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BN’naBIFnFanFmµCatiEdlekIteLIgEdleyIgGacTajfamBlmkeRbIR)as;)anmandUcCa CIvmas
¬famBlsarBagÁkar¦ crnþxül;bk; BnøW crnþTwkhUr CMenarsmuRT kMedAdI GatUmKImI>>>.
bec©keTsTajykfamBl
1 CIvmas
- karduteQI b¤Gus
- kardutlamk b¤søwkrukçCati
- eRbIkMlaMgstVedIm,IdwkCBa¢nÚ
- pliteRbgGakul¬Acohol¦ sMrab;yanynþ ¬ykBIrukCç atiEdlmanGamIdsu x<s;¦
- plitCIv]sµn½ emtaBIsMNl;sarBagÁkay
2 xül;bk;
- eRbIkgðaedIm,IbgVilbUb‘ÍnplitGKÁsi nI
- eRbIkgðaedIm,IbUmTwk nigkinRKab;FBaØati
- eFVIekþagedIm,IcracrtampøÚvTwk
3 BnøRW BHGaTitü
- eRbIkMlaMgedaypÞal;sMrab;eRbIR)as; halselokbMBak; halsac;>>>
- eRbI]bkrN_bnÞHRBHGaTitü b¤fµBilRBHGaTitüedIm,ITajykGKÁisnI
- eRbIkULicT½redIm,IkMedATwkkñúgGaKar
- eFVIpÞHkBa©k;edIm,ITTYl)anfamBlkMedA
- begáIteragcRkfamBlRBHGaTitüedayeRbIkBa©kc; aMgpøatedIm,IkMedATajfamBlGKÁsi nI
4 crnþTwk ¬famBlvarIGKÁisnI¦
- eFVITMnb;TwkenAkEnøgmanTwkhUrdUcCa sÞwg qksmuRTEdlmanCMenar niglMnacx<s;
- TMlak;bUb‘ÍnedIm,IplitGKÁisnI
5 famBlkMedA ¬kMedAdI¦
-dak;bMBg;cUleTAkñúgdIEdlmanm:ak;maenACitépÞdI b¤kEnøgEdlmanTwkekþApus edIm,ITajykcMhay
TwkGUsbUb‘nÍ plitGKÁsi nI
6 GatUmKImI ¬famBlnuyekøEG‘¦
- karrlaynuyekøEG‘ ³ GatUmtUc²rlaycUlKñakøayCaGatUmFM ehIyfamBlRtUv)anbeBa©j
- karbMEbknuyekøEG‘ ³ GatUmFMbMEbkeTAGatUmtUc² ehIyfamBlRtUv)anbeBa©j¬vaRtUv)anbeBa©j
sMNl;viTüúskmµgaybMEbk nigb:HBal;xøaMgdl;Pavrs;¦ .
]> GatUmGIuRdÚEsn nig He
7> etIFnFanfamBlEdlminekIteLIgvijmanGVxI øH? etIFnFanfamBlEdlminekIteLIgvij nig
FnFanfamBlEdlekIteLIgvij mYyNaedIrtYsMxan;enAeBlbc©úb,nñ? ehtuGVI?
FnFanfamBlEdlminekIteLIgvijman ³
- eRbgkateqA ³ saMg m:asUt saMgynþehaH eRbglMGil>>>
- ]sµ½nFmµCati ³ emta b‘uytan RbU)a:n
- FüÚgfµ ³ FüÚgTUb lIjIt FüÚgb‘ÍTbU nigGg;RtasIut. FnFanfamBlEdlminekIteLIgvijedIrtY
sMxan;eBlbc©úb,nñ. FnFanfamBlEdleKeRbIeRcInCageKKW pUslIu \n§n³ eRBaHvagayRsYleRbInig
mantMélsmrmüb:uEnþmanplb:Hbal;xøaMgdl;brisßan.
8> etIFnFanFmµCatiEdlminekIteLIgvij nigFnFanFmµCatiEdlekIteLIgvij mYyNamansar³
sMxan;caM)ac;sMrab;CIvPaBRbcaMéf¶rbs;eyIg? ehtuG?VI
FnFanFmµCatiEdlmansar³sMxan;caM)ac;sMrab;CIvPaBRbcaMéf¶rbs;eyIgKW FnFanFmµCatiEdlekIt
eLIgvijeRBaHvamanPaBcaM)ac;sMrab;CivitdUcCa BnøW Twk xül; Gahar dI>>> eyIgGacrs;enA)aneday
mincaM)ac;eRbIFnFanFmµCatiminekIteLIgvij)andUcCa ]sµ½n Er:>>.
9> cUrBN’naBIsar³sMxan;rbs;FnFanFmµCati.
sar³sMxan;rbs;FnFanFmµCatimandUcCa
- pþlC; Mrkdl;Pav³rs;TaMgLay
- pþl;cMNGI ahar
- plit»sf
- ]sµ½nsMrab;dkdegðmI nigeFVrI sµIsMeyaK
- pþl;rUbFatuedImsMrab;plitsMPar³² sMelokbMBak; sMbkyanynþ>>>
- pþl;famBl
- pliteRKÓgsBaVvuF
- sMrab;eFVIkarsikSaRsavRCav.
10> cUrBN’naBIlMdab;fñak;énRkumsarBagÁkayEdlGñkeGkULÚsIusikSa.
lMdab;fñak;énRkumsarBagÁkayEdlGñkeGkULÚssIu ikSamandUcteTA
- sarBagÁkay ³ CaÉt³manCIvitmYy
]> edImeQImYyedIm mnusSmñak; stVmYyk,al
- bNþaPav³ ³ CaRkumsarBagÁkayénePTdUcKña rs;enACamYyKñaenAkénøgNamYy
]> bNþaPav³eKa bNþaPav³eck bNþaPav³Rsl
- shKmn_ ³ CabNþaPav³rs;eRcInrs;enACamYyKña
]> shKmn_stV rukçCatienAkñgú bwgTenøsab
- sßanRbB½n§ ³ CabNþMúshKmn_CaeRcInmanTMnak;TmngCamYyPav³rs;KµanCIvit
]> sßanRbB½nb§ wgTenøsab sßan®bB½n§éRBeQItbM n;PñM
- mNÐlCIv³ CabNþúéM nsßanRbB½nT§ aMgGs;enAelIEpndI ¬mNÐlCIv³latsn§wgcab;BI)atsmuRTeRCA
bMput KWGnøg;m:arIy:an RbEvgRbmaN11KILÚEm:Rt nigkMBlU PñxM <s;bMputKWPñMeGevIers8848Em:Rt b¤
RbEhl9KILÚEm:Rt¦.
11> sarBagÁkayTaMgLaymanGnþrkmµCamYyKñadUcemþcxøHenAkñúgsßanRbB½n§?
sarBagÁkayTaMgLaymanGnþrkmµCamYyKñaenAkñgú sßanRbB½n§
- rMBaPaB ³ RbePTNamYYysIuRbePTNamYyeTot . ]> qµa sIu kNþúr ¬qµaCastVrMBa ÉkNþúrCarMBa¦
- brasitPaB ³ RbePTmYyrs;enAedayBwgEp¥kelIRbePTmYyeTot.
]> beBaØIrEk¥krs;enAelIedImsVay ¬beBaØrI Ek¥kCabrasit nigedImsVayCaFµÜl¦
- kardeNþIm ³ karRbECgKñaedIm,IrkcMNI CMrk karbnþBCU
]> man;deNþImcMNIEqá
-bnøm ³ RbePTmYyTajykRbeyaCn_EtRbePTmYyeTotmonmanplb:Hbal;GeVI T
]> b:RbkenAelIedImetñat
- shRbtibtþikar ³ RbePTBIrrs;enACamYyKñaTajplRbeyaCn_BIKñaeTAvijeTAmk
]> emGMe)A nigpáa xül; nigpáa
- RbCYy ³ RbePTBIrrs;enACamYyKñay:agCitsñitpþl;plRbeyaCn_eGayKñaeTAvijeTAmk
]> saraymIRkUTsSn_ nigpáafµ.
12> ExSGaharxusBIbNþajGahardUcemþc? cUrelI]ThrN_mkbBa¢ak;.
ExSGaharxusBIbNþajGahar
- ExSGahar ³ CalMhUrfamBlBIsarBagÁkaymYyeTAsarBagÁkaymYytamry³karsIut²Kña.
]> RsUv → kNþúr → Bs; → sÞagM →mnusS
- bNþajGahar ³ CabNþúMExSGahareRcInmanTMnakTMngKña.
]>
- s‘ulpYGuksIut³ SO SO 2 3
- GatUmGuksuIt ³ NO NO N O 2 2
- sarFatugayehIr³ N O CH CFC
2 4
- GUsUn
-TwkGuksIuEsnen
19> etIsarFatubMBulxül;manRbPBmkBINaxøH?
)anmkBIskmµPaBmnusS
- cMehHpUsIl\n§n³ ¬EdleRbIR)as;edayyanynþ¦
- kardutGus lamk karcMGinGahar
- karkab;éRB nigkardutéRB
- karciBa©wmstV
- kar)acCI
- kaeRbIR)as;sBavuFkñúgsRgÁam
smµPaBFmµCati
- ePøIgeqHéRB
- TwkCMnn; xül;BüúH
- bnÞHú PñMePøIg
- rBa¢ÜydI
20> etIkarbMBulxül;manTMnak;TMngdUcemþcCamYyGakasFatu?
enAeBléf¶sarFatubMBulecjBIkEnøgbMBulnanaehIyeLIgeTAelI edaysarEtxül;EdlenACitEpn
dIekþA. enAeBlyb;]sµ½nminGaceFVIclnaeLIgeTAelIx<s;)anedaysarPaBRtCak;énépÞdIekþAxül;
eGayRtCak;. dUcenHeBlyb;mankarbMBlu CageBléf¶.
21> etIktþaGVIxøHEdlkMNt;eRKaHfñak;dl;suxPaBmnusS?
ktþaEdlkMNt;eRKaHfñak;dl;suxPaBmnusS
- PaBBulrbs;sarFatubMBulxül;
- brimaNsarFatubMBlu xül; nigkMBs;bMBg;EpSg
- lkçN³briyakas ¬BüúH ePøóg yb; éf¶ ¦
- ry³eBlenACamYysarFatubMBulxül;
- cMgayBIRbPBbMBul
- Gayu nigsßanPaBsuxPaB ¬ekµg mnusScas;¦
22> etIePøógGasItu ekIteLIgdUcemþc?
ePøógGasIutekIteLIgenAeBlEdlmnusSeRbIR)as;pUsIu\n§n³ ¬enAkñgú eragcRk yanynþ >>>¦. SO 2
sresrsmIkaRbtikmµKimI³
CF Cl + mIBnøWRBHGaTitü → Cl + CClF
2 2 2
O3 + Cl → ClO + O2
ClO + O3 → Cl + 2O2
- GatUmCl GacbMpøaj;GUsUncab;BIrab;Ban; dl;rab;EsnmU:elKulGUsUn
- GatUmm:UNUGuksIutk¾mankarbMpøajGUsUnEdr bu:EnþkMriténkarbMpøajminxøaMgdUc CFCs eTedaysar
mU:elKul NO mYyGacbMpøajGUsUn)anEtmYym:eU lKulb:ueNÑaH. NO + O → NO + O
3 2 2
- ekItmharIkEs,k
- eFVIeGayb:HBal;dl;EPñk EPñkeLIgsac;duHb¤knøúyEføn RBil eLIg)ay. bBaðaenHbNþalmkBI
kaMrsµI UV-B .
28> etIeyIgKYreFVdI UcedIm,IkarBarRsTab;GUsUn?
viFEI dlbMput KWkarQb;plit nigQb;eRbIR)as;plitNaEdlmanpÞkú CFCs nig NO .
- enAqña1M 987 mankic©RBmeRBógmYyEdl)aneFVIeLIgenATIRkugm:ugerGalRbeTskaNada sþIBkI ar
kat;bnßy CFCs eGay)an50°Rtwmqña1M 998.
- nAqña1M 992 mansnñisTimYyeTotEdlBiPakSabBaða CFCs eFVeI LIgenATIRkug enAkñgú RbeTs
daNam:ak; manRbeTs 93 cUlrYm ehIymankarsnüadUcxageRkam ³
1 RKb;RbeTs]sSahkmµTaMgGs;RtUvEtQb;plit CFCs Rtwmqña1M 995 b:uEnþshrdæGaemricsnüa
Qb;plitenAqñaM20002
2 RbeTs]sSahkmµyl;RBmbegámUlniFIedIm,ICYyRbeTskMuBgu GPivDÆn_ eGayQb;eRbIplitpl
man CFCs
3 nigrUbFatuepSgeToEdlGacbMpøajRsTab;GUsUnk¾RtUv)aneKelIeLIgenAkñgú snisñ TiEdr.
29> plpÞHkBa©kC; aGI?V mantYnaTIGIxV øH?
plpÞHkBa©kC; a plkMedAEdl)ansÞak;TukedaypÞHkBa©k; b¤]sµn½ pÞHkBa©k;rbs;EpndI.
mantYnaTIdUcCa
- cab;ykkMedAeGaysißtenAkñúgpÞHkBa©k; b¤briyakasEpndI ebIKµa]sµ½npÞHkBa©ks; ItN
u ðPaBEpndI
nigFøak;cuH-10GgSa.
30> etI]sµn½ pÞHkB©ak;manGIVxøH? etImanGVeI kIteLIgRbsinebI]sµn½ pÞHkBa©k;ekIneLIg?
]sµ½npÞHkB©ak;man ³
- CO ³ 50°
2
- CH ³4
- CFCs ³
- NO ³
- O3 ³
ebI]sµ½npÞHkBa©ke; kIneLIgeFVIeGayman
- bERmbRmYlGakasFatu ³ eFVIeGaytMbn;xøHmaneRKaHraMgs¶Üt ÉtMbn;xøHTWkCMnn; rdUvmineTogTat;
stV nigrukçCati Bi)akrs;enA.
- kMeNInnIv:UsmuRT³ eFVIeGayliceqñreTscr xUcxatehdæarcnasm<n½ § dMNaMksikmµ nigb:HBal;dl;
sßanRbB½n§eqñr
- b:HBal;dl;ksikmµ ³ rdUvmineTogTat;pldMNaMksikmµ)anticeFVIeGaymankarkgVHes,óg
- b:HBal;dl;suxPaB nigsgÁm ³ eFVIeGaymankarpøas;bþÚrTIlMenA kMritCIvPaBRbCaCnmankarFøak;cuH
CamYyesdækic©RbeTs nigeFVIeGaymanGsnñsi uxsgÁmdUcCa RbCaCnmanCm¶W ecarkmµ eBsüacarü.
31> cUrBN’naBImUlehtuEdleFVeI GaymankarekIneLIgkemþAenAelIEpndI plb:HBal;EdlbNþal
mkBIkarekIneLIgénkemþA nigviFankaedIm,ITb;sáat;.
mUlehtuEdleFVIeGaymankarekIneLIgkemþAenAelIEpndIKW bNþalmkBIkarekIneLIgén]sµ½npÞH
kBa©k; CO CH CFCs NOx O EdlCalT§plénskmµPaBmnusS dUcCakarkab;éRBeQI
2 4 3
-GsnñisuxsgÁm³kMeNInRbCaCn)aneFVIeGaymankarb:HBal;Bal;dl;es,óg nigkMlaMgBlkmµEdl
GaceFVeI GaykMlaMgBlkmµeRcInhYsBItRmUvkarkargarEdlCaehtueFVIeGaymankarRbQmuxeTAnwg
esd§kic© ktþaenHnwgGaceFVeI GaymankarGsnñsi uxsgÁmekIteLIgdUcCa ecarkmµ eBsüacarü BBYkck;
»kas nigmanbBaðadl;neya)ay
-FøúHFøayRsTab;GUsnU ³edaysarkareRbI CFCs GUsUnmanbBaða ehIyvabgáreGaysøkw rukçCati dMNaM
GaharmankarxUc b¤rlYcedaykat;bnßykareFVIrsµIsMeyaK nigkarRsUbTwk eRBaHEtkMenInkaMrsµIsVay
G‘ulRta eFVIeGayCIvitenAelIEpndI)anvivtþedaybnSaMxøÜneTAnwgkaMrsµIsVayG‘ulRta kñúgkMritFmµCati
nig bNþaleGaymankarbBaðaRKb;Ebby:ag dl;karrs;enAelIEpndI.
37> tMbn;eqñrénRbeTskm<Cú aEckecjCab:nu nµa?mansar³sMxan;GVIxøHdl;esdækic©?
tMbn;eqñrénRbeTskm<úCaEckecjbI mansar³sMxan;dl;esdækic©dUcCa
- tMbn;eqñrpþl;esdækci ©dl;RbeTstamry³eFVvI arIvb,kmµERsGMbil
- tMbn;eqñrpþl;PaBsmrmüdl;esvadwkCBa¢Ún edaymankMBugEpsMrab;naMTMnijecj nigcUl)anl¥
- tMbn;eqñrGacbegáIt b¤eFVIkarGPivDÆ¥n_Rkug ehdæarcnasm<n½ §kñúgkarGPivDÆn_eTscrN_TaMgePJóvCati
nigGnþrCatid¾eRcInéRk
- tMbn;eqñrsMbUreTAedayFnFanFmµCatid¾RkaséRk EdlRbkbedayskþanuBlRTRTg;karGPivDÆn_
esdækic© nigCIvPaBRbCaCnenAkñgú kareFVIkarensaT enAtamtMbn;eqñr b¤tamBam
- nigCadIsMrab;eFVIksikmµEdlsMbUreTAedayCICati EdlgayeGayRbCaCn RbkmuxrbrdaMdNaM
)aneRcInRbePT.
38> snµtfa Gñkrs;enACittMbn;KMnsMramFMmYyEdlRtUv)anbegátI eLIgedayBMmu anbec©keTs nigBMu
mankarRKb;RKgeGay)anRtwmRtUv.
k> etIGñknwgTTYlrgnUvplb:HBal;GVxI øHBItMbn;sMramenaH?
x> etIGñkKitfaTIlancak;sMramEdlmanlkçN³bec©keTs nigb:HBal;dl;brisßantictUcbMputKYrEt
erobcMeLIgdUcemþc?
k> plb:HBal;BItMbn;KMnsMrammandUcCa
- xül;manCatiBuleFVIeGayb:HBal;dl;sxu PaB nigERbRbYlGakasFatu
- TwkelIdI nigeRkamdIGacRtUv)anbMBul
- bgáCaCm¶Wratt,attamry³stVdl;mnusS
- )at;bg;esaP½NÐPaB
- b:HBal;dl;suxPaBpøÚvcitþ
- eRKaHfñak;dl;stV nigrukçCati Edl)anciBa©wm b¤rs;enAEk,renaH.
x>TIlancak;sMramEdlmanlkçN³bec©keTs nigb:HBal;dl;brisßantictUcbMputKYrEterobcM karcak;
sMramRtUvenAeGayq¶ayBIkEnøgEdlmnusSrs;enAkareFVIeLIgtamlkçN³bec©keTsdUcKMrxU ageRkam
eKeFVIkarcak;sMNl;RbePTenHedIm,IkarBarbrisßanbMBul nigedIm,Iyk]sµn½ emtanBIkEnøgcak;sMNl;
enHmkplitGKÁsi nI. TwkEdlrMlaysarFatuBlu enAkñgú begáIt)anCa sUluysüúg EdlehA
faTwkelcecj. edIm,IeCosvagkMeu GayTwkecjenaHRCabcUleTAkñúgTwkeRkamdI eKRtUvRkalRsTab;
dInigrUbFatusMeyaKBIeRkam. TIEdllicecjRtUv)aneKbUmeLIgmkBI)atkEnøgTukdak; ehIyrkSa
Tukkñgú Gag enAeBlEdleKcak;sMNl;eBjeKRkalRsTab;dI\dæ xSac; RKYs nigdIBIelI. bnÞab;mk
eKdaMrukçCatiBIelIReyaCn_edIm,IeGayCYyRsUbyk TwkePøógGacbegáIt)anCaTwkelcecj nigbnßy
sMNkw . )ak;etrIminniymxSl;enAkñúgEpñkcak;sMram CaGñkbMEbksMNl; ehIyplitemtaeKbUm
ykTaMgenHedIm,IeRbIR)as;Ca\n§n³sMrab;tbY ‘UbInCnitaGKÁisnI.
39>etItMbn;karBarFmµCatiénRbeTskm<Cú amanGVxI øH?
tMbn;karBarFmµCatiénRbeTskm<Cú amandUcCa
- ]TüanCatiman
1 x<gr; abKirrI mü ¬extþkMBg;s<W¦
2 PñMbUkeKa ¬extþkMBt¦
3 Ekb ¬extþEkb¦
4 ram ¬extþRBHsIhnu¦
5 buTmsaKr ¬extþekaHkug¦
6 PñMKUEln ¬extþesomrab¦
7 vIr³C½y ¬extþrtnKIrI¦
- EdnCMrkstVéRBman
1 PñM»r:al;
2 BamRkesab
3 PñsM MkHu
4 rnamdUnsm
5 KUElnRBhµeTB
6 bwgEBr
7 LMpu at;
8 PñMRBic
9 PñMNamelor
10 sñlÚ
- tMbn;karBareTsPaB
1 GgÁr
2 bnÞayqµa
3 RBHvihar
- tMbn;eRbIR)as;eRcInCageK
1 dgEBg
2 sMLÚt
3 Tenøsab
40> karKMramkMEhgCIvcRmuHbNþalmkBIGxVI øH? cUrerobrab; nigBnül;.
bNþalmkskmµPaBmnusS nigskmµPaBFmµCati
1>kMenInénRbCaCn ³ enAeBlEdlkMenInRbCaCnx<s; bBaðaRbQmmuxd¾sMxan;mYyKW lMenAdæanrs;enA
nig es,óg edaykarTRnÞandIykmkeFVkI sikmµ EdlCaehtueFVIeGaymankarkab;bMpøajéRBeQI
eragcRk]sSahkmµ>>>.
-karkab;éRBlicTwk ³karkab;bMpøajéRBlicTwk)aneFVIeGaykabUnDIGuksIutmankarekIneLIgEdleFVI
eGayGuksIEu sn kñgú TwkmankarfycuH)at;CMrkmcäa karrkcMNI nigkarbnþBUC
- kareRbIR)as;sarFatuKImI ³ CI)ac; fñasM møab;stV RKab;pÞúHkñúgTwk ]bkrN_qkRtI
- karbgðrÚ sarFatuBulcUleTAkñúgTwk ³ eKhdæan erag mnÞeI BTü>>> kalNabgðÚrTwkcUreTAeFVIeGayTwk
manCatiBulehIysarFatumYycMnYncab;ykGuksIEu sn nigsarFatumYycMnYnmanRbtikmµCamYyTwk
sarFatumYyeTotGENþtenAelIépÞTwkEdlCaehtueFVeI GayTwk)at;bg;nUvGuksIuEsn nigBnøW Edl
GuksIEu snCadegðImrbs;mcäa nigBnøWCakareFVrI sµsI MeyaKrbs;rukçCati.
- karciBa©wmstV ³ karciBa©wmRtIedayB½n§Tenø bwg eFVICaLÚensaT)anb:HBal;dl;Civc®múHkñgú Twk
karciBa©wmstVedayeFVIksida§ nFM²
- kareRbIR)as;psU Ilu \n§n³ ]sµn½ EdlbeBa©jecal)anehIreLIgeTAelIeFVIeGaymankarekItnUvePøóg
GasIut ehIyFøak;mkelIEpndIEdlbgáreGaymanbBaðadl;Pavrs; nigPavrs;GacputBUC)an
2>bnÞHú PµeñM PøgI rBa¢ÜydI xül;BüúH ³ kalNaman)atuPUtTaMgenHekIteLIg CIvc®múHnwgTTYlbBaðay:agFM
edaykare)akbk; kMedAsItuNðPaB karpøas;bþÚrsNæandI eFVrI ukçCati nigmcäaCati )at;bg;niggab;)an .
41> lMhUrfamBlRbRBwtþeTAtamsßanRbB½n§edayrebobNa? etIktþakMNt;lMnwgénsßanRbB½n§man
GVxI øH? cUrBnül;.
sßanRbB½n§ CasMNMusarBagÁkaymanCIvit ¬stV rukçCati RkummIRkub¦ rYmCamYymCÄdæanmanCIvitEdl
manGMeBIrelIKñaeTAvijeTAmkrvagsarBagÁkayTaMgenaHCamYymCÄdæanmanCIvitrbs;vaEdlsßit
enAkEnøgNamYyEdlkMNt;. lMhUrfamBlRbRBwtþeTAtamsßanRbB½n§
- ExSGahar ³ CalMhUrfamBlBIsarBagÁkaymYyeTAsarBagÁkaymYytamry³karsIut²Kña.
]> RsUv → kNþúr → Bs; → sÞaMg → mnusS
- bNþajGahar ³ CabNþúMExSGahareRcInmanTMnakTMngKña.
]>