DESIGN OF IRRIGATION

WORK

LECTURE (2)
Planning of Irrigation and Drainage
Networks
DR. Engy Khalil

ACADEMIC YEAR SPRING 2023– 2024

Course Code: CVE 344 1
LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
CALSSIFICATION OF CANALS AND
DRAINS
I. Classifying Canals based on the Area
Served Can Be Presented as

Major Main
Rayahs
Canals Canals

Branch Distributar Field

Canals ies canals
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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
CALSSIFICATION OF CANALS AND
DRAINS
I. Classifying Drains based on the Area
Served Can Be Presented as

Field Minor Branch

ditches Drains Drains

Main Major District

Drains Drains Drains
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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
CALSSIFICATION OF CANALS AND
DRAINS
Layout of Canals System
Main Canal
Branch

Branch
Canals

Canals
Canals

Canals
Canal

Canal
Field

Field
Field

Field
Distributary Distributary

Distributary Distributary
Canals
Canals

Canals
Canals
Field

Field

Field

Field

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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
CALSSIFICATION OF CANALS AND
DRAINS
Layout of Canals and Drains System
Main Canal

Minor Drain
Ditches

Ditches
Branch
Drain

Field

Field

Branch
Drain

Main Drain 5
LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
LONGITUDINAL SLOPE OF CANALS
AND DRAINS
Water Water
Area Served Grade of Grade of
Slope Slope
(Feddan) Canal Drain
(cm/km) (cm/km)
More Than District Drain
Rayahs 3-5 5-7
200,000 (Collector)
100,000-200,000 Major Canal 5-7 Major Drain 7-9
10,000-100,000 Main Canal 7-9 Main Drain 9-12
1,000-10,000 Branch Canal 9-12 Branch Drain 12-16
100-1,000 Distributary 12-16 Minor Drain 16-24
Less than 100 Field Canal 16-24 Field Ditches 40-100
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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks

Layout of large scale irrigation water distribution

system in Egypt. 7
LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
PLANNING OF IRRIGATION AND
DRAIANGE NETWORKS
In general, each canal has to cover all the area
served required to be irrigated with shortest
possible length.
The irrigation canals are preferred to be planned
at the high locations such that the water is over
the area served.
That is in order to enable water to reach the
cultivated land by gravity.
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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
PLANNING OF IRRIGATION AND
DRAIANGE NETWORKS
Also, each drain has to cover all the area served
required to be drained with shortest possible
length.
The drains are preferred to be planned at the
low locations to enable excess the disposable of
water from the cultivated land by gravity.

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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
PLANNING OF IRRIGATION AND
DRAIANGE NETWORKS
Planning of irrigation and drainage networks
depends on the topography of the ground surface.

This topography is illustrated by the contour

maps.

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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
PLANNING OF IRRIGATION AND
DRAIANGE NETWORKS
Corrugated Topography

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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
PLANNING OF IRRIGATION AND
DRAIANGE NETWORKS
Corrugated Topography
Main Canal

Main Drain 12
LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
PLANNING OF IRRIGATION AND
DRAIANGE NETWORKS
Sloping Topography
Flat, and Mild Sloping Lands with slope < 20 cm/km

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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
PLANNING OF IRRIGATION AND
DRAIANGE NETWORKS
Sloping Topography
Steep Sloping Lands with slope > 20 cm/km

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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
PLANNING OF IRRIGATION AND
DRAIANGE NETWORKS
Sloping Topography
With Water Source Parallel to The Contour Lines

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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
EXAMPLE
Major Canal

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Scale 1:100,000
LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
EXAMPLE
Required;

1. Plan Irrigation and Drainage Network.

2. Show all the required structures for the network.

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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
SOLUTION
1. Land Area must be estimated.
2. Map Scale 1 cm : 1Km.
3. Length measured from map = 16.5 cm = 16.5 km in
nature.
4. Width measured from map = 1o.5 cm = 10.5 km in
nature.
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ∗𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ∗106 16.5∗10.5∗106
5. 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐹𝑒𝑑𝑑𝑎𝑛 = = =41.25
fed.
4200 4200
6. Estimate the number of canals and drains based on the
area served for each grade.

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LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
SOLUTION
T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E. T.E. T.E.
Ganabia(1)

B.C (3)
B.D (3)
B.C (2)
B.D (1)

B.D (2)
B.C (1)

Major Drain
Major Canal

H.R.
H.R. H.R H.R.
.H.R.
H.R. Main Canal H.R. T.E.
Ganabia(2)

B.D (6)

B.C (6)

B.D (5)

B.C (5)

B.C (4)
B.D (4)
Main Drain
T.E. T.E. T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E.

Scale 1:100,000 19
LECTURE (2): Planning of Irrigation and
Drainage Networks
SOLUTION
T.E.
Ganabia(1) T.E.T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E. T.E. T.E.

B.C (3)
B.D (3)
B.C (2)
B.D (1)

B.D (2)
B.C (1)

Major Drain
Major Canal

H.R.
H.R. H.R H.R.
H.R. M.D .H.R. Main Canal H.R. T.E.
Dist.
Ganabia(2)

M.D
Dist.
B.D (6)

B.C (6)

B.D (5)

B.C (5)

B.C (4)
B.D (4)
M.D
Dist.
M.D
Dist.
M.D
Dist. Main Drain
T.E. T.E. T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E.T.E. T.E.

Scale 1:100,000 20
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