ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ

វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា

ិ

CMBUkTI 8 PñMePøIg
{kñúgeBlmYyrMeBcénRBwt‫‏‬þikarN_ mansemøgd¾KYr[rn§t;mYy
ekIteLIg mñak;²)anERskfa{ CYypg²²¡¡ ´kMBgu EteqH¡
´kMBugEtCitsøab;ehIy¡¡ ®)aMnaTIeRkaymkKµannrNamñak;
yMeToteTelIkElgEt´ }
elakGrhÁWssIpu arIsnAEx]sPa qñaM1902

TaMgenHBitCa)anekIteLIgEmn ¡
elakGrhÁsW sIuparIs KWCabursmñak;EdlRtUv)an
eKkat;eTas. Kat;RtUv)aneKkat;eTasRbharCIvitBIbT
smøab;mnusSenATIRkugsaMgEBürenAma:TInic ekaHPñeM PøgI tUc
mYyenAÉsmuRTkarIb‘Ín. enAeBlRBwkéf¶TI08 Ex]sPa
qña1M 902 elaksIpu arIs)anGgÁyú rg;caMedIm,ITTYlTanGa
hareBlRBwkenAkñgú mnÞXI MuXaMg. enAeBlEdlKat;)anrg;
caMenaHeRKaHmhn‫‏‬þray)anbMpøajTIRkugEdlCaeRKaHmhnþraymYyEdl)ansmøab;mnusSGs;rab;Ban;nak;.
enARBwkenaHekaHPñMePøIgmYykñúgcMNamekaHPñeM PøgI CaeRcInKWPeñM b:el)anpÞúHeLIgCabn‫‏‏‬þbnÞab;Kña. karpÞúH)an
bBa¢nÚ mknUvBBkd¾xøaMgkøanUvkemÞckmÞIsilaPñMePøIgEdleFVI[ExSTwk)aneLIgkemþAx<s; nig]sµ½nBul)ancUleTAkñúg
TIRkug. mñak;²enAkñúgTIRkugsaMgEBürmancMnYnCit 30>000nak;)ansøab;elIkElgEtelakGrhÁWs.
elakGrhÁsW )anrYcCIvitBIkarsøab;edaysarbnÞúHPñeM PøgI enAstvtSenaH. KukggwtenAeRkamdIrbs;elak
GrhÁWsCarnaMg)aMgKat;[eKcputBIkemÞckmÞIePøIgeqHd¾xøaMgkøa. elakGrhÁsW )anERskmkxageRkA edIm,Is[Mu eK
CYyGs;ry³eBl4éf¶muneBlGñkCYyse®gÁaH)anrkeXIjKat;. Kat;)anGs;kmøaMg nig)anrlakya:gF¶nF; ¶r

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 276 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

b:uEn‫‏‬þenAmanCIvit.
bnÞab;BIrYcputBIkarsøab; elakGrhÁWs)aneTAcUlrYmenAkñgú RkumsEmþgesokrbs;Rkum)aNaM nigéblI
(Barnum&Bailey). enAeBlEdlelakLadCWsIl)arIs)andwgfa elakGrhÁs W KWCaGñkeTasmñak;enAsaMgEBür
Kat;k¾)anCYlelak GrhÁWsedIm,I[R)ab;BeI rOgepSg² nigbgðajBIkarrlakrbs;Kat;enAkñúgKukggwteRkamdI
Edl)anCYyseRgÁaHCIvit rbs;Kat; .
etIGñkKitya:gdUcemþ‫‏‬c ?
enAkñgú esovePAkMNt;RtaviTüasaRs‫‏‬þrbs;Gñk BüayameqøIynUvsMNYrenAxageRkamenHedayBwgEp¥keTA
elIcMeNHdwgGVIEdlGñk)andwgrYcehIy ÷
1> etIGEVI dlbN‫‏‬þ‫‏‬al[manbnÞHú PñMePøgI ?
2> etIGCVI akMEGPñMePøIg? ehIyvaekIteLIgya:gdUem‫‏‬þ‫‏‬c ?
cUrGegát!
karRbemIlemIl
mnusSrab;Ban;nak;GacRtUv)anrYcCIvit RbsinebImnusSenAsaMgEBürGacBüakrN_)ankarbnÞHú PñMePøIgenAPñM
eb:elenAkñgú qña1M 902. b:uEn‫‏‬þCasMNagGaRkk; bnÞHú PñMePøgI mankarlM)akxøagM Nas;kñúgkarBüakrN_ cUrsegát
edayxønÜ ÉgedaykarbegáItPñeM PøIgpÞal;xønÜ ehIyBüayamTsSn_TaykarpÞHú rbs;va.
dMeNIrkar
1> EhkRkdasRkdasGnam½ymYysnøwk ehIydak;emS:AsUdacMnnY 10m>l> ¬BIrsøabRBaEt¦enAcMkN‫‏‬þalRkdas
Gnam½y. bt;RCugRkdasRKb;RCug ehIysgát;EKmvarhUtdl;vaenAnwgkEnøg. dak;kB©ab;em:SAsUdaenAkNþal
canFMsMEb:tmYy.
2> dak;KMrdU I\dæxøHenACMuvji mat;EKmCILav. páab;CILavBIelIkB©ab;emS:AsUdaenA)atcansMEb:t. dI\d§sRmab;P¢it
min[RCabTwkrvag)atxageRkamCILavCamYynwgcansMEb:t. sgát;cuHeRkam[ENnedIm,IP¢it.
3> bEnßmTwkexµH50m>l> ¬mYyPaKbYnénEBg¦ bn‫‏‬þk;l½kçN_BN’Rkhm2dMNk; nigTwksab‘lU agcan3 b¤4 dM
Nk;eTAkñúgEkvRkit200m>l> ehIykUrva.
4> cak;sarFaturavya:gRbugRby½tñeTAkñúgbMBg;CILavEdlpáab;eLIgelI.
enAkñgú esovePAkMNt;RtaviTüasaRsþ‫‏‬rbs;Gñk cUrkt;Rtary³eBlEdlGñkcab;ep‫‏‬I‫‏‬þmbnþk;.

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 277 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

5> \LÚvenH cUrBüakrN_emIletIry³eBlb:unµanEdlmuneBlPñMePøIgrbs;GñkpÞúH. cUrsresrkarBüakrN_cUleTA

kñúgesovePAkMNt;RtaviTüasaRs‫‏‬þrbs;Gñk .
6> enAcugbB©ab; etIPñeM PøgI pÞHú enAeBlNa. kt;Rtary³eBlenHm‫‏‏‬þgeTot. etIva)anRtUvkarry³eBlb:unµanedIm,I[
PñeM PøIgpÞúH? etIvamankarRbhak;RbEhl nwgkarBüakrN_rbs;Gñk)anRtwmRtUvkRmitNa?
viPaK
7> etIkgñú viFmI YyNaEdlKMrUPñMePøIgrbs;GñkRsedogeTAnwgPñMePøgI BitR)akdNamYy? etIvaxusKñaenAkñúgviFIEbbNa?
8> eyageTAelIkarBüakrN_enAkñgú fñak;eronTaMgmUl etIGñkGaceFIVkarsnñidæanGMBIkarBüakrN_énbnÞúHPñeM PøgI )an
RtwmRtUvEdrb¤eT?

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 278 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

emeronTI1 bnÞúHPñMePøIg
BaküKnøwH
- PñeM PøgI (volcano) - kMEGPñMePøIg (lava)
- bMENksilaPñMePøIg (pyroclastic material)
GVIEdlGñknwgsikSa
- dwgBIPaBxusEbøkKñarvagbnÞúHPñMePøIgs¶b; nigbnÞúHPñMePøgI xøagM .
- Bnül;BIsmasPaBpSMénma:k;ma:kMNt;nUvRbePTénbnÞúHPñMePøIgEdlekIteLIg.
- cMNat;RbePTsMxan;²énkMEGPñMePøIg nigkemÞckmÞsI ilaPñeM PøIg.

cUrKitBIkmøaMgpÞúHEdlekIteLIgedayRKab;EbkGatUmmicdMbUg Edl)aneRbIkñúgsRgÁamelakelIkTII2.
\LÚvenH cUrRsém:famanbnÞHú mYy EdlxøaMgCagkarpÞHú RKab;EbkGatUmicdMbUgkñúgsRgÁamelakelIkTI2dl;eTA
10>000dg ehIyGñkTTYlKMnitBIrebobénfamBlbnÞHú PñMePøIgEdlekIteLIg. dUcGñkGacdwgfabnÞHú PñMePøIgpÞúH
eLIgeTACaPñeM PøgI CaeRcIn. PñMePøIg KWCaPñmM YyEdlekIteLIgenAeBlEdlsilarlay }ma:km; a: : EdlRtUv)anruj
mkkan;épÞEpndI.
CaerOgl¥mYy manPñeM PøgI BIrbIb:eu NÑaHEdlmanbnÞHú PñMePøIgpÞHú xøaMg (Explosive Eruption) dUcCaPñeM PøgI
eb:el. karpÞHú PaKeRcInbMputCaRbePTbnÞúHPñeM PøgI s¶b; (Nonexplosive Eruption). GñkGaceRbobeFobRbePT
énbnÞHú TaMgBIrRbePTenHedaysmwgø eTAemIlrUbPaBenATMB½renH nigTMB½rbnÞab;.
1>bnÞúHPñMePøIgs¶b;
enAeBlEdlmnusSnwkdl;bnÞHú PñMePøIgBYkeKEtgEtRsém:eTAdl;karTenøkMEGPñ<eM PøgI ek‫‏‏‬þABN’RkhmEdl
eKehAfa lMhUrkMEGPñMePøIg. lMhUrkMEGPñMePøgI ecjmkBIbnÞúHPñMePøIgs¶b;. kMEGPñMePøIg KWCama:k;ma:EdlhUreLIg
elIépÞEpndI. karhUrecjmkeRkAedays¶b;s¶at;énkMEGPñMePøIg dUcCaPñMePøIgEdlbgðajenAkñgú rUbxageRkamGac
beBa©jbrimaNd¾eRcInénsilarlay. PñMFM²mYycMnYnenAelIEpndI)anekIteLIgBIlMhUrkMEGPñMePøgI EdlKrelIKña
CaeRcIndgGs;ry³eBlrab;ryBan;qña.M

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 279 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

bnúHÞ PñMePøgI s¶b;enH TenøkMEGPñMePøgI enAEtbnþhUr\tQb;Qr

ya:gs¶bs; ¶at;BmI at;PñMePøIgKILÚGuI enAekaHhaév:.

enAeBlxøHbnÞHú PñMePøGI acRBYskMEGPñMePøIgeTA

kñgú Gakas . bMBg;kMEGPñeM PøgI dUcCarUb mYy
enHkMrQandl;kMBs;200 eTA300Nas;.
kMEGPñeM PøIgGachUr)aneRcInKILÚEm:RtmuneBlvacuHRtCak;
ehIyb¤g. dUcGñk)aneXIjenAkñgú rUbPaBenH kMEGPñeM PøIg
hUrya:gxøaMgehIyKMramkMEhgeTAelIRTBüsm,tþCi agCIvit .

2>bnÞúHPñMePøIgxøaMg
cUrRkemIlrUbTI1. enAkñúgbnÞúHPñMePøIgxøaMgBMnUkénkemÞc
kmÞI nig]sµ½nek‫‏‏‬þA)an)aj;ecjBI;PñMePøIgkñúgel,ÓnelOnCagsemøg
eTAeTot. eRkABIbegáIt[manlMhUrkMEGPñMePøIg silarlay)an
)acsacrab;lanbMENktUc²EdlrwgenAkñúgbriyakas. PaKl¥itEdlmanTMhMbn:u FUlIehaHvilcuHeLIg²GacB½T§
enACMuvji briyakasEpndIeRcInqñaMenAbriyakasCan;x<s; cMENkÉkemÞcbMENkFM²Føak;enACitPñMePøIg.
bEnßmBIkar)aj;silarlaycUleTAkñúgGakas bnÞHú PñeM PøIgxøaMgGacpÞúHbMEbksilab¤grab;lanetanBIPMñ
ePøgI mYy. EtenAkñúgry³eBlb:nu µannaTIEtb:ueNÑaH bnÞHú PñMePøIgxøaMgGacbMpøajkMNkMeNItsilaEdleRbIeBlGs;
rab;Ban;qñakM gñú karkekIt. dUcbgðajenAkñgú rUbTI2 PñeM PøIgmYyGacbRgYjTMhMCagkarekIteLIgBIkarbnÞúHEdl
ekIteLIgdEdl² .

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 280 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

rUbTI1 vaRsedogeTAnwgkarpÞúHnuyekøEG‘r. PñMePøgI rUbTI2 enAva:sgIu etan kñúgqñaM<1980 ry³eBl Et 2-3naTIEt

beBa©jeTAnUvEpSgr:UEkteq<aHeTAelIemXenAkñgú b:ueNÑaH bnÞúHrbs;PMeñ hLin)an)aj;ya;gq¶ayeBjsgxagPñM)an
kMLúgeBlkarpÞúH rbs;PñM Redoubt enAkñúgrdæ kemÞc nigeFVI[eqHéRBGs; 600 KILÚEm:kaer: .
GaLassáa.
3>BMnuHkat;PñMePøIg
minfaBYkvaekItbnÞHú PñMePøIgxøaMg b¤bnÞúHPñMePøIgs¶b;
eTRKb;PMeñ PøgI TaMgGs;manlkçN³mUldæandUcKña. rUbTI3
bMBg;
bgðajBIlkçN³mYycMnYnEdlGñkRbEhlCaeXIjRbsin kMEG
ebIGñkemIlcUleTAkñúg PñMePøIgEdlkMBugpÞúHmYy. enAkñúg
CeRmAdIkmøaMgedalEdlbegáIt[manPñMePøIgKWCarUFaturav
ek‫‏‏‬þAEdleKsÁal;faCama:k;ma:. ma:km; a:eLIgmkelItamry³
rn§enAkñúgsMbkEpndIehAfa bMBg; (Vent). bMBg;GacbBa¢Ún bnÞb;m:ak;ma:
ma:k;ma:eLIgelI RKb;kEnøgeq<aHmkelIkan; épÞEpndIkgñú kMLúg
eBlkMBugpÞúH . rUbTI3 PñMePøIgbegáItbMBg;enACMvu ijCaeRcIn
EdlbeBa©jma:k;ma:mkkan;épÞEpndI.
4>ma:k;ma:
edaykareRbobeFobsmasPaBénma:k;ma:BIRbePTxusKñaénkarpÞHú GñkviTüasaRs‫‏‬þ)anEsVgrkeXIjnUv
smasPaBrbs;ma:k;ma:kMNt;faetIbnÞúHPñeM PøgI mYyCabnÞHú PñeM PøIgxøaMg b¤bnÞHú PñMePøIgs¶b; b¤kC¾ aRbePTmYyenAcenøaH
RbePTTaMgBIr.

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 281 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

4>1>Twk BiesaFn_xøI
PñeM PøIgGacpÞúH)anRbsinebIma:km; a:manpÞúkTwkeRcIn. BBuH BBuH¡
Twkman\T§iBleTAelIma:k;ma:KWRsedogKñaeTAnwg\T§Bi l]sµ½n edayeRbIvtßúFmµtaBIr-bIya:g GñkGacrkeXIj
kabUnicmanenAkñúgsUdakMb:gu mYy. enAeBlEdlGñkRkLúgkMb:ug BIrebobénkarhUrecjrhUtrbs;rbU Faturav
]s½nµ kabUnicEdlrlayenAkñúgkMb:ugsUdaRtUvPayecj ehIy Edlman\T§iBleTAelIkarhUrrbs;]sµ½nya:g
edaysarEt]sµ½nRtUvkarépÞlMhFMCagvtßúravbrimaNd¾sem,Im elOn.
eFVI[sm<aFekIteLIg. enAkñúgxN³EdlGñkebIkkMb:ugsUdak¾ 1> cUrcak;TwkeTAkñgú EBg[)anBak;kNþal
RBYsecjmkxageRkA )atuPUtenHekIteLIgdUcCabnÞúHPñeM PøgI xøagM . ehIycak;TwkXµMúclU eTAkñgú EBgmYyeTot[)an
Bak;kNþal.
4>2>sIulIka 2> eRbIbBM g;btW pøMúTkw ehIysegátemIlBBuH.
bnÞHú PñMePøgI xøaMgk¾bN‫‏‬þalmkBIma:k;ma:EdlmanPaKry 3> ykbMBg;btW mYyeTotmkpøMúTkw Xµ.Mú etIman
sIulIkaeRcInpgEdr. ma:k;ma:EdlsMbUrsIulIkamankMhab;x<s; GVIekIteLIg ?
ehIyrwgvahUryWt²ehIygaynwgkkb¤gxøaMgNas;enAkñúgbMBg; 4> etITwkXµM)ú anbgðajlkçN³xusKñadUcemþcGM
PñeM PøIg. lMhUrEbbenHvaeFVI[sÞHbMBg;EdlvaeFV[I sm<aFekIn BITwk.
eLIgenAxN³eBlEdlma:k;ma:ruledalBIxageRkam. RbsinebI 5> etIGñkKitfaPaBxusKñaenHmanTMnak;TMng
dUcemþcCamYybnÞúHPñMePøgI ?
sm<aFekIneLIgxøagM RKb;RKan; enaHvaeFV[I manbnÞúHPñeM PøgI xøagM . GñkGaceFVIBiesaFn_enHenApÞH¡
ma:k;ma:EdlmankMhab;x<s;k¾karBarmin[cMhayTwk nig]sµn½
epSgeTotkMu [PayecjgayRsYlpgEdr. ma:k;ma:EdlmanPaKrysIulIkaTabmankMhab;raveFVI[manlMhUrCa
RbcaM. ]sµ½nPayecjBIma:k;ma:RbePTenH)anya:ggayEdlminGacbegánI sm<aF[Qandl;karpÞHú )aneT.

5>rUbFatuEdlpÞúHecjBIPñMePIøg
GaRs½yeTAelIrebobénkarpÞHú rbs;PñMePIøgxøaMgmYy ma:k;ma:púHÞ ecjCa kMEGPñMePøIg b¤ bMENksilaPñM
ePøIg. bMENksilaPñMePøIg manbMENksilaEdlekIteLIgBIbnÞúHPñeM PøgI xøagM . bnÞHú PñMePøIgs¶b;begáIt[mankMEG
esÞrI EtTaMgRsugbnÞHú PñMePøIgxøagM begáIt[manbMENksilaPñMePøIgesÞrI EtTaMgRsug. CaeRcInqñaMPñMePøIgGacpÞHú qøas;Kña
rvagbnÞHú kMEGPñMePøIg nigbnÞHú bMENksilaPñeM PøgI . bnÞHú kMEGPñMePøIg nigbMENksilaPñMePøIgk¾GacekIteLIgCadM
Nak;²edayELkBIKñaénRBwt‫‏‬þikarN_bnÞHú mYyelIk.
5>1>kMEGPøMePøIg
dUcCama:k;ma:Edr kMEGPñMePøIgmanlMdab;lMhUrBIkMxab;eTArav. kMEGPñMePøIgxab; (Blocky Lava) KWman
ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 282 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

kMhab;xab;xøaMgEdlhUryWt²enAelIépÞd.I RbePTepSgeToténkMEGPñeM PøgI dUcCakMEGPñMePøIgRkmYn b¤)a:hUyhUy

(Pahoehoe Ganfa Pah HOY Hoy), GaGa (aa Ganfa AH ah), nig kMEGPñMePøIgragexñIy (Pillow Lava)

EdlmankMhab;ravCagehIybegáIt[manlMhUrkMEGelOnCag. RbePTkMEGTaMgenHmanbgðajenAkñúgrUbPaBxag
eRkam .

kMEGPñMePøIgxab; KWCakMEGEdlRtCak;
ehIyrwgEdlminGaceFVIdMeNIrq¶ayBI
bMBg;bnÞúH)an. kMEGPñeM PøIgxab;EtgEthUr
yWt²ecjBIPMeñ PøgI EdlbegáItCaKMnrlay
dMufRµ sYc²enAlayLMKña .

kMEGPñMePøIgRkmYn b¤ )a:hUyhUy hUryWt²dUcCaRkmYnEdl kMEGlragCaexñIy ekIteLIgenAeBlkMEGPñeM PøgI

Rsk;ecjBIeTon EdlbegátI épÞdUckBa©k; ehIymansñamRCYj pÞúHeLIgenAxageRkamTWk. dUcEdlGñkeXIjenA
CMuvij . kúgñ rUbPaBenH vabegáItCadMumlU EdlmanTMhM nig
rUbragdUcexñyI .
kMEGPñMePøIgeRKIm b¤ GaGa KWCaBaküenAtMbn;haév:
EdlsMedAeTAelIkMEGmYyRbePTEdlmanépÞeRKIm
RsYc. kMEGrwgtic²enHhUrecjya:gelOn ehIy
begátI CasMbkEpndIRsYy. sMbkenHRtUveRbHEbk
eTACabMENkeRKImRsYc²enAeBlkMEGPñMePøIgenAxag
eRkambn‫‏‬þeFVIclna .
5>2>bMENksilaPñMePøIg
bMENksilaPñMePIøg)anekIteLIgenAeBlma:k;ma:pHÞú ecjBIPñeM PøgI ehIykkrwgenAkñúgGakas. vak¾ekIt
eLIgpgEdrenAeBlsilaEdlmanRsab;RtUvbMEbkedaykarpÞúH
ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 283 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

EdlmankmøaMgxøaMg. vaecjmkkñgú TMhMeRcInEbbcab;BIpÞaMgsila

EdlmanTMhMFM²b:unpÞHrhUtdl;PaKl¥ittUc²EdlvaGacvilvl;
enAkñgú briyakasCaeRcInqñaM. rUbPaBenAkñúgTMBr½ enHbgðajBI
RbePTsMxan;²4énbMENksilaPñMePIøgdUcCaRKab;EbkPñMePøgI
(Volcanic bombs), dMu silaPñMePIgø (Volcanic block), FUlI
PñeM PøIg (Lapili Ganfa PILL ee), epHPñ<eM PøgI (Volcanic ash).

dMusilaPñMePøIg KWCabMENkFM bMputénbMENksi

laPñeM PøIg. vamansilarwgEdlpÞúHecjmkxag
eRkAPñMePøIg.
RKab;EbkPñMePøIg dMuma:km; a:F²M FUlIPñMePøIg Edlmann½yfaCafµ
EdlkkrwgenAkñgú Gakas. tUc²CaPasaGIutalI KWCadMuMma:k; TMnak;TMngCIvviTüa
ragrbs;duMRKab;EbkPñeM PøIg dUc ma:tcU ²dUcdMuRKYsenAmuneBl PñMePøgI )anpþl;nUvdIksidæand¾manCICatibpM ut
bgðajenAkñúgrUbPaBenHekIt BYkvaTgÁci nigdI . enAkñúgelak. vaGaceRbIeBlGs;rab;Ban;qañ M
mkBIrgVli rbs;ma:k;ma:enAkñúg edIm,IeFV[I silaPñMePøIgeRbHEbkeTACadIEdl
GakasenAeBlEdlvaRtCak; manCICati. m:üagvijeTot epHEdlecjBI
bnÞHú xøaMgEtmþgGacbegánI CICatieTA[dIkan;Et
epHPñMePøIg ekIteLIgenAeBl
xøaMgenARtwmEt2 b¤bqI ñaMEtb:eu NÑaH ehIyGac
Edl]sµn½ enAkñgú ma:k;ma:rIk
rkSaCICatirbs;dI)anrab;stvtSn_.
maDya:grh½sehIyBBuH]sµ½n
EdlmansNæandUcCBa©aMgpÞHú
bMENktUcdUckB©ak;lit¥ ².

sMNYrrMlwk
1> etIbnÞúHPñeM PøgI s¶b;TMngCabegáItkMEGPñMePIøgb¤ bMENksilaPñMePøIg ? cUrBnül;.
2> RbsinebIPñMePøIgmYymanma:k;ma:EdlsmamaRtTwk nigsIlu Ikatic etIGñkBüakrN_vafaetIbnÞHú PñMePøIgxøagM b¤bnÞHú
PñeM PIøIigs¶b;? ehtuGVI?
3> kareFVIesck‫‏‬þ‫‏‬IsnñidæanrYm bMENksilaPñMePIøgRtUv)ancat;fñak;sMxan;²eTAtamTMhMénbMENktUc². etIGCVI a
mUldæansRmab;karcat;fñak;kEM GPMeñ PIgø ?

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 284 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

emeronTI2 plb:HBal;rbs;PMñePøIg
enAelIEpndI
BaküKnøwH
- PñeM PIgø Exl (Shield Volcano) - mat;PñMePøIg (Crater)
- PñeM PøgI saCI (Cinder cone volcano) - reNþAPñMePøIg (caldera)
- PñeM PIgø smas (Composite)
GVIEdlGñkRtUvsikSa
- erobrab;BI\TæiBlEdlPñeM PøIgmaneTAelIEpndI.
- eRbobeFobRbePTxusKñaénPñeM PøgI .

bnÞHú PñMePøgI man\TæBi lGacRtUv)aneKeXIjTaMgenAeTAelIdI nigGakas. bMENksilaPñMePøIgEdlF¶n;Føak;

eTAelIdI)anbN‫‏‬þal[mankarbMpøicbMpøajd¾F¶n;F¶r. cMENkÉepH nig]sµ½nEdlPayecjb:HBal;eTAdl;KMrUGa-
kasFatuelIBPi Belak. PñMePøIgbegáItCaPñM nigx<s;rabEdlkøayCaeTsPaBd¾yGU EgVgEfmeTotpgEdr.
1>\TæiBlénbnÞúHPñMePøIg
edaysarEtvamankarrujRcanya:gx<s;eTAkñúgGakas epH)anCHenAkñúgkMLúgeBlbnÞHú PñMePøIgpÞHú Gac
man\TæiBlFMeFg. epHenHGac)aMgBnøRW VBHGaTitüCaeRcInéf¶eTAelIépÞEdlmanTMhMrab;Ban;KILÚEm:Rtkaer:. epH
PñeM PøIgGaceFVI[edImeQI nigGaKardYlrlM ehIyGacRKbdN‫‏‬þbT; RI kugEdlenAEk,rCamYyemS:Ahµt.;
1>1>lMhUr nigkarFøak;cuHmkvij
dUcbgðajenAkñgú rUbTI4 BMnUkénepHek‫‏‏‬þAGachUrya:gelOncuHmkeRkamdUcCakar)ak;pÞaMgTwkkkEdleFVI[
fb;degðmI nigeqHexøacral;Pavrs;manCIvitenAtampøvÚ Edlvaqøgkat;. eBlxøHepHd¾eRcIn)ancak;bgÁlayKñaCa
mYynwgTwkePøog b¤TwkEdlrlayBIPñMTwkkkenAkñúgkMLúgeBlénkarpÞHú . kMhab;)anxaMCatiepSIm[P¢ab;Kña ehIy
Rcbl;KñahUrcuHmkxageRkamPñMnaMmkCamYyénpÞaMgsilaFM²edImeQI ehIynigGaKarEdlenAtampøÚv. enAeBl
EdlepHPñMePøgI Føak;mkelIdIGacmanplb:HBal;bMpøicbMpøaj. GaKarGacRtUvdYlrlMeRkamTMgn;énepHd¾eRcInsnæwk
snæab;. epHGaceFVI[TenøenAtamRClgPñGM aceTACarak;EdlbNþ‫‏‬al[manTwkCMnn;d¾FM. ehIyeTaHbICaya:g
Nak¾eday epHk¾CaCIsRmab;rku çCatid¾manRbsiT§iPaB.
ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 285 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

EtenAeBlmanbrimaNepHeRcInRCuleBkGaceFV[I dMNaM
søab;bN‫‏‬þal[mankgVHxatGahar nig)at;bg;stVBa-
hn³.
1>2>bMErbMrYlGakasFatu
bnÞHú enAkñúgRTg;RTayFMepHPñMePøgI CamYynwg]sµ½n
EdlsMbUrs‘ulpYrGacehIreTAdl;briyakasxagelI. rUbTI4 enAkñúgkMLugeBlénkarpÞúHrbs;PñMBNI aTUbeU nAkñúgqñaM
1991 enAkñúgRbeTshVlI IBnI BMnUk]sµ½n nigepHPñMePIgø )an
eBlEdlepHnig]sµ½nsayPayeBjépÞbriyakasxag Paykñgú el,Ón 250KILÚEm:Rtkñgú 1ema:g.
elIBYkvaGaclµmRKb;RKan;sRmab;eFVI[)aMgBnøWRBHGa
TitüeFVI[sItuNðPaBmFümenAelIBPi BelakFøak;KYr[kt;smÁal;. enAkñúgqñaM 1991 bnÞHú rbs;BINaTUbU)an
bN‫‏‬þal[sItuNðPaBCamFümelIBiPBelakFøak;cHu rhUtdl; 0/5GgSaes. eTaHbIerOgenHminTMngdUcCakarERb
RbYlsItuNðPaBd¾FMmYyk¾eday k¾karERbRbYlEbbenHGacrMxandl;GakasFatuenACMuvijBiPBelak. sItuNPð aB
CamFümTabCagFmµtaGacmanry³eBlCaeRcInqñaMnaMmknUvrdUvePøógEdlmansMeNImeRcInCag nigRtCak;Cag
Fmµta ehIyrdUvRtCak;nwgyUrCagFmµta RBmTaMgRtCak;xøaMg.

2>RbePTepSg²énPñMePøIg
; kMEG nigbMENksilaPñMePøIgEdlpÞHú ecjBIPñMePøIgbegáIt)anCasNæandIeRcInEbb. sNæandIPeñM PøgI EdleK
sÁal;eRcInCageK KWPñeM PøgI xøÜnvaEtm‫‏‬þg. PñMePøIgekItmkBIkarekIneLIgénsilaEdlenACMvu ijbMBg;. RbePTPñMePøIg
FM²3RtUv)anBnül;enAkñúgrUbTI5.
2>1>PñMePøIgExl
PñeM PøIgExlekItecjBIRsTab;kEM GPñeM PøgI EdlbN‫‏‬þalmkBIbnÞúHPñMePøIgs¶b;hUrdEdl². BIeRBaHkMEGPMeñ PøgI
manlkçN³ravxøagM ehIyvaraldanRKbdN‫‏‬þbé; pÞd¾FM. yUr²eTARsTab;kEM GPñMePøIgTaMgenaHbegáItCaPñMePøIgEdl
mancMeNateTrTab. eTaHbICaxagcMenatenaHminsUvecaT
xøagM k¾edayPñMePøIgExlGacmanTMhMFMeFg.PñmM :UNaKI enA
haév:CaRbePTPñMePøIgExldUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbPaBKWCaPñM
EdlFMCaeKbMputenAelIEpndI. edayvas;cab;BI)atPñMEdl
enAelI)atsmuRTPMm:UNaKIKWx<s;CagPñMeGevIer:s PñMePøIgExl
EdlCaPñxM <s;CageKenAelIeKak.
ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 286 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

2>2>PñMePøIgsaCI
PñeM PøIgsaCI KWCaPñMePøIgragsaCItUc²EdlekIteLIgBIbMENksilaPñMePøIgBIbnÞHú PñMePøIgFunkN‫‏‬þal. bMENk
silaPñMePøIgbegátI CacMenaTEdlecaTxøagM edayman)at
tUcCaglMhUrkMEGlPñMePøIgExldUcEdlGññkGaceXIjenA
kñúgrUbPaBPñeM PøgI )a:rIKUTIn enARbeTsmisu iukkU. PñMePøIgsa
CIEtgEtpÞúHmanry³eBlxøI ehIyEtgEtekIteLIgCaRkum
CaTUeTAekIteLIgenAsgxagénPñMePøIgExl nig
PñeM PøIgsmas. PñeM PøgI TaMgenHswkricrilya:g PñMePøIgsaCI
rh½sBIeRBaHbMENkénkemÞckmÞsI ilaminRtUv)anxaMCab;KñaedaykMEGlPñMePøIgeT.
2>3>PñMePøIgsmas
CYnkalehAfa Stratovolcano KWCaRbePTPñMePøgI FmµtabMputmYyenAkñúgcMeNamRbePTPñMePøIgTUeTAepSg
eTot. vaekIteLIgedaysarFatubMENksilaPñeM PøgI
énbnÞHú PñMePøIgxøaMgbnþedaykarhUrecjedays¶b;es¶om
énkMEGPñMePøIg. karbnSMRbePTTaMgBIrrbs;bnÞHú begáIt
CaRsTab;qøas;KñaénbMENksilaPñMePøIg nigkMEGPñMePIøg.
PñeM PøIgsmas dUcCaPñhM VúyCIenARbeTsCb:un
dUcbgðajenAkúgñ rUbPaBman)at nigcMehog PñMePøIgsmas
sgxagEdlmanCRmalkan;EtecateTA²eq<aHeTAkan;kMBUlPñM.
PñMePøIg reNþAPñMePøIg
3>mat;PñMePøIg nigreN‫‏‬þAPñMePøIg
enAelIkMBUlcMkNþalénbMBg;esÞIrEtRKb;PMñePøIgTaMg
Gs;EdlbMBg;mandUcragCILavehAfa mat;PñMePøIg ¬mat;PñM
ePøgI k¾manragRbehagCargVg;pgEdrEdlekIteLIgeday\Tæi
BlGacm_páay ¦. rUbPaBénPñMePøIgsaCIenAelITMB½rBI mat;PñMePøIg
munbgðajBIPñMePøIgEdlkMNt;ya:gc,as;. mat;rbs;PeñM PøIg
ragCILavekItmkBIbnÞúHénsarFatuecjBIbMBg;k¾dUcCakar rUbTI6 reN‫‏‬þAPñMePøIg CaTUeTAKW
manTMhFM CM agmat;PñMePøIg.

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 287 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

Føak;rbU FatuBIWEKménmat;PñMePIgø cUleTAkúñgbMBg;. reN‫‏‬þAPñMePøIg ekIteLIgenAeBlbnÞbm; a:km; a:Edlpþl;rUbFatueTA

[PñMePøIgmYyRtUvGs;ehIydMbUlrbs;vaRtUvFøak;cHu . bBaðaenHbNþalenH[dIFøak;cuHedaybnSl;TukenAsñam)ak;
Føak;ragrgVg;manTMhMFM dUcbgðajenAkñgú rUbTI6.

4>x<g;rabkMEGPñMePøIg
karhUrecjd¾sem,IménkMEGPñeM PøIgminEmnhUrecjEtBIPñMePøgI EtmYymuxenaHeT. PaKeRcInénkMEGPñeM PøIg
enAelITVbI énEpndIpÞHú BIkareRbHEdlmanRbEvgEvg b¤ sñameRbHEbk enAkñúgsMbkEpndI. enAkñúgRbePTénbnÞHú
s¶b;enH kMEGPñMePøIgravhUrecjBIsñameRbHEbkCaeRcIn ehIyGacraldalelIépÞrabrab;Ban;KILÚEm:Rtkaer:.
sNæandIEdlbnSl;RtUv)aneKehAfa x<g;rabkMEGlPñMePøIg. x<g;rabTenøkULbMú ‘Í Cax<g;rabkMEGPñMePøIgEdlekIt
eLIgRbEhlCa15lanqñakM nøgeTAGacRtUv)aneKRbTHeXIjenAPaKBay½BüénshrdæGaemrik .

sMNYrrMlwk
1> cUrBnül;edaysegçb ehtuGVI)anCaepHBIbnÞúHPñMePIøgmYyGacmaneRKaHfñak;?
2> ehtuGVI)anCaPñMePøIgsaCIman)attUc nigCMralsgxagecatCagPñeM PøgI Exl?
3> kareRbobeFobKMnit BiBN ½ naedaysegçbBIPaBxusKñarvag mat;PñMePøIg nigreN‫‏‬þAPñMePøIg.

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 288 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

emeronTI3 mUlehtuénbnÞúHPñMePøIg
BaküKnøwH
- sñamEbk (rift)
- cMNucek‫‏‬þA (hot spot)
GVIEdlGñkRtUvsikSa
- erobrab;BIkarkekIt nigclnarbs;ma:k;ma:.
- Bnül;BITMnak;TMngrvagPñeM PøgI nigpøaktictUnic.
- segçbBIviFGI ñkviTüasaRs‫‏‬þeRbIedIm,IBüakrN_BbI nÞHú PñMePøIg.

GñkviTüasaRs‫‏‬þ)ansikSaya:gTUlMTUlayGs;CaeRcInqñaMGMBIGEVI dlekIteLIg enAeBlEdlPñMePøIgmYypÞHú .

manlTæplCaeRcInKYr[cab;GarmµN_ nigGacemIleXIjPøam². b:uEn‫‏‬þCaGkusl karEsVgyl;BIGVIEdlbN‫‏‬þal
[PñeM PøIgmYYypÞHú dMbUg KWvamankarlM)ak. GñkviTüasaRs‫‏‬þRtUvEtgBwgEp¥keTAelIKMrUsila ehIynwgTinñn½ydéT
eTotEdlp‫‏‬þl;karyl;sIuCeRmAeTAelIdMeNIrkarPñeM PøgI . BIeRBaHvalM)akxøagM Nas;edIm,IemIleXIjBIGEVI dlkMBug
ekIteLIgenAkñúgCeRmAeRCAenAkñgú EpndImanPaBminnc,as;las;CaeRcInGMBIfaetIehtuGVIPMñePøIgkekIteLIg.

1>karkMNkMeNItma:k;m:a
Gñk)ansikSarYceTAehIyenAemeronmunEdlfaPñeM PøgI kekIteLIgedaybnÞúHénkMEGPñMePøIg nigbMENksila
PñeM PøIgenAelIépÞénEpndI. b:uEn‫‏‬þKnøwHedIm,Iyl;faetIehtuGVIPMñePøIgpÞHú KWkaryl;BIrebobEdlma:k;ma:kekIteLIg.
dUcEdlGñkGaceXIjenAkñúgrUbTI7 PñeM PøIgcab;
ep‫‏‬þImenAeBlma:k;ma:RbmUlpþúMenAkñgú tMbn;d¾eRCA
enAkñgú sMbkEpndIehIyenAkñúgRsTab;elIbMput
énm:g;tEU dlCatMbn;dE¾ snek‫‏‬þA ehIysilaRCay
enAxageRkamsMbkEpndI .
rUbTI7 ma:km; a:ekIteLIgenAxageRkamépÞrbs;EpndI enAkñúgtMbn;Edl
manTaMgsMbkesþIg nigEpñkenAxagelItMbn;m:gt; U.
ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 289 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ
1>1>sm<aF nigsItuNðPaB
eTaHbIvaek‫‏‬þAnwgRCayya:gNak¾edaysilaénm:g;tURtUv)an
eKcat;Tukfavtßúrwg. b:uEn‫‏‬þsItuNPð aBrbs;m:g;tUKWx<s;lµmkñúg
karrMlayesÞEI tRKb;sila dUecñHehIyetIehtuGvVI aminrlay?
cemøIyKWvaTak;TgeTAnwgsm<aF. Tm¶n;énsilaenAxagelI
m:g;tUp‫‏‬þln; Uvsm<aFmYYyya:gFMsem,Im. sm<aFenHrkSaGa
tUménsila m:g; tUsgátv; aya:gENnedaykarBarsilam:g;tU
min[p‫‏‬þÚrRTg;RTayeTAkñgú sPaBrav. karekIneLIgénsm<aF
begánI cMNucrlayénRKb;sarFatuTaMgGs;. dUcEdlGñk
GacemIleXIjenAkñúgrUbTI8 silarlayehIybegáItma:k;
ma:enAeBlEdlsItN u ðPaBénsilaekIneLIg b¤k¾enAeBl
Edlsm<aFeTAelIsilafycuH. edaysarsItN u ðPaenAm:g;
tUmankarERbRbYl. karFøak;cuHénsm<aFKWEtgEtCaGVIEdl
bN‫‏‬þal[ma:k;ma:kekIteLIg .
1>2>dg;sIuet
enAeBlEdlva)ankekIteLIgma:k;ma:eLIgeq<aHeTA
kan;épÞEpndIBIeRBaHvaRsalCagsilaEdlenACMuvij. Ca
Fmµtama:k;ma:KWCal,ayénRkamEr:rav nigRkamEr: dUecñHehIy
vaRsalCagsilarwgEdlenACMuvji va. dUcnwgBuHxül;Edl
ekIteLIgenA)atqñagM daMTwkBuHma:km; a:ngw eLIgeq<aHeTAkan;
épÞxagelI.
GVIEdlCakk‫‏‬þaBIrya:gEdlGacbNþal[sila
rwgkøayeTACama:k;ma: ? ¬sUmRsavRCavbEnßm¦
ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 290
ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ
BiesaFN_xøI
RbtikmµeTAelIénkmøaMgbM)ak;
1> eFVsI ilaRCaymYyedaycak; Twk 60ml cUleTA
kñgú EBgpøasÞicmYyehIybEnßm emS:AeBat cMnYn
150 ml edaycak;m‫‏‬þg 15 ml. kUr[esµsI ac;nUv
ral;karbEnßmnImYy².
2> cak;l,ayemS:AeBatBak;kN‫‏‬þalcUleTAkñgú can
eKamføamYYy. segátedayykcitþTukdak;BIrebob
EdlsilahUr. sUmGt;Ftµ e; nHCadMeNIrkard¾yWt
mYy .
3> ekassilaEdlenAesssl;ecjBIEBgeday
eRbIsøabRBamYyY . segátBIlkçN³énsilaenA
eBlEdlGñkekas.
4> etIG)VI anekIteLIgeTAelIsilaenAeBlEdlGñk
Tuk[vahUredayxøÜnva? etImanGVI)anekIteLIgenA
eBlEdlGñkdak;kmøaMgeTAelIsila?
5> etIsilaTn;RCayenHRsedogeTAnwgsilaenAEp¥k
xagelIrbs;mg: ;tUedayrebobNa?
rUbTI8 KMnUstagenHbgðajBIrebobEdl
sm<aF nigsItuNðPaBman\TæiBleTAelI
karkekIténma:k;ma:enAkñgú m:gt; U .
រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

2>kEnøgPñMePøIgkekIteLIg
TItaMgPñeM PøgI enACMuvijBiPBelakp‫‏‬þl;nUvtRmuy
faetIPñMePøIgkekIteLIgedayreebobNa. EpnTIBPi B
elakenAkñúgrUbTI9bgðajTItaMgénPñeM PøgI skmµTaMgLay
enAelIEpdI. vak¾bgðajpgEdrBIRBMEdnpøakTictUnic.
dUUcEdlGñkGacemIleXIjBIcMnYnPñMePøIgd¾eRcInsNþÚkenA
tamRBMEdnpøakTictUnic. tamBit RBMEdntictUnicEdl
enACMuvji mhasmuRT)a:sIPu icmanPñMePøIgya:geRcInNas;
EdlRBMRbTl;TaMgenHrYmKñaRtUv)aneKehAfa ExSRkva:t; rUbTI9 RBMEdnpøaktictUnicTMngCakEnøgsRmab;PMeñ PøgI kekIt.
PñMePøIg. ExSRkva:t;PñMePøIgman Cit 75°énPñMePøgI skmµrbs;BiPBelak
ehtuGVI)anCaPñeM PøgI PaKeRcInsßitenAelIRBMEdn enAelIdI.
pøaktictUnic? RBMEdnTaMgenHCakEnøgEdlpøakb:HTgÁicCamYYypøakmYyepSgeTot b¤k¾Ejkdac;BIKña. enARtg;RBM
EdnTaMgenaHvamanlkçN³kan;EtgayRsYlsRmab;ma:k;ma:eFVIdMeNIreq<aHeLIgelIkat;tamsMbkEpndI. müa:gvij
eTot RBMEdnTaMgenHKWCakEnøgmanskmµPaBekIteLIg.
2>1>eBlpøakTictUnicEjkecjBIKña karKNnatamKNitviTüa
enAeBlpøakTictUnicBIrEjkecjBIKña ehIyecjBIKña RBMEdn
etIkMedAek‫‏‬þAb:unNaEdr?
Ebkecj b¤RBMEdnsMNg ekIteLIg. enAeBlEdlpøaktictUnci enAxagkñúgEpndI ma:k;ma:GacmancMehH
EjkecjBIKña sñameRbHya:geRCAmYy b¤ sñameRbH kekIteLIgenA
ek‫‏‬þArhUtdl;1>400GgSaes¡ GñkRb
cenøaHpøak. bnÞab;mkrUbFatum:g;tU)aneLIgmkxagelIedIm,IbMeBj EhlCaFøab;sÁal;xñatsItuNðPaBGgSa
tamcenøaH. BIeRBaHrUbFatum:g;tUkan;EtmkCitépÞxagelIsm<aFenAelI
hVariéhehIy dUecñHGñkGacpøas;b‫‏‬þÚrBI
vak¾fycuH. karfycuHénsMBaFenHbNa‫‏‬þl[silam:g;tUrlayeday 1>400GgSaesmkCaGgSahVarinéh)an
Epñk² ehIyk¾køayCama:k;ma:. edaykareRbIR)as;rUbmn‫‏‬þxageRkamenH÷
BIeRBaHma:k;ma:ravCagsilaEdlenACMuvijva vak¾eLIgmkxagelI 0
F = 9/5 C + 32 0

tamsñameRbH. enAeBlEdlma:k;ma:eLIgdl;xagelIvacuHRtCak; ehIy etIsItuNðPaBrbs;ma:km; a:manb:unµan

sMBaFeTAelIvafycuH dUecñHehIyeTaHbICavakan;EtRtCak; enAeBl GgSahVariéh ?
EdlvaeLIgmkdl;elIya:gNak¾edayvaenAEtrlayBIeRBaHEtsm<aFRtUvfycuH .
ma:k;ma:enAEtbn‫‏‬þeLIgmkxagelItamry³sñameRbHenAcenøaHpøakEdlEjkecjBIKña\tQb;Qr ehIy
begáItCasMbkEpndIfµ.I eTaHbICaRBMEdnEbkecjEbkecjBIKña b¤RBMEdnsMNg;mYycMnYntUcmanenAelITVIbEtPaK
ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 291 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

eRcInmanenAelI)atmhasmuRT. enATIenaHBYkvabegáItnUvCYrPñMdE¾ vgEdleKehAfamNÐlEjkkN‫‏‬þalmhasmuRT

b¤ehAfa RTnugkN‫‏‬þalmhasmuRT. enArUbTI10bgðajBIdMeNIkarénkarkekItCYrPñeM RkamTwkEbbenHenAÉRBM
EdnEbkecjBIKñamYy .
rUbTI10 rebobEdlma:k;ma:kekIteLIgenAÉRBMEdnEbkecjBIKñamYy
sMbkmhasmuRT
 rUbFatum:gt; UeLIgeTAelIedIm,IbeM BjcenøaHcMh
edaypøaktictUnicEdlEbkecjBIKña. enAeBlEdl
sm<aFfycuHm:gt; cU ab;ep‫‏‬þImrlay.

karkekItma:k;ma:
 BIeRBaHma:k;ma:ravCagsilaEdlenACMvu ijvaeLIg
eTAelIeq<aHeTAépÞxagelIEdlCakEnøgEdlvabegátI
sMbkEpndIfIeµ nAelI)atmhasmuRT .
xagelIma:k;ma:
2>2>eBlEdlpøaktictUnicb:HTgÁicKña
RbsinebIGkñ rMGilsnøkw esovePABIrsnøwksresrcUlKñaenAelIépÞrabrbs;tRu kdasnwge)a:geLIgelIénbM
ENkmçageToténRkdasnwgeFVIclnaenAeRkamRkdasmYyeTot. sßanPaBEbbenHpþl;dl;GñknUvKMnitmYyfaGVI
ekIteLIgenAeBlpøaktictUnicb:HTgÁicKña. kEnøgEdlpøaktictUnicBIrb:HTgÁicKñaehAfa RBMEdnEbkCMnYbKña.
RBMEdnCMnbY KñaCaFmµtasßitenAkEnøgEdlpøakmhasmuRTb:HTgÁicCamYypøakTVIb. sMbkmhasmuRTKW
F¶nC; ag nigesþIgCagehtudUecñHehIyvaeFVcI lnaenAxageRkamsMbkTVIb. clnaénpøakTictUnicmYyenABIeRkam
pøaktictUnicmYyepSgeTotehAfa tMbn;CMnYbKña b¤tMbn;sMNg; dUcbgðajenAkñúg rUbTI11.
enAeBlEdlsMbkmhasmuRTrGilcUleRkamsMbkTVIb vaFøak;kan;EteRCAeTAkñúgtMbn;m:g;tU ehIykan;Et
ekþAeLIg. enAeBlEdlvamanlkçN³EbbenaH sm<aFeTAelIsMbkmhasmuRTekIneLIgpgEdr. karrYmpSMKñaén
kMedA nigsMBaFekIneLIgbNþal[TwkEdlpÞúkenAkñúgmhasmuRTvak¾RtU)anbeB©aj. bnÞab;mkTwklayCamYy
silam:g;tUEdleFVI[cMNucrlayrbs;silafycuHbNþal[varlay.

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 292 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

rUbTI11 viFIEdlma:k;ma:kekItenAÉtamRBMEdnCMnYb
1 > enAeBlEdlpøakmhasmuRTeFVcI lna 2> enAeBlEdlma:km; a:ravCagsila Edl
cuHeRkam silamYycMnYnrlayehIykekIt enACMu vijva vaeLIgeTAelIeq<aHeTAépÞxag
Cama:km; a: . elI .

PñMePøgI

kEnøgma:k;ma:kekIt
kEnøgbeBa©jcMhayTwknUvkMedAd¾xøaMg kEnøgma:k;ma:kekIt
3>cMnucekþA
minEmnRKb;ma:km; a:TaMgGs;vivtþN_enARtg;RBMEdnpøaktictUnic eT. Ca]TahrN_enAekaHhaévmanPñMePIøg
d¾l,Il,ajbMputmYycMnYnenAelIEpndIEdlminsßitenACitRBMEdnpøak. PñeM PøgI énekaHhaévehIy nwgenAkEnøg
epSgeTotenACitEpndIRtUv)aneKsÁal;faenACacMnucekþA. cMnucekþA KWCakEnøgenAelIépÞEpndI
EdlsßitenAcMBIelIbMBg;ma:k;ma: EdleKehAfa bMBg;m:g;tU (Mantle plume). bMBg;mg: ;tU epþmI eRCAenAkñgú
EpndIGacmanenARtg;RBMEdnrvagm:g;tU nigsñlÚ EpndI. GñkviTüasaRsþminR)akdfaGVEI dlbNþal[man
bMBg;TaMgenH b:uEnþGñkviiTüasaRsþmYycMnYnKitfa bnSMkeM dA)anekIteLIgBIsñÚlénEpndIeq<aHeLIgeTAxagelI
nigkMedABIFatuviTüúskmµrkSabMBg;m:g;tU[eLIgeTAelI.
cMnucekþAmYyEtgEtbegáIt[manCYrPñMePøIgd¾EvgmYy. enHKWedaysarbMBg;m:g;tsU ßitenAcMnuc dEdl
xN³EdlpøakTictUnicenABIelIeFVIclnaBIelIva. Ca]TahrN_ekaHhaév KWvaenABIelIpøak)a:sPIu icEdleFVcI lna
eq<aHeTATisBay½Bü. rUbPaBTI12bgðajBIvFi IEdlcMnucekþAmYyGacbegáItCaekaHPñMePøgI .
rUbPaBTI12> rebobEdlcMnucekþAmYy begátI CaPñeM PøIg .
TisedAénclnapøakTiktUnic kEnøgEdlenAcMBIelItMbn;ekþA skmµPaBPñeM PøIg

søabm:g;tU sMbkmhasmuRT
ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 293 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

1> bMBg;énsilam:g;teU kþAhUryWt² 2> enAeBlEdlpøakTictUniceFVcI lna yWt²

kat;tam m:g;teU LIgeTAelI . BIxagelIbMBg;m:g;tU ekaHPñMePøgI mYyCYr kekIt
eLIg .
4>karBüakrN_bnÞúHPñMePøIg
edIm,ICYyBüakrN_bnÞúHPñeM PøIgGñkviTüasaRsþ cat;fañ k;PñMePøIgedayEp¥keTAelIRbvtþipHÞú rbs; PñMePøIg
nigrebobEdlPñMePøIgTaMgenaHnwgpÞHú sarCafµI . PñeM PøIg gab; KWPñMePøIgTaMgLayNaEdlminpÞúH
enAkñgú RbvtþiEdleKkt;Rta nigRbEhlCanwgminpÞúHsarCafµIeToteLIy . PñMePøIgGskmµ ( Dormant volcanoes )
KWCaPñeM PøgI TaMgLayEdlminpÞHú kñúgry³kalfµI² b:uEnþ)anpÞHú kñgú eBlNamYykñúgRbvtþieKkt;Rta. PñeM PøgI rs;
( Active Volcanoes ) KWCaPñMePøgI TaMgLayNaEdlsßitenAkñúgdMeNIrkarénkarpÞúH b¤Edlbgðaj
sBaØaénkarpÞúHenAkñúgeBlGnaKtd¾xøI .
4>1 karvas;rBa¢ÜyexSay
PñeM PøIgrs;PaKeRcInbegáIt[manrBa¢ÜydIexSayenAeBlEdlma:k;ma:EdlenAkñgú PñeM PøgI TaMgenaH
eFVIclnaeLIgmkelIehIybNþal[silaEdlenACMuvijclna . enAmuneBlpÞHú cMnYn nigGaMg tg;sIuet
rbs;rBa¢ÜyexSayekIneLIg ehIykarekIteLIgénrBa¢Üy GacekIteLIgCabnþbnÞab; . rBa¢ÜydITaMgenH
RtUv)aneKvas;edayeRbI]bkrN_vas;rBa¢ÜydI ( Seismograph ) dUcbgðajenAkñúgrUbPaBTI13 .
4>2 karvas;TIcMenat
rgVas;éncMenatPñeM PøgI mYypþl;dl;GñkviTüasaRsþnvU KnøHw edIm,IeFVIkarBüakrN_bnÞúHPñMePøIgpgEdr.
Ca ]TahrN_karekagcMenatrbs;PñMePøIgGacekIteLIgenAeBlEdlma:k;ma:rujRcanEp¥kxagkñúgénPñMePøIg .
edayP¢ab;]bkrN_mYyEdleKehAfa Em:RteTr ( tiltmeter ) eTAnwgépÞénPñeM PøgI GñkviTüasaRsþGacrk
eXIjkarERbRbYltUc²enAkñúgmuMéncMenat .

rUbTIPaB13 > ]bkrN_vas;rBa¢ÜydICYyGñk

viTüasaRsþkMNt;enAeBlma:k;ma:eFVcI lnaenABI
eRkamPñeM PøgI mYy .
4>3 karvas;]sµ½nPñMePøIg

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 294 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

karhUrecjén]sµ½nPñMePøIgBIPñMePøIgmYyk¾GacCYyGñkviTüasaRsþBüakrN_bnÞHú pgEdr . GñkviTüa

saRsþmYycMnYnKitfapleFobén]sµ½nmYycMnYn CaBiess]sµ½ns‘ulpYrDIGuksIut ( SO2 ) nigbUnDIGuksuIt
( CO2 )KWsMxan;enAkñúgkarBüakrN_bnÞúHPñeM Pøg I . BYkeKdwgfaenAeBlpleFobenHERbRbYlvaCa kar
bgðajmYyfavtßúTaMgLaymankarERbRbYlenAkñgú bnÞb;ma:km; a:enABIeRkam dUcEdlGñkGaceXIjenA kñgú
rUbPaBTI14 karRbmUlTinñn½yRbePTenHCajwkjab;
EtgEtmaneRKaHfñak; .
rUbTIPaB14 > karxitcUlCit PñMePøIgrs;mYyhak;dUcCaminman
eRKaHfñak; ]sµ½nEdleKkMBugEtRbmUlenATIenHKWBulbMput .
4>4 karvas;sItuNðPaBBIKnøgEpndI
viFfI ²µI bMputmYYycMnYnEdlGñkviTüasRsþkMBgu eRbIedIm,IBüakrN_bnÞPú eñM PøgI Ep¥keTAelIrUbPaBtamta
rarNb . rUbPaBCaeRcInTaMgenHkt;RtakaMrsµGI aMgR)aRkhmEdl[GñkviTüasaRsþvas;karpøas;bþÚr
sItuNPð aBkñúgkMLúgeBlmYy . rUbPaBTaMgenaHRtUv)aneKftBIpáayrNbEdlehaHtamKnøgkMBs;Cag
700KILÚEm:RtBIelIEpndI . edayeFVkI arviPaKrUbPaBEdleKftenAeBlxus²Kña GñkviTüasaRsþGac
kMNt;faetIkEnøgPñMePøIg enaHkan;EtekþAeLIg²enAeBlEdlma:k;ma:rujmkCitépÞEpndI .

sMNYrrMlwk
1> etIsMBaFkMNt;faetI m:g;tUb¤g b¤ravrebobNa ?
2> cUrBiBN’nabec©kviTüamYyEdlGñkviTüasaRsþeRbIedIm,IBüakrN_bnÞúHPñeM PøgI ?
3> bkRsayrUbPaB rUbPaBTI9Edl)anbgðajBImunenAkñúgCMBUkenHbgðajTItaMgénPñMePøIg rs; enAelIEpndI .
BiBN’naTItaMgenAelIEpnTIEdlGñkkMNt;TItaMgPñMePøIgeRkamTwkehIyfaehtuGVI .

karGnuvtþN_
karERskehA[CYy
eTaHbICaGñkviTüasaRsþ)ansikSaBIPMñePøIgCaeRcInya:gNak¾edayk¾BYkeKminGacBüakrN_bnÞHú
PñeM PøIg[)anRtwmRtUvl¥\tex©aHenaHeT . CYnkalmansBØaaRBman[dwgmun muneBlbnÞúHekIteLIg
b:uEnþCaerOy²BMumansBaØaEbbenHenaHeT . ]bmafaGñkKWCaecAhVayRkugénTIRkugmYyEdlsßitenACit
PñeM PøIgd¾FMmYy ehIyGñkFrNIviTUmñak;RBmanGñkfaRbEhlCamanbnÞHú PñMePøIgmYyekIteLIg . Gñkdwgfa
karbBa¢a[mankarCMelosecjBITIRkugrbs;GñkGacCakarGam:as;mYy nigRtUvcMnayluyGs;eRcIn

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 295 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

RbsinebIPMeñ PøgI enaHminpÞúH . b:uEnþRbsinebIGñksMerccitþfaGñkenAes¶om mnusSenATIenaHGacsßitenAPaB

eRKaHfñak;RbsinebIPñMePøIgenaHpÞúHeLIg . cUrBicarNaeTAelIplBi)akEpñksgÁm nigescdækic©énkarsMerc
citþrbs;Gñk kargarrbs;GñkRbEhlCakan;EtlM)ak . etIGñkRtUveFVIEbbNa ?

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 296 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

cMnucsMxan;²enAkñúgCMBUkTI8
emeronTI1
BaküKnøwH
-PñeM PøIg
-kMEGPñMePøIg
-bMENksilaPñMePøIg
kMNt;sMKal;xøwmsar
 bnÞHú PñMePøgI manbnÞúHPñMePøgI xøaMg nigbnÞúHPñeM PøgI s¶b;
 lkçN³sMKal;énbnÞúHPñeM PøgI PaKeRcInkMNt;edayRbePTénma:k;ma:enAkñúgPñMePøIgenaH .
 brimaNsIlu IkaenAkñúgma:k;ma:kMNt;fava etImancMnYnTictYc ehIyrav nigxab; b¤g
 kMEGPñeM PøgI kkb¤gCalkçN³RTg;RTaycab;BIrelag eTACaeRKImedayEp¥keTAelIkMras;énkMEG PñMePøIg
nigel,ÓnEdlvahUr .
 bMENksilaPñMePøIg b¤ kMTicPñMePøIg rYmmanbMENkb¤génPñeM PøgI k¾dUcCama:k;ma:Edlkkb¤genAeBl
Edlvaqøgkat;briyakas .
emeronTI2
BaküKnøwH
- PñeM PIgø Exl ( Shield Volcano )
- mat;PñMePøIg ( Crater)
- PñeM PøgI saCI ( Cinder cone volcano )
- reNþAPñMePøIg ( caldera )
- PñeM PIgø smas ( Composite )
kMNt;sMKal;emeronTI2
 bnÞHú PñMePIgø CH\TæiBlTaMgeTAelItMbn; nigBiPBelak .
 PñeM PIøgGacRtUveKcat;fñak;edayeyageTA elIsmasPaB nigragTUeTArbs;va .
 mat;PeñM PIgø KWCaEp¥kmYYyEdlmanragdUCILav EdlkekItenACMuvijbMBg;kNþalénPñMePIgø mYy .

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 297 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

 reNþAPñeM PøgI KWCarNþAEdlFøak;cuHEdlmanragdUccanekambegáIteLIgedaykar)ak;Føak;énbnÞb;

ma:k;ma:mYy .
 enAkñgú RbePTd¾FMbMputénbnÞúHPñeM PIøgkMEGPñMePIøgCaFmµtahUrecjBIsñameRbHeRCAEvg²enAkñgú sMbk
EpndIedIm,IbegáItCax<g;rabkMEGPñeM PIøg .
emeronTI3
BaküKnøwH
- sñamEbk ( rift )
- cMnucek‫‏‬þA ( hot spot )
kMNt;sMKal;emeronTI3
 PñeM PIøgekItmkBIma:k;ma:EdlkekItenAkñgú m:g;tU
 enAeBlEdlsMBaFfycuHsilab¤gmYycMnnY énRsTab;m:g;tUEdlekþArlayedIm,IbegáItCama:k;ma:
 BIeRBaHEtvaravCagsilaEdlenACMuvij ma:k;ma:eLIgeTAelIeq<aHeTAkan;épÞelIEpndI . vapÞúHCakMEG PñeM PIøg
b¤kkb¤genAkñúgsMbkEpndI .
 skmµPaBPñeM PIøgesÞrI EtTaMgGg;ekIteLIgenAtamRBMEdnpøakTictUnicEdlCakEnøgpøakEjkecjBI
Kña b¤b:HTgÁicKña .
 PñeM PIøgk¾ekIteLIgpgEdrenARtg;cMnucekþA . CYrekaHPñMePøIgGackekIteLIgenAeBlpøakTictUnic
eFVIclnaeTAkan;cMnucekþA .
 bnÞHú PñeM PIgø minGacRtUv)aneKBüakrN_[)anRtwmRtUvTaMgRsugenaHeT . b:uEnþ\LÚvenHGñkviTüa
saRsþmanviFI BüakrN_sRmab;bnÞúHenAeBlGnaKtCaeRcIn .
RtYtBinitüCMnaj
KMnitEbbKNitviTüa
karbþÚrmaRtdæansItuNðPaB
eKniyayfama:k;ma:mansItuNPð aBTabCageKbMput GacmansItuNðPaB 1100 GgSas ( C ) . 0

etIma:kma:mYyekþAb:uNÑa ? RbsinebIGñkeRbIR)as;karvas;sItuNðPaBCadWeRkhaVriéh GñkGaceRbI

rUbmnþgaymYyedIm,IKNna .
)0
F = 9/5 0C + 32
0
F = 9/5 ( 1100 ) + 32

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 298 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

0
F = 1980 + 32 = 2012

20120 F = 11000C .

karyl;tamkaremIleXIj
reNþAPñMePøIg
reNþAPñeM PøgI KWbNþalmkBIkarbeBa©jbrimaNma:k;ma:d¾eRcInBIxageRkamépÞénEpndI . enAeBl
EdlmaDma:k;ma:fycuHvaElgmansMBaFedIm,IrujdIeLIgeTotehIy . CalTæpldIRsutcuHbegáIt)anCa
reNþAPñeM PøgI .
lMhat;GnuvtþN_
kareRbIR)as;Bakü
cUrBnül;BGI tþn½yxusKñaénKUrBakünimYy²xageRkam ³
1>mat;PñMePøIg nig reNþAPñMePøIg
2>kMEGPñeM PøIg nig ma:k;ma:
3>kMEGPñMePøgI nigbMENksilaPñMePøIg
4> bMBg; nigsñamEbk
5> PñMePøIgsaCI nigPñeM PøIgExl
karyl;BIKMnit
cUreRCIserIscMelIymYyEdlRtwmRtUv
6>RbePTénma:k;ma:EdlEtgEtbegáItbnÞúHPñeM PøgI xøaMg GacRtUv)aneKBN’nafa
k> ravedaysarEtmanpÞkú sIulIkakMritx<s;
x> xab;edaysarmanpÞúHsIlu IkakMritx<s;
K> ravedaysarmanpÞúksIulIkakMritTab
X> xab;edaysarmanpÞúksIulIkakMritTab
7> enAeBlEdlkMEGPñMePøgI eTACab¤gya:grh½sedIm,IbegáItTMrg;ragdUcExSBYr vaRtUv)aneKehAfa
k>kMEGPñMePøgI GaGa
x>kMEGPñeM PøIg)a:h½yh½y¬RkmYn¦
K> kMEGPñMePøIgragdUcexñIy
X> bNþkúM MEGPñMePøIg
8> FUlPI eñM PøgI nigepHPñeM PøgI GacrkSaenAkñgú briyakasGs;eRcInEx b¤eRcInqñabM Nþaleday
ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 299 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

k> karfycuHkarcaMgpøatBnøWRBHGaTitü nigsItuNðPaBekInx<s;

x> karekIneLIgkarcaMgpøatBnøRW BHGaTitü nigsItuNðPaBfycuH
K> fycuHkarcaMgpøatBnøWRBHGaTitü nig sItuNðPaBfycuH
X>karfycuHkarcaMgpøatBnøWRBHGaTitü nigsItuNðPaBekInx<s;
9> enAkñgú rdæva:sIgu etan PñM Mount St. Helens )anbeBa©jepHPñMePøgI rab;etanRKbdnþb;enAkñúgTIRkug Spokane .
bnÞHú rbs;vaTMngRtUv)anerobrab;Ca
k> bnÞHú s¶b;EdlplitCakMEGPñMePøIg
x> bnÞúHxøagM EdlplitCakMEGPñMePøIg
K> bnÞúHs¶b;EdlplitCakbMENksilaPñeM PøgI
X> bnÞúHxøagM plitCabMENksilaPñMePøIg
10> ma:k;ma:begáItenAxagkñúgtMbn;m:g;tEU dlCaerOyKWCalTæplén
k> sItuNPð aBx<s; nigsMBaFx<s;
x> sItN u ðPaBx<s; nigsMBaFTab
K> sItN u ðPaBTab nigsMBaFx<s;
X> sItN u ðPaBTab nigsMBaFTab
11> enARBMEdnpøakEbkecj b¤sMNg;
k> kMedABIsñlÚ xagkñúgEpndIbegáItCabMBg;m:g;tU
x> pøakmhasmuRTrGilcuH EdlbNþal[ma:k;ma:ekIteLIg
K> pøakTiktUniceFVIclnaXøatecjBIKña
X> cMncu ekþAbegáItCabnÞHú PñMePøgI
12> RTwsþImYyEdlCYyBnülBImUlehtuEdlbNþal[manTaMgrBa©ÜydI nigbnÞHú PñMePøgI KWRTwsþIén
k> bMENksilaPñeM PøIg
x> pøakTictUnik
K> karERbRbYlGakasFatu
X> bMBg;m:g;tU
cMelIyxøI
13> cUrerobrab;edaysegçbeTAelIviFIsaRsþBIrEdlGñkviTüasaRsþeRbIedIm,IBüakrN_bnÞúHPñeM PøgI .
14> cUrBnül;BIrebobénma:km; a:Edlpþl;\TæiBlxusKñaenAeBlbnÞHú PñMePøIg ?
15> etIRbePTRBMEdnpøakTikTUnicGVIEdlCaTUeTA)anrkeXIjPñMePøeI nAtambeNþayenaH ?
ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 300 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

16> cUrerobrab;BIlkçN³PñeM PøgI bIRbePT ?

EpnTIKMnit
17>cUreRbIR)as;RkumBaküBIbBa©IBaküenAkñgú kMNt;sMKal;kñúgCMBUkedIm,IbegáItCaEpnTIKMnitmYYyEdlbgðaj
BITMnak;TMngrvagRbePTénma:km; a: bnÞúHbegáIt[manCalTæplénragrbs;PeñM PøgI ?
karKitBicarNa nigkaredaHRsaybBaða
18> cUrRsemIlRsém:faGñkkMBgu RsavRCavPñMePøIgmYyEdlmansPaBs¶b;s¶at;mYyry³ . Gñkcab;epþmI
kt;RtaeTAelIRbePTkMTickMTPI ñMePøIgEdlGñkCYbRbTHenAeBlEdlGñkedIr . karkt;RtadMbUgrbs;Gñkerob
rab;BIepHPñMePøgI bnÞab;mkarkt;Rtaerobrab;BFI UlPI eñM PøgI . etIenAkñúgTisedANaEdlGñknwgTMngnwgeFVI
dMeNIreq<aHeTAkan; b¤eFVIdMeNIeKcecjBIreNþAPñeM PøgI ? cUrBnül; .
19> LyhIu Loihi KWCaekaHenAeBlGnaKtenAhaévsßitenAkñgú dMeNIrkarénkarkekItenAelI)atmha
smuRTedayBicarNaBIrebobénCYrekaHenH)ankekIteLIg cUrR)ab;BkI EnøgEdlGñkKitfaekaHPñMePøIgfµInwg sßitenA
nigR)ab;BmI Ulehtu .
20> etIGVIEdlGñkKitfaekIteLIgeTAelIGakasFatuénEpndI RbsinebIskmµPaBPñMePIøg)anekIneLIgrhUt
dl;10dgénkMritrbs;vaenAeBlbc©úb,nñ ?
KNitviTüaenAkñúgviTüasaRsþ
21> ekaHmItev: ( Midnaway ) sßitenAcMgay1935 KILÚEm:RtPaKBay½BüénekaHhaév . Rbsin ebIpaø k)a:suIPic
eFVIclnaeTATisBay½Bükñúgel,On 9 sg;TIEm:RtenAkñúgmYyqñaM . etIekaHmItev: manTItaMgenAelIcMnucekþA
Edl)anbegáItvamanry³eBlb:unµanknøgmkehIy ?
bkRsayRkaPic
RkabxageRkamBnül;BbI MErbMrlY GakasFatuCamFümenAelI b¤ eRkamsItuNðPaBFmµtasRmab;
shKmN_mYykñgú ry³eBlCaeRcInqñaM .

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 301 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

bMErbMrYlsItuNðPaBmFüm
sItu rMPaysItN
u ðPaBmFüm
N
PaB
pøas;
bþÚrBI
Fmµta

qñaM

22> RbsinebIbMErbMrYlsItN u ðPaBkñúgkMLúgeBlCaeRcInqñaRM tUvTTYl\TæiBledaybnÞHú PñMePøgI d¾FMmYy . etI

enAeBlNaEdlbnÞúHPñeM PøgI TMngCaGacekIteLIg ? cUrBnül; .
23>RbsinebIsItuNðPaBRtUv)aneKkMNt;EtkñúgcenøaHmYyqñaM²eCosCagCaeRcIneBlkñúgmYyqña²M etIkarbk
Rsayrbs;GñkGacxus²KñaedayrebobNa ?

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 302 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

viTüasaRsþ bec©kviTüa nigsgÁm

mnusSynþenAkñúgekAGIekþA
GñkviTüasRsþRtUvEts¶b;es¶óm mineqvqav nigmansmaFi edIm,IsikSaBIPeñM PøgI rs; . b:uEnþma:k;ma:
EdlRtCak;fµI²enAkñúgreNþAPñeM PøIgmYyminEmnCakEnøgEdlsVaKmN_GñkviTüasaRsþedIm,IsikSaenaHeT . etI
CnRbePTNaEdlminxøacsaøb;ehIyha‘nRbfuynwgeRKaHfñak;EbbNa ? ha‘nRbfuynwgeRKaHfñak;enA)at
reNþAPñeM PøgI eT ? PñeM PøgI viTUman eQµaHfa Dante IIKWCaGñkha‘neFVIEbbenaH ¡¡
1 > vtßúekþA
reNþAPñeM PøgI mYyGachak;dUcCaTeTbnÞab;BIPñMePøIgpÞúH b:uEnþvaminEmnBMmu anBt’manBIbnÞHú PñMePøgI esaH
enaHeT . ]sµn½ EdlbnøsW MelgeLIgelItam)atreNþAPñMePøgI pþl;dl;GñkviTüasaRsþnUvtMruyBIsilaEdlrlayenA
xageRkam EdlGac[BYkeKyl;BIrebob nigmUlehtuEdlPñeM PøgI pÞHú \tQb;Qr . b:uEnþ]sµ½n TaMgenHGacBul b¤
ekþAeFVI[rlak ehIy)aténreNþAPñMePøIgGaceRbH b¤ERbRbYlenAeBlNamYy . CaeRcInqñaMknøgeTAenH
GñkviTüasaRsþmYycMnYn)anTTYlrgrbYsya:gF¶n;Før b¤RtUvsøab;xN³EdlBüayam rukrkreNþAPñMePøIg .
Cak;EsþgPñMePøIgviTURtUvkarkarCYyseRgÁaHmYycMnYn kñúgkarsikSaRbehageRCAman
cMhay .
2> [mnusSynþqøgkat;kMedAedIm,IftrUbPaB
Dante II KWCamnusSynþmYymaneCIg 8 manEPñk

Cama:suInft nigxYrk,alCakuMBüÚTr½ . enAkñúgqñaM 1994

dwknaMedayGñkviTüasaRsþmYyRkummkBI NASAénskl
viTüal½y Carnegie Mellon nigGñkviTüasaRsþmkBI segát
PñeM PøIgGaLasáa ( Alaska Volcano Observatory ) Dante II
)ancab;epþmI ebskmµ elIkdMbUgrbs;xøÜn . va)anedIreLIg
cUleTAkñúgRbehagmYyehAfakMBlU mat;PñMePøIg (Crater Peak )
Edl enACMehogPñM Spurr EdlCaPñeM PøgI skmµmYyenA
GaLassáa . edaye)aHyuTf§ áaenAEKménmat; PñeM PøgI
eday eRbIkabmaMmYy Dante II RtUv)anRKb;RKgeday
mYyEpñkkuBM üÚT½rEdlenAkñúgva nigmYyEpñkedayRkumGñk
ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 303 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

viTüasaRsþmYyRkum . RkumGñkviTüasaRsþeFVIkarR)aRs½yTak;TgCamYymnusSynþtamry³páayrNb mYy

EdlP¢ab;RbB½n§GnI FWENt . Dante IIeFVIclnaya:gyWt² edayftrUb nigRbmUlTinñn½yviTüasaRsþ .
vaRtUv)aneKbMBak;]bkrN_cab;]sµ½n ( Gas Sensor )Edlpþl;karGan]sµn½ enAkñúgmat;PeñM PøgI \tQb;Qr .
va)anbMeBjkic©karEdlGñkviTüasaRsþminGaceFVI)an edayeFV[I mnusSGacTb;citþeK)an .
4>etIebskmµenaHTTYl)aneCaKC½yEdr b¤eT ?
enAkñgú eBlebskmµrbs;va Dante II)aneBWbRbTHsilaFM²EdlsilamYycMnYnmanTMhMb:un xøÜnrbs;va .
elIsBIenHeTAeTot enAeBlEdlkMBugeLIgecjBIPeñM PøgI Dante IIrGilehIyk¾Føak;xUceCIg Gs;mYy .
enATIbMput Dante II RtUv)anseRgÁaHeday]T§mPaKBa©k; BIeRBaHExSkabEdlcgP¢ab;RtUvdac; . eTaH
bIman]bsKÁya:genHk¾eday Dante IIk¾enAEtGacRbmUlykTinñn½yd¾mantMélecjBImat;PñMePøIgenaH Edr .
ebskmµrbs; Dante II )aneqøyI tbeTAnwgvtßúbMNgrbs;NahSaedIm,IbgðajfaeKGaceRbImnusS
ynþRbkbedayeCaKC½yedIm,IRsavRCavsßanPaBPUmisaRsþdEI dllM)ak dUcCaépÞdIénPBnana. Dante II
)anRtYsRtaypøÚvsRmab;KMeragkarmnusSynþeRkay²eTot dUcCa karRsavRCavsRmab;épÞelIénPBGgÁar .
edayyanGvkaseQµaH Sojouner enAkñúgqñaM 1997)anedIrenAelIépÞPBGgÁar .
5> sresrKMerag
cUrsesrsMeNIrsRmab;KMeragkarmYyEdlkñúgenaHmnusSynþRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;edIm,IRsavRCavkEnøgRb
kbedayeRKaHfñak;mYy . kMuePøcbBa©ÚlTinñn½yEdlmnusSRbmUl .

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 304 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

PBrNb GWr:U)a: ( Europa )

etImanCIvitenAelIPBrNbGWr:U)aEdr b¤eT ?
PBrNbmYyeQµaH GWrU:)a: CaPBrNbmYykñúgcMeeNamPBrNbTaMgLayrbs;PB RBhs,t× Edl
relag nigmanBN’s layetñat )anTak;TajGarmµN_rbs;GñkviTüasaRsþ nigGñkniBn§erOgRbDittam
EbbviTüasaRsþ Gs;CaeRcInTsSvtSmkehIy . enAeBlfµI²enHGñkviTüasaRsþPJak;ep¥lI nwgrUbftftBI
cMgayBIebskmµrbs;elak Galileo énPBrNbGWr:U)a:. etIGacmanCIvitlak;k)M aMgenAxageRkamGWr):U a:Edr b¤eT ?
1> RbvtþminsabsUnümYy
GWr:)U a:KWCaPBrNbFMTbI Ynrbs;PBrNbTaMgLayrbs;PBRBhs,t_ ehIymanTMhMtUcCaTMhMPB
RBHc½nÞrbs;EpndIbnþic vaxusEbøkBIPBd¾éTepSgeTotenAkñgú RbB½n§RBHGaTitüBIeRBaHvamanépÞrelagxus
EbøkBIeK . cg¥Úr nigsñamrlkBN’etñatEdlkat;ExVgEpÞrelagénPBrNbGWrU:)a:Gac R)ab;nUverOgmYyfa
épÞrelagenaHTMngCabnSMep¥ócénTwkkk nigTwk . GñkviTüasaRsþmYycMnYnKitfacg¥Úr nigsñamrlkman
TwkkkKWCapÞaMgTwkkk GENþtEdlbnSl;BIeRKaHPñMePøIgEdlpÞúHecjCaTWk . TwkenaH)anhUrkat;épÞPB
rNbGWr:U)a: ehIykkmanlkçN³dUcKñaeTAnwgkMEGPñMePøIgEdlhUrehIykkb¤genAelIépÞEpndI .
2> sßanPaBep¥óc
GñkviTüasaRsþeFVIkarTsSN_Tayfa épÞGWr:U)a:manpøakTictUnicesþIgénTwkkkEdlGENþtelIRsTab;
l,ayep¥óc b¤Tkw . pøakTaMgenHEdlemIleTAdUcCapÞaMgTwkkkEdlGENþelIRsTab;l,ayep¥ócRtUv)an
eKeRbobeFóbeTAnwgdMuTwkkd¾FM²EdlGENþtenAtMbn;b:UlénépÞEpndI .
kEnøgEdlpøakrujRcanCamYyKña rUbFatuénpøakrgkarsgát;edaybegáIt)anCacg¥ÚrTwkkk ( Icy Ridge ) .
kEnøgEdlpøakEjkecjBIKña vtßúravekþA]NвEdllayCamYYysIulIkaexµA GacpÞHú ecjeTAkan;épÞ ehIykk
edaybegáIt)anCasñamrlkBN’etñatmanTwkkkEdlbegáIt)anCarUbragdMuTWkkkRsaM rbs;GWr:U)a: .
3> etImanstVmanCIvitenAelIPBrNbGWr:U)a:eT ?
karrkeXIjTaMgenH[GñkviTüasaRsþBci arNaBIPBEdlGacekItmankarPJak;ep¥IlmYyfa ³
etIGWrU): a:GacmanbrisßanEdlGacRTRTg;TMrg;CIvityuKdMbUg)anEdr b¤eT ? CaTUeTA ya;gehacNas;man vtß
caM)a:c;3 KWcaM)a:cs; Rmab;CIvit KW Twk smasFatusrIragÁ ¬sarFatueEdlmanpÞúkkabUn ¦ nigkMedA . GWr:U)a man
Twk nigsmasFatusrIragÁ KWCaFmµtamanenAkñúgRbB½n§RBHGaTitü . b:uEnþvaekþAlµmeT ? lkçN³ep¥ócGWrU)a:

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 305 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា
 ិ ា នជាតិអប់រ ំ
វទ្យាស្ថ ផ្ផែក ផ្ផនដីវទ្យា
ិ

bgðajBIEpñkxagkñúgekþA . manRTwsþmI Yyfa kMedAenaHbNþalmkBITnM ajxøaMgrbs; PBRBhs,tþ× eTAelI

PBrNbGWr:U)a: . RTwsþmI YyepSgeTotfa kMedAenaHRtUvnaMeTAkan;épÞEpndIedaykar cMlgkMedA .
dUecñHetI GWr:)U a:BitCabMeBjtMrUvTaMgbIrbs;CIvitb¤eT ? cMelIyKWenAEtminTan;dwg b:uEnþclnaEdl
manenAxageRkamépÞGWr:U)a:R)akdCaeFVI[GñkviTüasaRsþkan;EtegOgq¶l;eLIg² .

ររៀបចំរោយស្ថស្ត្ស្ថាចារយ៖ ប៊ូ មករា, នី សុ ពុទ្យី ធ 306 រប៉េង ទ្យិតយសុ ទ្យី ធ & លឹម កនែិោា