LEGA HAYI SSIP/Y/GULLELE DISTRICT FESEABILITY STUDY

Table of Contents
Executive summary................................................................................................................................... II
1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Objective of the study ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 General Objectives........................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Specific Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Description of the study area .............................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Scope................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 River Flow .......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.6 Design Flood....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.6.1 Design Rainfall Analysis ................................................................................................................. 4
1.6.1.1 Hydrologic Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.6.1.2 Unit hydrograph method ............................................................................................................... 5
1.7 Base flow .......................................................................................................................................... 13
1.8 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 14
1.9 Recommendation .............................................................................................................................. 14

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Executive summary
Lega Hayi project is found in Oromia Regional State north shoa Zone Y/Gullele district
Daleti na Rimeti, Illu na Dire and Kuchu na Tegego Kebeles. It is 8km far from Fital main
town of Y/Gullele district. The total catchment area of the project covers 11km2. As
understanding from elders, during the rainy season high flood and silt load is expected. At
downstream community is use for cattle.

At the proposed diversion site, lega hayi is very deep and need compaction during the
construction.

Design flood of project is done both by Unit hydrograph and slope area method. But we me
must be considering unit hydrograph =30m3/s at depth of 1.84m and EL. 2528.6m.

The base flow which measurement is taken by float method is about 14l/sec.

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1 Introduction
The purpose of hydrology study is to assess the water resource availability, extent and quality
for irrigation with respect to different conditions of metrological elements. And also the basic
knowledge of hydrology in irrigation project design and planning, construction of irrigation
structures, bridges, highway culverts, flood control works and spillways is a paramount impa-
tience.

In this study and design report of Hayi small scale irrigation project, the hydrologic study
conducted to provide valuable clues about the catchment’s behavior, climatic, water potential
etc of the project area in focus.

1.1 Objective of the study

1.1.1 General Objectives
The main objective of the hydrogeology study is together and analysis field and other hydro
Meteorological data necessary for design of the scheme to be implemented.
The analysis is aimed at determining flow of the river, construction of lined canals and
weir.

1.1.2 Specific Objectives

 To provide certain information on the water source (river) its time distribution to
satisfy the irrigation demand in the local situation is essential for the project.
 To assess the water resource availability, extent and quality of the water for irrigation.

1.2 Description of the study area

The area is on an average elevated to 2527m a.s.l, at target irrigable land and hence it can be
categorized under highland. The total catchment area covers 11km2. The land upstream of the
head work structure and command area is more prone to erosion because no protection works
seen. As understanding from elders, during the rainy season high flood and some silt load is
expected.

Hayi river is start in Y/Gulelle district and drains to mogor river and thus it is in Abay-basin.

The land use of the area is dominantly cultivated, grazing and others. The soil of the area is
dominantly both clay and silt (clay, clay to loam) and brownish red and red in color.

Summarized as follow:

1. Catchment area: 11km2

2. Upstream elevation: 2526.75m .a.m.s.l
3. Downstream elevation: 2937m. a.m.s.l
4. Mean annual rain fall:
5. Mean annual Temperature: 23oc

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6. The expected Maximum flow depth:

7. The obtained Discharge as measured on is about: 14 lt/sec
8. Discharge coefficient (85%)
1.3 Methodology
 -Using 1:50,000 topographic maps of the area and hand held GPS in the field
assessments.
 -Information and discussion with the elder groups of locally.
 -climatic data from the national methodological service Agency
 -Site surveys, X-section and L- sections of the river
 -Using guidelines and manuals related to the study

 Discussion with the Community

 Direct measurement & Observation

1.4 Scope
The scope of study is to study the basic hydro meteorological elements related to design of
Head structure, supply canal and other irrigation hydraulic infrastructure.

1.5 River Flow

Hayi River is a perennial river. The river is not gauged. Hence the study crew basically
focused on past information from elder group, site measurements, storm analysis and
slope area method for flood determination.

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Fig Watershed of hayi

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1.6 Design Flood

This is the highest flood expected in return period of design interest here 50 years
period is used for weir design. The catchment area is greater than 5.0km2, and thus
composite hydrograph method was adopted for analysis and the highest value was
adopted for design.

1.6.1 Design Rainfall Analysis

The daily maximum rainfall is to be used in the statistical analysis so as to predict the
point rainfall of the area for a recurrence interval of 50 years. Both the theoretical
probability distribution and their corresponding analytical methods are employed to
compute the point rain fall .To conduct this analysis rain fall data from representative
station is to be used. In doing so, as most of the watershed area is from the highlands
around Y/Gullele, daily maximum rainfall data is taken from Fital meteorological station
which is 8km far from site and tabulated in the following table.

Table1a Maximum daily rainfall data from Fital station

i) Composite Hydrograph Method

Record Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Daily
Max.(mm) 42 53 40.3 33.4 34.6 39.7 42.8 27.5 36.8

Record Year 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Daily
Max(mm) 38.6 33.7 57 73.7 49.6 39.6 38.6 46.1 52.3

Data from national meteorological service Agency

Stream Flow Data

The river in which the diversion is to be kept is with perennial flow upstream which is
not gauged. The stream flow contain springs which added to River at downstream of
diversion.

1.6.1.1 Hydrologic Analysis

The most important parameter in design of weir is that of the design flood of any return
period as the sensitivity of the structure. To compute the design flood for the weir a
daily maximum rainfall is used. The available record data is used to conduct analysis.

Design Rainfall estimation

After collection the daily max rainfall, the design rainfall for 50 years of return period is
to be computed using extreme value type I or Gumblel’s distribution. Gumblel’s
distribution is the method used for weir.

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Gumble –powell Method

Gumbrl’s distribution is the most widely used probability distribution function for
extreme values in hydrologic and meteorological studies for prediction of flood peaks.

The event X of return period T years is defined as XT

XT =Xav+S (0.78y-0.45)

Where Xav= number of all values of annual rain fall

S= standard deviation of the series

Thus S=√ [n/n-1∑Xm2 n –Xav2])

Where, n: number of years of record= number of values

Y=3.9 for 50 years return period (for weirs)

∑Xm2 =sum of the squares of n values of Xm

N=18

Xav= ∑Xm/n=43.18

Xav2=1864.8

∑Xm2=35478.99

So that S=√ [n/n-1∑Xm2 /n –Xav2])

=14.4

XT =Xav+S (0.78y-0.45) =51.15+18.25(0.78y-0.45)

=76.45

Statistics:

Mean of data = 43.18mm

Standard deviation = 14.4

50 years recurrence interval storm = 76.0 mm take 76.0mm by Gumbel's frequency

analysis.

1.6.1.2 Unit hydrograph method

Taking the nearest metrological station of Fital for the rainfall data the peak flood
computation is shown in the table below

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A summarized Gumble- powell’s table

No Designation /Formula/ Symbol Unit Value

Area of the catchment measured from 1:250,000

1 A Km2
topographic map of aerial photo
11
Length of main water course b/n H1&H2 L1 m 3908
2
Total length L m 3908
3 Level of head of main water course H1 m 2937.00
Level of lower main water course (at Diversion) H2 m 2526.75
4 Slope of main water course S1=[H1-H2]/L1 S1 m 0.104978
Time of Concentration ,TC1=1/3000(L1/(S1)1/2 )0.77 TC1 hr 0.46
Time of Concentration ,TC=TC1+Tc2+TC3+TC4+TC5 TC hr 0.46
6 Rain fall excess duration, D= TC/6 D hr 0.10
7 Time to peak Tp=0.5D+0.6TC Tp hr 0.33
8 Time of base of hydrograph Tb=2.67Tp Tb hr 0.88
9 Lag time of Tl=0.6TC Tl hr 0.28

Peak rate of discharge created by 1mm RF excess on

m3/s/m
10 whole of the catchment Qp=0.21*QA/Tp Qp 7.05
m
,Qp=1mm(assumed)

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11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Daily
point

Rearranged Order
Area Rearr

Descending Order
Rainfa Incre
Rain to anged Cumul Time of Incremental unit
ll of Rainfa Areal ment
Duratio Fall Point Incre ative hydrograph
Retur ll Rainfa al
n Profil Rainf mental Rain
n Profile ll Rainf
e all Rainfa fall
period all
Ratio ll
Of 100
year

hr mm % mm % mm mm No No mm mm hr hr hr
0 to
76.00 12.0 9.12 36.6 3.34 3.34 4 6 3.79 3.79 0 0.33 0.88
0.1
0.1 to
18.4 13.98 50.6 7.08 3.74 3 4 2.18 5.97 0.10 0.43 0.98
0.2
0.2 to
21.0 15.96 60.4 9.64 2.56 5 3 2.56 8.53 0.20 0.53 1.08
0.3
0.3
23.0 17.48 67.6 11.82 2.18 4 1 3.34 11.87 0.30 0.63 1.18
to0.4
0.4
33.4 25.38 72.6 18.43 6.61 3 2 3.74 15.61 0.40 0.73 1.28
to0.5
0.5 to
39.0 29.64 75.0 22.22 3.79 2 5 6.61 22.22 0.50 0.83 1.38
0.6

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25 26 27 28 29 30
Area Hydro Sum
Land use Curve Weighted
Ratio soil Weighted
Cover No”CN” “CN”
% group “CN”

Cultivated 43.8 Good 78 34.164 AMC CN

grazing land 44.60 fair 79 35.234

Forest land 6 fair 76 4.56 II 77.603
residential
4.50 81 3.645
area
OTHERS 1.10 Good III
88
Designation
Symbol Unit Magnitude/Value/
No /Formula/

S is maximum potential difference between rainfall

(P) and direct runoff(Q) which is S mm 34.64
S=(25400/CN)-254

31

Relation between direct Runoff( Q) and Rainfall (P),

Q mm P-0.2*S
Q=(P-0.2*S) 2/P+0.8S

32
Using Q= (P-
0.2*S)
2
/(P+0.8*S),it
33 is possible to C=21 C=33
define the
direct run off
Q,(mm)

Q
P (mm)
(mm)
3.79 0.00 0.00
5.97 0.00 0.00
8.53 0.00 0.00
11.87 0.62 4.94
15.61 1.74 8.68
22.22 4.68 15.29

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34 35 36 37 38 39

Peak Time of Time Composite

Duratio Cumulativ Incrementa Time to
Runof beginnin to Hydrograp
n e l end
f g peak h

Hr mm mm M3/s Hr Hr Hr f(t)=Q
0 to 0.1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.33 0.88
0.1 to
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.43 0.98
0.2
0.2 to
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.53 1.08
0.3
0.3 to0.4 0.62 0.62 4.35 0.30 0.63 1.18
0.4 to0.5 1.74 1.12 7.91 0.40 0.73 1.28
0.5 to
2.94 20.75 0.50 0.83 1.38
0.6 4.68

Unit Hydrograph
1 2 3 4 5 6
to 0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
Qo 0 0 0 0 0 0
tp 0.33 0.43 0.53 0.63 0.73 0.83
20.7
Qp 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.35 7.91 5
tb 0.88 0.98 1.08 1.18 1.28 1.38
Qo' 0 0 0 0 0 0
3
Time(hr) Ordinate of Hydrograph(m /s) Total
1 2 3 4 5 6
0 0.00 0
0.10 0.00 0 0
0.20 0.00 0 0.00 0
0.30 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0
0.40 0.00 0 0.00 1.33 0.00 1
0.33 0.00 0 0.00 0.37 -1.74 -1
0.50 0.00 0 0.00 2.65 2.41 0.00 5
0.43 0.00 0 0.00 1.69 0.67 -4.57 -2
0.53 0.00 0 0.00 3.02 3.08 1.76 8
0.63 0.00 0 0.00 4.35 5.50 8.09 18
0.73 0.0 0 0.00 3.55 7.91 14.42 26
0.83 0.0 0 0.0 2.8 6.46 20.75 30
0.88 0.0 0 0.0 2.4 5.78 18.95 27
0.98 0 0.0 1.6 4.33 15.16 21
1.08 0.0 0.8 2.89 11.37 15
1.18 0.0 1.44 7.58 9
1.28 0.00 3.79 4
1.38 0.00 0

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UNIT HYDROGRAPH

35

30
DISCHRGE (m3/s)

25

20

15

10

0
0 1 2
TIME (hr)

Peak discharge by unit hydrograph method = 30m3/s at depth of 1.84m depth and
elevation of 2528.6m

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Hayi Rating curve of the river

cross-section of the hayi river

Accumulat
ed Elevation
X Y Distance Depth Auto CAD
Point ID Distance (Z)
(East) (North) (m) (m) (x,y)
(Width) (m)
(m)
455771.76
RCX 0+00 0 0,0
7 1062933.2 0 0 2529.154
455767.81 3950.73575423191,-
RCX 0+03.95 -0.150
9 1062933.4 3.95 3.95 2529.004 150.000000000091
455763.80 7967.50024823207,-
RCX 0+07.97 -0.241
5 1062933.5 4.02 7.97 2528.913 240.999999999985
455759.83 11936.260760037,-
RCX 0+11.94 -0.460
9 1062933.7 3.97 11.94 2528.694 460.000000000036
455755.92 15853.9450249876,-
RCX 0+15.85 -1.359
4 1062933.8 3.92 15.85 2527.795 1358.99999999992
455752.99 18785.9717983982,-
RCX 0+18.79 -1.646
4 1062933.9 2.93 18.79 2527.508 1646.00000000019
455747.00 24781.1206705914,-
RCX 0+24.78 -1.083
3 1062934.1 6.00 24.78 2528.071 1083.00000000008
455743.94 27840.2455454768,-
RCX 0+27.84 -0.882
6 1062934.3 3.06 27.84 2528.272 882.000000000062
455740.05 31730.9112982558,-
RCX 0+31.73 -0.698
8 1062934.4 3.89 31.73 2528.456 697.999999999865
455736.05 35733.6854612574,-
RCX 0+35.73 -0.399
8 1062934.6 4.00 35.73 2528.755 398.999999999887
455732.01 39778.4677792691,-
RCX 0+39.78 -0.095
6 1062934.7 4.04 39.78 2529.059 94.9999999997999
43733.2007664575,
RCX 0+43.73 455728.06 0.234
233.999999999924
4 1062934.9 3.95 43.73 2529.388
↑

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2. Discharge of the river

Slope 0.013
Coefficient of Roughness 0.04

Note ; Water
Wetted Hydra
Water Dischar area and
Elevation Depth Perimet ulic velocity Wetted
area ge
(m) (m) er radius (m/s) Perimeter
(m2) (m3/s) calculated by
(m) (m) Auto CAD
2526.747 0 0 0 0 0 0
2527 0.253 0.59 10.302 0.06 0.42 0.25
2528 1.253 12.859 38.99 0.33 1.36 17.50
2529 2.253 26.777 78.6680 0.34 1.39 37.21
2529.172 2.425 28.9003 87.0230 0.33 1.37 39.51 Flood mark

2529.388 2.641 31.5685 92.7100 0.34 1.39 43.88

Rating curve
2530.000

2529.500
2529.388
2529.172
2529.000 2529
Elevation(m)

2528.500

2528.000 2528

2527.500

2527.000 2527
2526.747
2526.500
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Discharge(m3/s)

Discharge by slope area method = 39.51m3/s at depth of 2.425 and EL. 2529.172m

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1.7 Base flow

Accordingly, the combined flow discharge in the river course of Hayi stream has been
obtained as close to 14/sec excluding the probable subsurface flow through the gravel
river course formation.
Base flow for the River as measured in float method is used as design flow

Section -1, length one (L1 = 2m)

no. width (m) depth time volume discharge

(m) (sec.) (m3) (M3/sec.)
1 0.65 0.078 5.5 0.1014 0.0184
2 0.58 0.065 6 0.0754 0.0126
3 0.7 0.08 6.5 0.112 0.0172
Average 0.643 0.074 6.000 0.096 0.016

Section -2, length two (L2 = 2m)

no. width (m) depth time volume discharge

(m) (sec.) (m3) (M3/sec.)
1 0.57 0.07 5.6 0.0798 0.01425
2 0.6 0.073 6 0.0876 0.01460
3 0.65 0.08 5 0.104 0.02080
Average 0.6067 0.0743 5.5333 0.0905 0.0163

Section -3, lengththree (L3 = 2m)

no. width (m) depth time volume discharge

(m) (sec.) (m3) (M3/sec.)
1 0.67 0.06 6 0.0804 0.01340
2 0.7 0.07 5.5 0.098 0.01782
3 0.8 0.065 5 0.104 0.02080
Average 0.7233 0.0650 5.5 0.094133 0.01712

. . . ( /
Qav =

multiply by 85%, Qav = 0.01647*0.85 m3/sec. = 0.014m3/sec = 14l/sec.

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1.8 Conclusion
Design flood of project is done both by Unit hydrograph and slope area method. But we me
must be considering unit hydrograph =30m3/s at depth of 1.84m and EL. 2528.6m.

The base flow which measurement is taken by float method is about 14l/sec

1.9 Recommendation
At the proposed diversion site, lega hayi is very deep and need compaction during the
construction.

Upstream of the proposed site, there is FTC station. The water use for this station must be
release to hayi project

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