ACTUATOR

ACTUATOR PADA
PADA MOBIL INJEKSi
INJE KSi

MAKALAH
UNTUK MEMENUHI TUGAS MATAKULIAH
Autotronik
Yang di bina oleh Bapak Fuad

leh !
M" Sur#aningrat $%&'&%()'**(+,
-io Setiadi $%&'&%()''%'.,
-i/k#
-i/k# Arie0
Arie0 1har2a3an
1har2a3an $%&'&%()'%('+
$%&'&%()'%('+,,

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG

FAKULTAS
FAKULTAS TEKNI
T EKNIK
K
JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN
Maret 2017
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A R!"!
R!"!#a
#a$
$ Ma#a
Ma#a%a
%a&
&
Berda4
Berda4aka
akan
n latar
latar belaka
belakang
ng #ang
#ang telah
telah diru2
diru2u4k
u4kan
an dapat
dapat dia2bil
dia2bil 4ebuah ru2u4an
ru2u4an
2a4alah 4ebagai berikut"
%" Bagai2anakah
Bagai2anakah pengertian
pengertian 4e5ara 4ederhana
4ederhana dari a5tuator6
a5tuator6
7" Apa 4a8akah
4a8akah 2a5a2
2a5a2 dari
dari a5tuator
a5tuator dan bagai2a
bagai2ana
na 5ara ker8an#a6
ker8an#a6

B" T!
T!'!a$
'!a$ Ma#a%a&
Ma# a%a&
Berda4
Berda4ark
arkan
an ru2u4an
ru2u4an 2a4alah
2a4alah #ang
#ang ada dua 2aka
2aka dapat
dapat dia2bil
dia2bil 4ebuah
4ebuah tu8uan
tu8uan
2a4alah #aitu 4ebagai berikut"
%" 1apat 2en8ela4kan
2en8ela4kan tentang
tentang pengertian
pengertian 4ederhana
4ederhana dari
dari a5tuator"
a5tuator"
7" 1apa
1apatt 2en8
2en8el
ela4
a4ka
kan
n dan
dan 2en8
2en8ab
abar
arka
kan
n 2a5a
2a5a29
292a
2a5a
5a22 dari
dari a5tu
a5tuat
ator
or dan
dan 8uga
8uga
0ung4in#a dan 5ara ker8an#a"
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A Pe$(e
Pe$(ert
rtia$
ia$ A)t!
A)t!at*
at*rr
1ala2 4ite2 in8eki ada tiga ko2ponen uta2a #aitu 4en4or: E;U dan A5tuator" 1i2ana
4en4or 2e2ba5a 4e2ua keadaan dan kondi4i 2e4in entah dala2 keadaan 2e4in pana4 atau
pun dingin: keadaan 2e4in 4eddang terbebani
ter bebani atau tidak dan 8uga
8 uga ke5epatan berapa engine
4edang be8alan" <e2ba5aan dari 4en4or ter4enbut akan diteri2a oleh E;U 4etelah ada
in0or24i dan peneri2a in0or2a4i #ang terakir adalah pelaku atau aktuator: 8adi beker8an#a
aktuator di4ini berda4arkan perintah dari E;U"

B Je$i#
Je$i# + 'e$i#
'e$i# A)t!a
A)t!at*r
t*r
Adapun =eni4 > 8eni4 aktuator adalah 4ebagai berikut"
1 I$'e)t*r
In8ektor
In8ektor ber0ung4i
ber0ung4i 2en#e2protkan
2en#e2protkan ben4in 2enu8u
2enu8u engi
engin
n untuk di5a2pur dengan
udara" Agar ben4in 2udah ber5a2pur dengan udara 2aka ben4in dikabutkan dengan halu4
4ehingga
4ehingga 2udah berubah 2en8adi uap $A0i#anto:
$A0i#anto: 7'%)!7*,"
7'%)!7*," Si4te2 ker8a dari in8ektor
dikont
dikontrol
rol oleh
oleh E;U #ang
#ang ber0un
ber0ung4i
g4i 2eneri2
2eneri2aa 4in#al
4in#al dari
dari bebera
beberapa
pa 4en4or
4en4or:: 4ehing
4ehingga
ga
in8ektor dapat beker8a untuk 2e2enuhi kebutuhan ker8a 2e4in"

Ga2bar %" Kon4truk4i In8ektor

Keterangan!
1. Pintle
7" Needle Valve
Valve
(" <lunger
?" <ega4
&" Ku2p
Ku2par aran
an Sele
Seleno
noid
id
)" Ter2in
r2inal@
al@ko
kone
nekt
ktor
or
*" Stainer/4aringan
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Ga2bar 7" Kon4truk4i In8ektor pada Sepeda Motor

Kon4truk4i In8ektor dan 5ara ker8a pada u2u2n#a 4a2a: han#a pene2patan #ang
berbeda" In8ektor dapat dite2patkan di kedaraan 2obil dan 4epeda 2otor #ang
berteknologi baru dengan 4i4te2 ker8a dikontrol oleh E;U" Si4te2 ker8a dari in8ektor
adalah
adalah ketika
ketika kun5i
kun5i kontak
kontak off 2aka tidak ada aru4 #ang 2engalir 2enu8u ku2paran
4elenoid: 4ehingga in8ektor tidak dapat 2en#e2protkan bahan bakar" Apabila kendaraan
2ulai dihidupkan: 2aka E;U 2eneri2a signal dari 4en4or #ang akan 2engontrol in8ektor"
In8ektor
In8ektor #ang 2eneri2a
2eneri2a signal dari E;U dan diteri2a
diteri2a oleh ku2paran 4elenoid:
4elenoid: plunger
akan
akan tertari
tertarik
k 2ela3a
2ela3an
n pega4"
pega4" Needle valve dan
dan plunger 2erupakan 4atu unit: 4ehingga
needle valve akan ikut tertarik dan bahan bakar akan diin8ek4ikan
diin8ek4ikan 2elalui pintle $u8ung
in8ektor,"
in8ektor," <engaturan olu2e
olu2e pengin8ek4i
pengin8ek4ian
an bergantung
bergantung terhadap la2an#a
la2an#a signal #ang
dikiri2 oleh E;U"

Ga2bar (" Start Injector

2. Igni
Igniti
tion
on Con
Contr
trol
ol Sys
Syste
tem
m ,C*i% Pe$(a-ia$.
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Ignition Control System $;oil <engapian, ber0ung4i untuk 2ena2bah ke2a2puan

2e4in dengan 3aktu pengapian dikontrol oleh E;U berda4arkan signal #ang diberikan dari
beberapa 4en4or"
Ta/e%
Ta/e% 1 Ta/e%
Ta/e% a)t! Pe$(a-ia$
Pe$(a -ia$

Tu8uan pengontrolan 2e4in pada 4i4te2 pengapian adalah 2e2berikan pengapian

#ang opti2al hingga ter5apai tor4i #ang 2ak4i2u2: e2i4i ga4 buang #ang rendah: irit
bahan bakar: dan pengendalian #ang baik 4erta 2e2ini2alkan engine #a
#ang knock
$Suti2an:7''&!7*,.
$Suti2an:7''&!7*,. Adapu
Adapun
n pengga
pengga2ba
2baran
ran 2etode
2etode perhit
perhitung
ungan
an untuk
untuk ignition
ignition timing
timing
adalah 4ebagai berikut"
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La2a
La2an#
n#aa ku2p
ku2par
aran
an pri2
pri2er
er coil ignition
ignition 2endap
2endapat
at aru4
aru4 dapat
dapat 2e2pen
2e2pengar
garuhi
uhi
kualita4 dari tegangan #ang diha4ilkan: 4ehingga 2e2butuhkan pengontrolan 3aktu dan
be4arn#a aru4 #ang 2engalir" <en#aluran aru4 berda4arkan signal putaran 2e4in $-<M,
dan tegangan batrai" Adapun 8eni4 pengapian pada EFI adalah 4ebagai berikut"
a" Si4te
Si4te2
2 <enga
<engapia
pian
n 1i4tri
1i4tribu
buto
torr
<ada 4i4te2 pengapian di4tributor 2erupakan perke2bangan dari 4i4te2 pengapian
konen4ional" <ada 4i4te2 8eni4 ini terdapat 4atu coil #ang 2ela#ani 4e2ua 4ilinder"

Ga2bar &" Ske2a Ker8a System <engapian dengan ;ontrol Unit

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Ga2bar )" Ignition Control System

;ara ker8a dari 4i4te2 pengapian dari Ga2bar &" Ske2a Ker8a System <engapian
dengan
dengan ;ontro
;ontroll Unit
Unit #aitu
#aitu dengan
dengan 5ara 2e2ber
2e2berika
ikan
n aru4
aru4 2enu8u
2enu8u po3er
po3er tran4i
tran4i4tor
4tor::
4ehingga 2e2beri ke4e2patan bagi rangkaian pri2er ignition coil untuk 2e2buat induk4i"
Si4te2 ker8a pada 2odul ini ha2pir 4a2a dengan 4i4te2 konen4ional" <erbedaann#a
terdapat pada 3aktu pe2bentukan 2edan 2agnet dikontrol oleh E;U"
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Ga2bar *" Si4te2 <engapian 1i4tributor

b" Si4te2 <engapian "roup
<ada
<ada 4i4te2
4i4te2 pengap
pengapian
ian group terdapat pengapian 4e5ara group 8ika dilihat dari
2obil ? 4ilinder #aitu 4ilinder %? dan 4ilinder 7( pengapian 2en#ala ber4a2aan group"
group"
=ika dilihat dari 2obil ) 4ilinder #aitu 4ilinder %): (?: dan 7& penngapian 2en#ala
ber4a2aan 4e5ara group 4etiap langkah ko2pre4i dan buang.
buang .

Ga2bar +" Si4te2 <engapian "roup

Si4te2 ker8a dari penggapian group #aitu ketika igniter 2eneri2a aru4 dari E;U
2aka dapat 2e2berikan ke4e2patan pada ignition coil untuk 2e2buat induk4i" Tegangan
dan aru4 ha4il induk4i dapat 2engalir dari ku2paran 4ekunder 2enu8u pada bu4i dan
ter8adi pengapian 4e5ara group pada langkah ko2pre4i dan buang"
5" Si4te
Si4te2
2 <eng
<engapi
apian
an Ind
Indi
iid
idual
ual
<ada 4i4te2 pengapian indiidual coil dipa4ang pada 4etiap 4ilinder: 4ehingga pada
2e4in
2e4in ) 4ilinde
4ilinderr terdapa
terdapatt ) buah
buah coil dan 2e4in
2e4in ? 4ilind
4ilinder
er terdapat
terdapat ? buah
buah coil" Se5ara
indiidu:
indiidu: tiap 4ilinder
4ilinder 2e2pun#ai
2e2pun#ai ignition coil: 4ehingga pengapian #ang diha4ilkan akan
2en8adi lebih baik dala2 pe2bakaran didala2 4ilinder: 2enghe2at bahan bakar: dan
2eningkatkan tor4i 2e4in"
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Ga2bar ." Si4te2 <engapian Indiidual

Ga2bar %'" ;ontoh <engapian Indiidual

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 T&er
&er"*#
"*#tat

Fung4i Ther2o4tat #aitu untuk 2engendalikan 4uhu 2e4in hingga 2en5apai

4uhu ker8a" Te2peratur 5airan pendingin tergantung dengan 2e4in" <ada u2u2n#a
e0i4ien4i opera4i 2e4in #ang tertinggi: adalah bila te2peraturn#a kira9kira pada +' C; 9 .'
C; $%*) > %.? CF," Sangat
Sangat penting
penting 4ekali bah3a te2peratur
te2peratur #ang 5epat 2en5apai
2en5apai
bata4 opti2al $#ang paling baik, 4e5epat 2ungkin 4etelah 2e4in hidup" <ana4n#a
$4uhun#a, tidak boleh 2enurun: teruta2a dala2 2e4in dingin" Ther2o4tat diran5ang:
untuk 2e2pertahank
2e2pertahankan
an te2peratur
te2peratur 5airan pendingin
pendingin dala2 bata4 #ang dii/inkan"
dii/inkan"
Ther2o4tat adalah 4e2a5a2 katup #ang 2e2buka dan 2enutup 4e5ara oto2ati4
4e4uai te2peratur 5airan pendingin" Ther2o4tat dipa4ang antara radiator dan 4irkuit
pendingin 2e4in" Bila te2peratur pendingin rendah": katup 2enutup untuk 2en5egah agar
air tidak 2a4uk ke radiator" Bila te2peratur 2eningkat katup akan 2e2buka dan dengan
de2ikian 5airan pendingin akan 2engalir ke radiator"
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2engali
2engalirka
rkan
n air dari
dari 4i4te2
4i4te2 pendin
pendingin
gin 4aat 2ena2b
2ena2bahk
ahkan
an 5airan
5airan pendin
pendingin
gin ke dala2
dala2
4i4te2"
 Ki-a
Ki-a## Pe$
Pe$3i
3i$(
$(i$
i$

-adiator didinginkan oleh udara luar" Tetapi pendinginn#a belu2lah 5ukup

bila kendaraan tidak bergerak" Kipa4 pendingin $5ooling 0an, bertu8uan untuk
2ena2bah pendinginan" Kipa4 pendingin dite2patkan di belakang radiator" Kipa4
pendingin digerakkan oleh poro4 engkol 2elalui tali kipa4 $belt, atau dengan 2otor
li4trik"
a" Si4te2
Si4te2 Kipa4
Kipa4 <endi
<endingi
ngin
n #ang
#ang digerak
digerakkan
kan oleh
oleh Belt
Belt
Kipa4 pendingin 8eni4 ini digerakkan teru492eneru4 oleh poro4 engkol 2elalui tali
kipa4" Ke5epatan kipa4 berubah 4e4uai dengan ke5epatan 2e4in dan hal ter4ebut
belu2 5ukup be4ar: ketika 2e4in berputar la2bat" Bila 2e4in berputar pada ke5epatan
tinggi: kipa4 8uga berputar dengan 5epat dan putaran ini 2ena2bah tahanan pada 4aat #ang
4a2a" Ini 2en#ebabkan kehilangan tenaga dan 2eni2bulkan bun#i pada kipa4" Kopling
0luida $4ealed 4ili5one oil, bia4an#a dipa4angkan antara po2pa air dan kipa4 pendingin
untuk 2engata4i
2engata4i proble2
proble2 4eperti ter4ebut
ter4ebut di ata4" Tali kipa4 penggerak
penggerak kipa4
pendingin digerakkan oleh 9belt
9belt atau tali kipa4 #ang bergigi"
bergigi"
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pendingin" Kipa4 pendingin han#a beker8a bila dibutuhkan" Ini berarti bah3a 2e4in
dapat 2en5apai te2peratur opera4i #ang opti2al dengan lebih 5epat" Selain itu 8uga
2e2bantu 2engurangi penggunaan ben4in: dan bun#i kipa4"

Ga2bar %?" Kipa4 <endingi Motor Li4trik

4 EGR
EG- adalah
adalah 4uatu
4uatu 4i4te2
4i4te2 pada
pada kendar
kendaraan
aan #ang
#ang ber0un
ber0ung4i
g4i untuk
untuk 2engur
2engurang
angii
4ub4tan4i ND pada ga4 buang" ND pada ga4 buang kendaraan akan 2eningkat 4eiring
kenaikan te2peratur di dala2 ruang bakar 4eperti 2i4aln#a ketika 2e4in berak4elera4i
atau ketika 2e4in 2endapat beban berat" <ada te2peratur tinggi: 4ebagian N7 $nitrogen,
bereak4i dengan 7 $ok4igen, dan 8adilah ND" ND berbaha#a bagi ke4ehatan 2anu4ia:
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Ga2bar %&" EG-

<ada 4i4te2 EG-: 8u2lah ga4 buang #ang akan di4irkula4ikan ke2bali dikontrol
oleh EG- a5uu2 2odulator" Ini diperlukan karena tekanan pada katup buang beraria4i
beebrapa 22Hg di ata4 dan di ba3ah tekanan atr2o40ir #ang dina2akan dengan
pul4ation4"
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buang #ang di4irkula4ikan dala2 8u2lah be4ar" Ketika ND dala2 ga4 buang rendah dan
te2peratur ruang bakar 8uga rendah: 2aka tidak diperlukan lagi 4i4te2 EG-" 1an oleh
karena itu ketika adan#a 4i4te2 EG- 8u4tru 2enurunkan per0or2a 2e4in: 2aka 4e5ara
oto2ati4 4i4te2 EG- akan di4top oleh TS"
TS"
5 TVSV ,T&e
,T&er"*#t
r"*#tati6
ati6 Va6
Va6!!"
!!" Sit6&i$
Sit6&i$(
( Va
Va%8e.
TS adalah alat pe2indah keaku2an dari 4atu rangkaian ke rangkaian lain
4e4uai dengan te2peratur pendingin 2e4in" ;ara ker8a dari TS adalah 4ebagai berikut!

Ga2bar %*" TS

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Ga2bar %+" EG- Me4in Karburator

Ketika 2e4in dingin $te2peratur pendingin di ba3ah &' dera8at,: 4aluran = dan M di
2ana TS dihubungkan: 4ehingga udara akan 2engalir dari = ke M 2elalui TS" Udara
luar akan 2a4uk 2elalui = ke TS 2ele3ati 4aluran M dan 5he5k ale #ang terletak
pada bagian ata4 EG- #ang akan 2enutup katup untuk tetap 2enutup"
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Ga2bar 7'" EG- Me4in <ana4

<ada
<ada 4aat
4aat in keku
kekuata
atan
n aku
aku2
2 #ang
#ang ke EG-
EG- al
alee diatu
diaturr oleh
oleh EG-
EG- aku
aku2
2
2odulator 4e4uai dengan beban kendaraan: dengan aliran! aku2 dari EG- port akan
2a4uk ke 4aluran < #ang ada pada EG- 2odulator: dan pada 4aat itu ga4 buang akan
2a4uk ke ruang A" Ketika beban 2e4in ringan: aku2 pada intake 2ani0old 2en8adi kuat:
na2un tekanan ga4 buangn#a rendah" 1an pada kondi4i ter4ebut 4etelah udara 2ele3ati
0ilter: akan 2a4uk ke EG- 2odulator antara 4aluran < dan  4ehingga ketegangan aku2
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<o2pa bahan bakar atau dikenal 8uga dengan na2a Fuel Pump adalah 4alah 4atu
ko2p
ko2pon
onen
en da
dala2
la2 4i
4i4te
4te2
2 ba
baha
han
n ba
baka
karr pa
pada
da 4ebuah kendaraan atau 2e4in pe2b
pe2bakaran
akaran
dala2 la
lain
inn#
n#a"
a" Se
Seba
bagi
gian
an 2e
2e4i
4in
n ti
tida
dak
k 2e
2e2e
2erl
rluk
ukan
an po
po2p
2paa ba
baha
han
n ba
baka
karr ka
kare
rena
na da
dari
ri
de4ainn
de4ainn#a
#a dan den
dengan
gan gra
grait
ita4i:
a4i: bah
bahan
an bak
bakar
ar aka
akan
n 2en
2engal
galir
ir den
dengan
gan 4en
4endiri
dirin#
n#aa dal
dala2
a2
4i4te
4i4te2
2 ba
baha
han
n ba
baka
karn#
rn#a"
a" Se
Seba
bagi
gian
an #a
#ang
ng lai
lainn
nn#a
#a ha
haru
ru44 2e
2eng
nggu
gunak
nakan
an po
po2p
2paa un
untu
tuk
k
2eng
2engali
alirk
rkan
an ba
baha
han
n ba
baka
karr dari tan
tangki
gki bah
bahan
an bak
bakar
ar" <ad
<adaa 2e4
2e4in
in den
dengan
gan 2en
2enggu
ggunak
nakan
an
karburator: u2u2n#a 2enggunakan po2pa 2ekani4 bertekanan rendah #ang terpa4ang di
luar tangki bahan bakar: 4edangkan 2e4in dengan in8ek4i bahan bakar: 4ebagian 2e2iliki 7
2a5a2 po2pa dala2 4i4te2 pen#aluran bahan bakarn#a:
a" <o2p
<o2paa bahan bakar
bakar tekanan
tekanan 4edang@
4edang@olu2e
olu2e be4ar
be4ar di tangki
tangki atau lebih
lebih dikenal
dikenal dengan
dengan
na2aa Fue
na2 Fuell <u2
<u2p"
p" <o2
<o2pa
pa ini ber
ber0un
0ung4i
g4i unt
untuk
uk 2en#
2en#upl
uplai
ai keb
kebutu
utuhan
han dal
dala2
a2 4i4t
4i4te2
e2
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Ga2bar 7%" $%ut

$%ut tank,
1idala2 po2pa bahan bakar 8uga terdapat beberapa ko2ponen
ko2ponen uta2a agar bahan
bakar ditekan 2enu8u ke in8e5tor dan 8uga tekanann#a 4upa#a tidak berlebihan berikut
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Ga2bar 77"Ko2ponen <o2pa

a. Impeler Pump
Terdiri dari 4atu atau dua i2peller #ang diputar oleh 2otor: 5a4ing dan pu2p 5oer
ter4u4un 2en8adi 4atu unit" Bila 2otor berputar 2aka i2peller akan ikut berputar" Bilah
pada bagian luar i2peller 2enghi4ap ben4in dari 4aluran 2a4uk dan didorong keluar
2elalui 4aluran keluar" Ben4in #ang dikeluarkan dari 4aluran keluar akan 2elalui 4ekitar
2otor $2otor terenda2 ben4in, dan dialirkan keluar dari po2pa 2elalui 5hek ale"
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ale akan terbuka bila tekanan ben4in #ang dikeluarkan po2pa lebih dari ):' kg@527
$+&:
$+&:(
( p4i@
p4i@&+
&++:
+:?
? kpa,
kpa,"" Ben4
Ben4in
in #ang
#ang dike
dikelu
luar
arka
kan
n 2elal
2elalui
ui relie
relie00 al
alee akan
akan lang
lang4u
4ung
ng
dike2balikan lagi ke tangki ben4in"

Ga2bar 7&" $-elie0 ale,

Kondi4i Ker8a Fuel <u2p Beker8an#a 0uel pu2p dikontrol oleh E;U@E;M" Ada (
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e" irin
iring
g 1iag
1iagra2
ra2 Fuel
Fuel <u2
<u2p
p o00
o00
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%" +atup ISC

7" -C
(" +atup "as
?" Saluran &ypas
Putaran Idel akan diatur &ila terjadi
terjadi e&an0&e&an antara lain
lain ,
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