CESAREAN SECTION

A C-section, also called a cesarean section or cesarean delivery. Is a surgical procedure in

which a baby is delivered through incisions in your abdomen and uterus. They're performed
when a vaginal delivery is not possible or safe, or when the health of you or your baby is at risk.

TYPES OF CESAREAN SECTION

A LOWER SEGMENT INCISION
- Will be used wherever possible. This is a horizontal (across) cut through the abdomen
(stomach) and a horizontal cut through the lower part of the uterus, sometimes known
as a ‘bikini line’ incision. These cuts heal better, are less visible and are less likely to
cause problems in future pregnancies.
A CLASSICAL INCISION
- Refers to a vertical cut on the uterus. The cut on the abdomen may be horizontal or
vertical. This type of incision is usually only used for extreme emergencies or in specific
situations, such as if the placenta is lying very low, if your baby is lying sideways or if
your baby is very small. It can increase the chance of having problems in later
pregnancies and births.

PROCEDURES

INFORMED CEASAREAN
CONSENT/SIGN SECTION
INITIAL INCISION FOLLOW-UP
WAIVER PREPARATION
INCISIONS
AND
ANESTHESIA

DELIVERY’S OF SUNCTIONING
DELIVERY OF
BABY’S OF AMNIOTIC
BABY IS BORN BABY’S HEAD
SHOULDERS AND FLUID
BODY

INSTRUMENTS

DELIVERY OF CLOSING THE

RECOVERY
PLACENTA INCISION
 1. Backhaus towel clamps
2. Outlet Forceps
3. Artery Forceps
4. Green Armytage Forceps
5. Allies Tissue Forceps
6. Littlewood Tissue Forceps
7. Scalpel Handles 4
8. Needle Holders
9. Doyen Retractors
10. Langenbeck Retractors
11. Morris Retractors
12. Mayo Scissors
13. Spencer Ligature Scissors

PREOPERATIVE PHASE

 Placement of an intravenous (IV) line

 Infusion of IV fluids (eg, lactated Ringer solution or saline with 5% dextrose)
 Placement of a Foley catheter (to drain the bladder and to monitor urine output)
 Placement of an external fetal monitor and monitors for the patient’s blood pressure,
pulse, and oxygen saturation
 Evaluation by the surgeon and the anesthesiologist.

INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE

 While anesthesia is being administered, a surgical nurse will assist the woman first to
move from the transport stretcher to the operating table.
 The anesthesia of choice is usually a regional block.
 Encourage the woman to remain on her side or insert a pillow under her right hip to
keep her body slightly tilted to the side to prevent supine hypotension.
 In emergency cases, a spinal anesthesia is administered while the woman is sitting up.
 It would be difficult for a woman in labor to remain in a curved position during
administration of the anesthetic, so talk to her gently and let her lean on you while you
gently restrain her.
 Epidural anesthesia is administered while the woman is lying on her side, and it has an
effect that lasts for 24 hours, so continuous pulse oximetry must be used 24 hours post
surgery to detect respiratory depression.

POSTOPERATIVE PHASE
  Routine postoperative assessment.
 Monitoring of vital signs, urine output, and amount of vaginal bleeding.
 Palpation of the fundus.
 IV fluids; advance to oral diet as appropriate, early feeding has been shown to shorten hospital
stay [16]
 IV or intramuscular (IM) analgesia if patient did not receive a long-acting analgesic or had
general anesthesia; analgesia is usually not needed if patient received regional anesthesia,
with/without a long-acting analgesic.
 Ambulation on postoperative day 1; advance as tolerated.
 If patient plans to breastfeed, initiate within a few hours after delivery; if patient plans to bottle
feed, she may use a tight bra or breast binder in the postoperative period.
 Discharge on postoperative day 2 to 4, if no complications.
 Discuss contraception as well as refraining from intercourse for 4-6 weeks postpartum.

RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS

 Infection
 Surgical injury to your bladder or intestines
 Amniotic fluid embolism (amniotic fluid or fetal material enters the maternal
bloodstream)
 Inflammation of the uterus
 Bleeding
 Risks to future pregnancies
REFERENCES:

Cesarean Delivery: Overview, Preparation, Technique.

(2022). EMedicine.https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/263424-

overview#:~:text=Preoperative%20management

Cesarean Delivery: Overview, Preparation, Technique. (2022). EMedicine.

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/263424overview#:~:text=Preoperative

%20management

https://www.facebook.com/WebMD. (2016, December). What Are the Risks of a C-

Section? WebMD; WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/baby/risks-of-a-c-section

Elise, R. (2005, April 28). Cesarean Section Step by Step Procedure. Verywell Family; Verywell

Family. https://www.verywellfamily.com/cesarean-section-photos-step-by-step-

2758512

Services, D. of H. & H. (n.d.). Caesarean section. Www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au.

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/caesarean-section