CIVIL DRAWINGS

LECTURE (1)
Introduction

DR. Engy Khalil

ACADEMIC YEAR FALL 2022– 2023

Course Code: CVE 131 1
LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.1 Drawing
A drawing is a graphic representation of an
object, or a part of it. It is the result of
creative thought by an engineer or technician.
When one person sketches a rough map in giving
direction to another, this is graphic
communication. A Drawing is any medium that uses
a graphic image to aid in conveying a message,
instructions, or an idea.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2 Civil Engineering Drawing

An engineering drawing is a means of clearly
communicating all of the information necessary to
transform an idea or a concept in to reality.
Therefore, an engineering drawing often contains
more than just a graphic representation of its
subject. It also contains dimensions, notes and
specifications.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2 Civil Engineering Drawing

Construction drawing is a means of showing in a
graphical form the shape, size and position of a
building on a site.
The construction drawing, along with the
composition of the materials used and the way the
building is to be constructed are the aids used to
accomplish the construction.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2 Civil Engineering Drawing

The information on construction drawings has to
be presented in a precise way so that it can be
understood by anyone with a knowledge of
construction process.
The term ‘construction drawing’ includes not only
drawings produced by architects, which generally
make up the majority of the drawings for a
building project, but also structural “civil”
drawings which are the province of structural
engineers. 5
LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2 Civil Engineering Drawing

Types of construction drawings used in the
construction process:

Construction
Drawings

Structural Electrical or
Architectural Sanitary
“Civil” Mechanical
Drawings Drawings
Drawings Drawings

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2.1 Architectural Drawings

Architectural drawing can be termed as the
mother drawing for all the other drawings used
for construction. It contains all the details of the
project such as location / site plan, setting-out
plan, elevations, sections and other details.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2.1 Architectural Drawings

Architectural drawings ; Plans, Sections,

Facades, Finishing details 8
LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2.1 Architectural Drawings

Floor Finishing details

Architectural Plans
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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2.2 Structural “Civil” Drawings

Structural drawings can be termed as the
backbone drawing of the building. It consists all
the information about the structural process and
details required to construct a building. It
contains many type of drawing with details and
description. The Structural drawings contain
important general notes, These notes are more of
a codes and by laws of the buildings.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2.2 Structural “Civil” Drawings

No drawing is found in these notes, but the
details of all the structural drawings are
mentioned in this such as concrete mix, lapping
length, curing time, abbreviation, codes and other
work procedures.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2.2 Structural “Civil” Drawings

Beams Reinforcement Details

Section Elevations, and Sections
Footing Reinforcement Details
Plan, and Section 12
LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2.2 Structural “Civil” Drawings

Beams Reinforcement Details

Section Elevations, and Sections
Column Reinforcement Details
Plan, Section 13
LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2.3 Electrical or Mechanical Drawings

Not all the kinds of buildings have mechanical
drawings, however all buildings have electrical
drawings. This depends on the purpose of
constructing any building.
An electrical drawing, also known as a wiring
diagram, is a type of technical drawing that
provides visual representation and information
relating to an electrical system or circuit.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2.3 Electrical or Mechanical Drawings

They are used to convey the engineering design to
the electricians or other workers who will use
them to help install the electrical system.

Electrical Drawing

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2.4 Sanitary Drawings

Sanitary drawings give the location of plumbing ,
piping for water supply system, drainage system
fixture, and the process to connect every fixture
in the building, also connecting these systems to
the main system of the area.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.2.4 Sanitary Drawings

Sanitary Drawings

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.3 Drawings Sheets Sizes

Drawing paper sheets are Sheet Size
Width
(mm)
Length
(mm)
the most common method A0 841 1189
to represent drawings. A1 594 841
There are various sizes of A2 420 594

paper sheets according to A3 297 420

Metric units (SI). The A4 210 297

A5 148 210
sizes are tabulated in the
A6 105 148
next table. A7 74 105

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.3 Drawings Sheets Sizes

Different Sizes of Drawing Papers

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.4 Drawings Instruments

There are various tools used in drawing, part of
these tools are mentioned below;
1.4.1 Compasses
The compasses are used for all sizes of circles.

Set of Large spring Pump bow Beam

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compasses bow compasses compasses compasses
LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.4 Drawings Instruments

1.4.2 Drawing Pencils
It is the tool used to draw
the lines, and curves. There
are various pencils with
various line thicknesses used
in the drawing process.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.4 Drawings Instruments

1.4.3 Tee Squares
You can use a tee-square to draw horizontal lines;
press the stock of the tee square against the
left hand edge of the board and allow it to slide
up and down until the blade is in the required
position. The pencil should be held against the
ruling edge of the tee-square blade.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.4 Drawings Instruments

1.4.3 Tee Squares
A set Square is a set combined of
triangles with tee square in order
to draw vertical and sloping lines.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.4 Drawings Instruments

1.4.4 Triangles
A tool to draw inclined
and vertical lines, there
are two types of
triangles 30-60 and 45
degrees. As shown in the
figure presented.

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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.4 Drawings Instruments

1.4.5 French Curves
An instrument used to draw
irregular curves, it comes in
different shapes and sizes.
1.4.6 Eraser
A tool used to erase lines
which require modification. It
exists in various shapes and
sizes.
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LECTURE (1): Introduction

1.4 Drawings Instruments

1.4.7 Drawing Board
A table used to stable the
drawing sheets in order to
execute the drawing process. It
has different commonly used
sizes such as;
220.90 mm * 304.8 mm
431.80 mm * 558.60 mm
508.00 mm * 609.60 mm
1219.20 mm * 1828.80 mm
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