latitudes north of the equator, but are invisible to
observers living north of latitudes 25°N and 20°N respectively. For northern observers
who can see these constellations, spring is the best time of year to observe them.
Autumn
constellations are best
observed in the night sky
from late September to late
December in the northern
hemisphere and from late
March to late June in the
southern hemisphere.
Autumn is a good time to
see a number of notable
constellations, including
the zodiac constellations of
Aquarius, Aries and
Pisces, and the constellations in the Perseus family: Andromeda, Perseus, Cassiopeia,
Pegasus, Triangulum, Cetus and Cepheus Cassiopeia’s W, the Great Square of Pegasus
and Lacerta’s zig-zag shape make it easy to find them.
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Activity 4. Where Do I Belong? Directions: Identify each constellation being describe in
the picture. Choose the correct answers below and write them on the blank space
provided for each item.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
Aquarius the Water Bearer Scorpius the Scorpion Gemini the Twins
Cancer the Crab Sagittarius the Archer Libra the Scales
Aries the Ram Taurus the Bull Leo the Lion
Capricorn the Goat Pisces the Fish Virgo the Virgin
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Activity 5: Star Patterns through the Year
Materials: Photographs of the night sky at different months (Manila), Activity sheet
Procedure:
1. Look at the series of photographs below. This is how you see the night sky in
Manila (while facing North) at different months.
Figure 1a. March Night Sky (9 p.m.)
Figure 1b. June Night Sky (9 p.m.)
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Figure 1c. September Night Sky (9 p.m.)
Figure 1d. December Night Sky (9 p.m.)
Guide questions:
1. Compare the photographs. What do you notice?
2. Why are some stars visible in March but not visible in September?
3. What are the constellations seen in the different times of the year?
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Activity 6. Prominent Constellations!
Materials: Pencil, Markers, Activity Sheet
Procedure:
1. Identify the different prominent constellation during winter, summer, spring and
autumn.
2. Fill up the table below with the words from the box that follows.
Table 1.
Winter Summer Spring Autumn
Canis Major Bootes Cetus Cygnus Cancer

Eridanus Aquila Cancer Hercules Lyra
Gemini Ophiuchus Crater Leo Aquarius
Perseus Virgo Capricorn Sagittarius Scorpius
Hydra Taurus Orion Eridanus Pegasus
Pisces Andromeda Eridanus
How Early People Used the Constellations
While constellations were associated with religion, they also have practical uses.
Before the calendars, people had no way of determining when to sow or harvest except
by looking at these patterns in the sky. Ancient people developed a way to remember the
patterns by giving these patterns names and stories. For example, in the northern
hemisphere, the constellation Orion indicates the coming of cold season. The
constellations made it easier for them to recognize and interpret patterns in the sky. For
example, Gemini is seen in the Philippines during the months of April and May. Farmers
interpreted the appearance of Gemini as the end of planting season and it signified rich
harvest.
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The table below shows how the Matigsalug Manobo of Bukidnon used the stars
and constellations in relation to their agriculture.
Local Name Month of Related Western Equivalent

Appearance Agricultural
Activity
Baha December to Clearing of forest Taurus
February
Pandarawa January Start of planning Pleiades
what kind of crops
to be planted and
how wide is the
area to be planted
Balatik February Start of planting Orion’s Belt
and setting of traps
to protect the crops
from animals
Malihe March Planting of rice,
corn, or vegetables
Gibbang April and May End of planting Gemini
season; signifies
rich harvest
Malara May Stop planting Canis Minor
Lepu Late May Time to clean or Aquila
clear the fields
while waiting for
harvest time
Buwaya June Start of the rainy
season
Activity 7: Philippine Constellations

Materials: Maker, Coloring materials, Activity sheet
Procedure:
1. Look at the picture of some constellations and asterisms commonly known in the
Philippines.
2. Find their corresponding description in the boxes below.
3. Enumerate the importance of constellations to people. Fill in the table 1 below.
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Table 2
Local Name Month of Related Western Equivalent
Appearance Agricultural Activity
Uses of Constellations to People Today
According to astronomers, there are several ways by which constellations can be

useful to us. Here are some of them:
1. To Track Artificial Satellites. In the 20th century, a committee of the International

Aeronautical Union (IAU) delineated the precise boundaries for all the 88
constellations. With the precise locations of the constellations in the sky, scientists
and observers can track artificial satellites properly. There are thousands of artificial
satellites launched into the earth’s orbit. If it were not for the precise locations of the
constellations, it would be easy to misidentify a satellite as a star.
2. To Indicate General Direction. Constellations are used to indicate the general

directions in the sky. They serve as guides at night for sea navigators and sky
observers. Several constellations may be used as guides for direction. The Big
Dipper, Small Dipper, Cassiopeia are used to determine the earth’s north. The Orion
constellation is used to determine the earth’s night. The Southern Cross is used to
determine the earth’s south.
3. To Locate Certain Stars or Galaxies. Constellations also help in assisting
astronomers and navigators to locate certain stars and galaxies. A German
astronomer named Johann Bayer (1572-1603) devised a system of naming bright
stars based on the constellation they belong to. By 1930, it was possible to assign a
star to a particular constellation. Betelgeuse is called Alpha Orionis or Alpha Ori
from the Orion constellation. Between the constellations Cassiopeia and Pegasus is
a very bright star named Alpheratz. It forms one corner of the square of Pegasus.
Lately, some “stars” in some constellations were recognized as actually very distant
galaxies. The Andromeda constellation contains the Andromeda galaxy or M31. It is
located more than 2.2 million light years from the earth.
4. As inspiration: Throughout history, humans around the planet found the stars useful
for timing harvests and plantings, but they also used constellations to tell stories and
find meaning. Now, planetariums and sky watching programs retell those stories to
capture attention, spark curiosity and keep the ancient history of space exploration
alive.
Constellations of the Western Zodiac Used in Astrology
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The constellations in the night sky are connected to myth and legend, as well as the
unscientific concepts of astrology. But they also have held importance and usefulness to
science and exploration throughout history and still today.
In addition to their cultural significance, constellations have also been important

instruments that once marked the passage of time and the seasons. Today,
constellations continue to be valuable tools to orient astronomers and stargazers in the
night sky.
One constellation tradition is the western zodiac, which is made up of 12 constellations:

Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn,
Aquarius and Pisces.
As Earth rotates, the sun, moon and planets

seem to move generally along a set path
through the sky, called the ecliptic.
Astrologers use 12 of these constellations to

roughly correspond with the signs of the
zodiac to make predictions. (The
13th, Ophiuchus, it omitted because when
the signs were first described, the stars were
not in exactly the same position as they are
today.)
Today, the astrological signs differ from these

constellations, bearing only a loose reference to one another. The sign of Pisces, for
instance, currently corresponds to the rise of the constellation of Aquarius.
Activity 8: Zodiac Constellations”

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Materials: Maker, Activity sheet
Procedure: Fill up the table with the correct terms from the box below.
Sagittarius – Archer Aquarius – Water bearer Capricornus – Sea Goat

Leo – Lion Scorpio – Scorpion Taurus – Bull Libra – Scale
Pisces – Fishes Aries – Ram Cancer - Crab Gemini – Twins Virgo - Virgin
Table 3
Constellation Common Name Features
1. It occurs in the story of Hercules
2. Its brightest star is Antares, Greek for
“rival of Mars” because of its red color
3. Greek or Minoan, the god Zeus, in bull
form to abduct Phoenician princess.
4. It is the only non-living zodiac
constellations
5. The Spring Equinox occurs when the sun
is in this constellation.
6. A small dim constellation with a pretty star
cluster.
7. It is a line of three stars.
8. A prominent constellation above Orion
9. It is Demeter, the Greek corn goddess
10. This is Crocus, son of the Greek god,
Pan, and the inventor of archery.
11. Dim constellation, at that time, it was rainy
season when the sun passed through this
part of the sky
12. A small dim constellation that originated
in Babylonia.
Activity 9: The Story of My Own Constellation

Directions. Group yourselves into five. Create your own constellation and compose a
story how it originated. Construct a model of your own constellation by using indigenous
materials. The models shall be graded according to creativity, originality of concept and
presentation and neatness.
SCAFFOLD FOR TRANSFER 2. Watch the videos about the famous constellations. Take
note of their positions, types and their locations. You may use a concept map for your
answers.
15 Famous Constellations You Can See in The Night Sky | Animation

https://youtu.be/wWSJAG-5Llc?si=JvOR9rDtG3EsGmzl
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Constellations for Kids | Learn about the types of constellations, their names, and how to
find them
https://youtu.be/pqis3gZwVaY?si=wfqNVtKMkkR7w8mI
Types of Constellations
https://youtu.be/TQNH_0lMqF0?si=CEAcJspys8eka2sZ
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GUIDED GENERALIZATION TABLE
Essential Question Text 1 Text 2 Text 3

Why do we need to Answer: Answer: Answer:
study stars and Supporting Texts: Supporting Texts: Supporting Texts:
constellations? Reason: Reason: Reason:
Common Ideas in Reasons: Constellations are important in our daily life.
Enduring Understanding/Generalization: Learners will understand that constellations
have been used in the past and at present for various reasons.
C-E-R Questions:
1. Look at your answers to the essential questions in the above table. What do all
the answers have in common?
2. How do the answers differ? Are the answers the same? How can we minimize
the dangers of volcanic eruptions?
3. How do you find the activity?
4. Did it help you deepen your understanding of the standards?
5. What realizations do you have now in relation to the essential question?
Rubric
Level Descriptors
4 Highly specific discussion of the Enduring Understanding with strong
justifications
3 Enough discussion of the Enduring Understanding with adequate
justifications
2 Partial/lacking discussion of the Enduring Understanding with limited
justifications
1 Vague discussion of the Enduring Understanding and does not provide
justifications
0 No attempt to discuss the Enduring Understanding
CER 1
Instruction: Read an article about the constellations and its uses in ancient times from the
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given link. Answer the main EQ (Essential Question) for this quarter in C-E-R form by
following the given format.
Early Astronomy
https://www2.nau.edu/~gaud/bio301/content/erlast.htm
CER 2
Instruction: Watch a video about the myths of constellations. After watching the video
from the given link, answer the main EQ (Essential Question) for this quarter in C-E-R
form by following the given format.
Star Myths: The Stories of the Constellations

https://youtu.be/6KNpfrJc1Zs?si=lcTLnZOZmKOGEfAi
CER 3 Instruction: Watch a video on the uses of constellations in the modern times from
the given link. Answer the main EQ (Essential Question) for this quarter in C-E-R form by
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following the given format.
How to Navigate Using the Stars

https://youtu.be/Bh5kHTBr0gU?si=OKNL9hDiyObNYnBc
SCAFFOLD FOR TRANSFER 3: Watch a video on the constellations in the Philippines.

Take note of their stories and uses. You may use a graphic organizer for your answers.
The Philippine Celestial Sphere & Constellations

https://youtu.be/LqADr-yKnuY?si=0SuuIfRDc704xKBl
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Celestial sphere and the constellations in the Philippines
https://youtu.be/IS_0bYza2u8?si=RfsC0vuktZmUPDD2
LEARNING COMPETENCY TRANSFER
Transfer Goal: Students will, on their own, make models of the different constellations
PERFORMANCE that can be seen in the Philippines at different times and in the long run, be familiar with
STANDARD: Show which their ancient stories, locations, positions and importance.
constellations may be
observed at different times of Performance Task: You are an astronomer from the International Astronomical Union.
the year using models You were invited by the PAGASA to speak before science students who attended a
summit about astronomy at the National Planetarium. You were requested to talk about
the stories of constellations found in different Philippine ancient tribes and how were they
used in the past. You are expected to show models of these constellations in their local
names and western equivalents. The models made from indigenous materials will be
rated based on the following criteria: Details and information, creativity, accuracy,
neatness and presentation.
GOAL: make models
ROLES: astronomer
AUDIENCE: science students
STANDARDS: Details and information, Creativity, Neatness, Presentation
PRODUCT CHOICES: models
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Criteria Excellent Proficient Adequate Limited
4 3 2 1
Has included at Has included at Has included at Has included
least 4 things to least 3 things to least 2 things to only 1 thing to
Details and about the story, about the story, about the story, remember
Information use and use and use and before, during,
importance of importance of importance of and after a
the constellation the constellation the constellation volcanic eruption
Presentation is Presentation is Presentation is Presentation is

Presentation easy to unique and not unique but not unique and
understand, organized. organized. not organized.
unique, and
exemplary.
Well-prepared Well-prepared Variety of Limited
Creativity with a variety of but resources resources used
resources used limited used to create a
to create an resources used to create an material which
interesting to create an adequate model minimally
model about the interesting about the appeals to or is
chosen model about the chosen not suitable
constellation chosen constellation about the
constellation chosen
constellation
Extremely neat Information Information Information
and meticulously contains minor contains errors contains many
constructed; errors, none of which somewhat errors which limit
Neatness project appears which interfere interferes with the clarity of
to have taken a with clarity of clarity of communication
lot of time and communication communication
effort.
Self-Assessment: Upon completion of the Performance Tasks, students are asked to

reflect upon their performance by answering the following questions:
1. Did I understand the task assigned to me?

2. Was the task easy, challenging or difficult? Why?
3. What topic do I need more help and understanding?
Value Integration: Astronomers today still use constellations to name stars and meteor
showers. There are a few different definitions of constellations, but many people think of
constellations as a group of stars. Often, it's a group of stars that looks like a particular
shape in the sky and has been given a name.
If you are a constellation, which one will you identify yourself with? Why?
CALENDAR OF ACTIVITIES
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WEEK 1
MON TUE WED THU FRI
EXPLORE ACQUISITION ASSESSMENT DAY MAKE MEANING MAKE MEANING
Activity 1 Scaffold for Transfer 1 MAKE MEANING Activity 7: Prominent Activity 9: The Story of
Pre-Assessment Constellations My Own Constellation
MAKE MEANING
ACQUISITION Activity 5: Philippine Activity 8: Zodiac
Activity 4: Where Do I Constellations Constellations
Activity 2: Belong
Constellations in the Activity 6: Patterns
Night Sky (Homework) Throughout the Year
Activity 3: Word Hunt
WEEK 2
MON TUE WED THU FRI
MAKE MEANING MAKE MEANING TRANSFER TRANSFER Submission of

Performance Task Performance Task Performance Task
Scaffold for Transfer 2 Scaffold for Transfer 3
CER Table ASSESSMENT DAY

CER Texts 1, 2 & 3
SELF ASSESSMENT
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1

Subject : SCIENCE Grade Level: 9

UNIT LEARNING PLAN

In Module 1, we continue to make use of our observations in the environment.

In Module 3, we will take up constellations. In grade 5, the students were

LEARNING COMPETENCIES/OBJECTIVES FOR THE UNIT

At the end of the lessons, learners should be able to:

Consider this question: Why do we need to study stars and constellations?

2. How would you describe the stars of a constellation?

3. Why do we see different constellations?

4. Which is NOT constellation?

5. Stars appear to move in the sky because _____________.

7. Which constellation is prominently seen in the sky during summer?

8. Why do stars have colors?

9. What constellation has the Little Dipper as part of its pattern?

10. The constellation Orion is named because it resembles a ____?

LC 1. Define what is a CONSTELLATIONS

The stars appear to

Astronomers divided the constellations into three regions:

The position of the

During the Southern

The constellations also appear

Activity 2: Constellations in the Night

3. Aries. Taken from the Latin word

4. Canis Major. It is from

6. Cygnus. It is known as the

7. Gemini. Taken from the Latin for

15. Ursa Minor. The constellation Ursa

2. Watch the History video The Universe: The Constellations

LEARNING COMPETENCY DEEPEN (MAKE MEANING)

LC 3: Explain why OBSERVABLE CONSTELLATIONS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR

10. 11. 12.

Figure 1a. March Night Sky (9 p.m.)

Figure 1b. June Night Sky (9 p.m.)

Figure 1c. September Night Sky (9 p.m.)

Figure 1d. December Night Sky (9 p.m.)

Activity 6. Prominent Constellations!

Materials: Pencil, Markers, Activity Sheet

Canis Major Bootes Cetus Cygnus Cancer

How Early People Used the Constellations

Local Name Month of Related Western Equivalent

Activity 7: Philippine Constellations

Uses of Constellations to People Today

According to astronomers, there are several ways by which constellations can be

1. To Track Artificial Satellites. In the 20th century, a committee of the International

2. To Indicate General Direction. Constellations are used to indicate the general

Constellations of the Western Zodiac Used in Astrology

In addition to their cultural significance, constellations have also been important

One constellation tradition is the western zodiac, which is made up of 12 constellations:

As Earth rotates, the sun, moon and planets

Astrologers use 12 of these constellations to

Today, the astrological signs differ from these

Activity 8: Zodiac Constellations”

Sagittarius – Archer Aquarius – Water bearer Capricornus – Sea Goat

Activity 9: The Story of My Own Constellation

15 Famous Constellations You Can See in The Night Sky | Animation

GUIDED GENERALIZATION TABLE

Essential Question Text 1 Text 2 Text 3

Star Myths: The Stories of the Constellations

How to Navigate Using the Stars

SCAFFOLD FOR TRANSFER 3: Watch a video on the constellations in the Philippines.

The Philippine Celestial Sphere & Constellations

LEARNING COMPETENCY TRANSFER

GOAL: make models