OBJECTIVE: The KEY LEARNING POINTS
participants should be
able to:
Distinguish fact from Learning how to distinguish fact from
opinion opinion will help the participants to
identify which one is real or not.
Moreover, this session will guide them
to develop their critical thinking
particularly in making decisions and
judgments.
The following are the objectives of this
session:
1. Define fact and opinion
2. Identify the qualities of facts
3. Give the qualities of opinions
4. Read different written compositions,
and identify fact from opinion
METHODOLOGY/ ACTIVITY TIME/
DURATION
Introduction: Make sure that all the needed materials are 90 minutes
available in the place.
 Greet the participants. Tell them to show active
participation during the whole session. Urge them to raise
queries when necessary.
 Start the session by asking the participants to read the
editorial you have taken from the newspaper. This activity
will test the knowledge of the participants in
distinguishing facts from opinion.
(See Appendix 1)
 Give the participants enough time to understand the
given text.
 Scrutinize the statements in every paragraph. Compel
them to give statements that express fact and opinion.
 Let them justify their answers.
 Start discussing the topic. Give enough examples for
better understanding.
(See Appendix 2)
 Ask the participants to answer the activity.
In this activity, the participants are expected to analyze
the sentences found in the text and classify them as fact
or opinion
(See Appendix 3)

Identify supporting Logical reasoning is developed when the
details to justify participants are asked to justify
conclusion conclusion. This challenges them to give
or present supporting details to make
correct conclusion.
These are the objectives of the lesson:
1. Define supporting details and
conclusion
2. Define drawing conclusion
3. Explain how to draw valid conclusion
4. Explain how strategy and graphic
organizer help in drawing a
conclusion
5. Give supporting details to the given
conclusion
6. Identify if details presented justify the
conclusion
 Urge the participants to raise their questions.
 Call a volunteer to encapsulate the topic discussed.
 End the discussion by sharing some inspiring insights
90 minutes
 Greet the participants. Inform them about the
importance of the topic to be discussed. Let them feel
free to raise their questions pertaining to the topic.
 Do the preliminary activity. This activity will challenge
the participants to display their learning in identifying
details to justify conclusion.
(See Appendix 4)
 Talk about the techniques they used in answering the
preliminary activity. Call three volunteers to share their
techniques in front.
 Process the insights shared by the volunteers
 Have a rigid discussion of the topic Identifying
Supporting Details to Justify Conclusion
(See Appendix 5)
 Let the participants raise their questions about the
discussion
 Let the participants answer another activity. This activity
will challenge the participants to draw a conclusion, and
to identify the supporting details found in the given text.
(See Appendix 6)
 Conclude the session by calling a volunteer to give the
summary of the discussion.
 APPENDIX 1
Read the editorial article, then complete the table below.

EDUCATE ME. DON’T BELITTLE ME

Taken from BTECH Times
Teachers are nation-builders. They are farmers who planted seeds of knowledge to their students’ minds.
They are architects who helped their students build their dreams. They are great sculptors who mold the heart and
mind of every learner. We cannot deny that teaching profession is the mother of all professions. Every teacher
creates a big impact to his students’ lives.

Sadly, in real life, not all teachers serve as motivator. There are few who create negative intense emotions
among their students.

Negative intense emotion creates negative impact. It affects student’s performance. In today’s educational
system, students should be the center of teaching and learning process (70-30).

Teachers serve as facilitators of learning; therefore, they should know the strengths and weaknesses of their
students, and encourage them to learn. Moreover, teachers should allow the students to state or voice out their own
opinions and perspectives regarding the topic.

However, it seems that some teachers are left at a time when the teachers were dominant and the student’s
role was just to absorb whatever the teachers taught. In short, students need to act as passive learners. One of the
worst scenarios is that, teachers even call their students “idiot or bobo”. Some of them are not aware that they
gradually crumble the students’ confidence, being called “idiot” in front of their classmates is so humiliating. On the
part of the students , this incident may open the door for self-doubt and sudden decrease of self-esteem.

Under DepEd Order No. 40, teachers who humiliate students, scold them in front of their classmates, and require
them to stand and face the wall could face administrative sanctions.

Teachers have different classroom management styles; authoritative, laizzes-faire or democratic . However,
public humiliation and degradation are beyond imposing of discipline because they affect the personal being of the
FACT OPINION
 APPENDIX 2
Facts are statements that can be proven. Facts are always true. You can check it by doing research.

Examples:

1. Statistically, women are more patient than men.

2. There are 365 ¼ days in a year.

3. Manila is the capital of Philippines

4. Joseph Ejercito Estrada is the 13th President of the Philippines.

5. Bamboo is a kind of grass.

Opinions are statements that cannot be proven. These show what a person thinks, feels, or believes.

Examples:

1. Basketball is a boring game.

2. Beef is the tastiest meat I have ever tasted.

3. My mother is the best mom in the world.

4. Man cannot live without gadgets.

5. There are hidden treasures elsewhere.

Qualities of Facts

1. A fact has evidences or proofs.

a. Facts contain data and research.

b. Facts include numbers, dates, and ages

2. A fact can be observed. It is not debatable.

3. A fact can be found in dictionary, map, and encyclopedia

Qualities of Opinions

1. An opinion has a personal belief, or a claim.

2. An opinion cannot be proven.

3. An opinion has emotional language (should, best, worst, most)

 APPENDIX 3
Read the article below, then encircle the statements that express a fact, and underline the statements that express an opinion.

PLIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCY

Taken from BTECHTIMES

For how long the students of Baliwag Polytechnic College shall wait?

For how long will BTECHTIMES, the official college newspaper, shall wait to achieve the real plight for independence?

It has been three years since BTECHTIMES released its first issue, but until now the problem which was encountered three years ago is
still a problem of the New Editorial Board and hopefully will not be a problem of the succeeding board.

Wanting to promote and to share responsible journalism to the school and community they belong, BTECHTIMES is still waiting for
budget release for office supplies, printer, and DSLR camera which are main necessities to a school publication.

Besides chasing and grabbing pictures from different people to provide and put quality pictures on school newspaper, the writers
spend their own money to go and be present at events they cover and to print the articles needed to serve the interest of the students. The
printing shop is paid much later than the agreed payment date. These will not happen if the school organ has and handle its own funds.

According to Republic Act 7079 of 1991 Section 4, Student Publication- Once the publication is established , its editorial board shall
freely determine its editorial policies and manage the publication funds, and Section 5, Funding of Student Publication – Subscriptions fees
collected by the school administration shall be released automatically to the student publication concerned.

Despite the problem, fortunately Atty. Robert John I. Donesa, BTECH President, support the role of the publication and able to send
Editorial Board to some seminars which enhance the journalistic skills of the writers. However, BTECHTIMES needs equipment, supplies, and
budget to truly exercise their rights as students’ watchdog.

Indeed, good things come to those who wait, but the question is, for how long should the BTECHTIMES wait to spread its wings and
soar for real independence?
Read the article below, then box the statements that express a fact, and underline the statements that express an opinion.

REQUITAL
Taken from BTECHTIMES

Crime wave of drug-related offenses rose since the controversial anti-narcotic war of President Rodrigo Duterte , urging the resurfacing of
the long-buried Death Penalty in the Philippines.

On its third and final reading at the House of Representatives, the bill inches closer to approval and hit the country’s justice system once
again.

For the past years, we have known the baleful effects of drug menace in the society but not until the drug war has commenced that the
curtain was raised and revealed the status quo of the normality of drug abuse in the country.

Apparently, the residuals of the abusive usage of dangerous drugs to the populace have become now fatal, menacing, and bloody. More
than 7,000 lives were already obtained and as the pile of bodies continue to mount in number, many has relinquished that the drug ordeal will soon
end.

However, amidst the actions done by the authorities to curb the threat to bloodshed and the irreparable damage it has caused to the
people, the government back-paddled the president’s pronouncement of receiving the Capital Punishment itself. House Bill (HB) no. 4727 seeks to
re-impose Death Penalty but limit only drug-related offenses provided by the Republic Act 9165 or the Dangerous Drugs Code. Grave acts such as
manufacturing, trading, and importation of drugs as well as felony under the influence of dangerous drugs are crimes punishable by execution.

Similar to the establishment of Death Penalty under the Marcos’ Regime , the Duterte Administration has called for the resurfacing of the
punishment to deter and to stop the proliferation of drugs and criminality in the country.

Moreover, the purpose of the restoration of the Capital Punishment is neither for retribution to those liable to the crime nor a setback, but
to support the Administration’s intensified campaign to curb, once and for all, the baleful normality of drug abuse in the Philippines.

One must pay for his debt, even if it costs his life. The ball is rolling for the Death Penalty and soon, the price must be paid.
 APPENDIX 4
Complete the graphic organizer below after reading the selection.

There is Strength in Unity

Eric DS. Victoria

Brigada Eskwela is a weeklong activity of Department of Education across the country which aims to prepare each school for the
opening of classes. People coming from all walks of life participate actively in this event every year.

The volunteers eagerly and enthusiastically participated in the Brigada Eskwela from May 30 up to June 4, 2017. They joined in the
motorcade and witnessed the informative and yet entertaining opening program.

After the opening program, they assisted the teachers in preparing their classrooms. Some students from private school helped them in
transferring the desks from their previous classroom to their new classroom. Teachers were very thankful to them for they helped them
despite the warm weather.

Some parents showed their assistance by pulling out the weeds and tall grasses that have grown. They planted flowering plants to
make it more pleasing to the eyes. They watered them to ensure that the plants will grow healthy.

During the succeeding days, some volunteers helped in painting the desks, bookshelves and classrooms. They even arranged the books
by separating the new ones from the old ones. They also checked the electrical wirings to avoid any untoward incidents.
 Former pupils visited their teachers and helped in decorating the bulletin boards. They scrubbed the floor of the classrooms to make it
smooth and shiny. They also put some fresh plants inside the classroom.

In a nutshell, the Brigada Eskwela went well because they were able to prepare all the things needed for the opening of classes. Indeed,
there is strength in unity.

CONCLUSION
There is strength in unity.

Supporting Details:

11 44

2 55

3 6
 APPENDIX 5

Supporting Details – these are the statements that can tell that your conclusion is correct. Through these details, your conclusion will no
longer be debatable.

Conclusion – it is the result or outcome of an act or process. It can be a judgment or decision reached after deliberation. A final arrangement
or settlement, as of a treaty

Drawing a Conclusion –To draw a conclusion is to take all the evidences from a text or situation combine that with your background
knowledge and then make an overall statement of judgment about that text or situation.

How To Draw Valid Conclusions

1. Combine your background knowledge with what the text says.

2. Take that information and create a statement (it may be a word, phrase, or sentence) that “wraps up”/ judges what the author is
really trying to say about the topic, situation, event, or person.

Strategy and Graphic Organizer are very useful in drawing a conclusion.

The strategy is to ask the key question – What is the statement, a phrase or sentence that wraps up situation, event or person?
Example:
Conclusion: The child graduated with high honors

He got high scores in all He submitted superb He practiced good study

subjects projects and assignments habit.

SUPPORTING DETAILS
 APPENDIX 6
Read the selection below. Complete the given graphic organizer.

I’m Proud To Be Bulakenyo

Eric DS. Victoria
CONCLUSION:

With great pride and buoyancy, I can shout to the whole world that my
province is Bulacan and I am proud to be Bulakenyo.

I’m proud to be Bulakenyo for my province is known for being the

SUPPORTING DETAIL 1
cradle of great heroes like Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Gregorio Del
Pilar, Maximo Viola, Pio Valenzuela and Trinidad Tecson. These heroes remind
me of how great and splendid Bulakenyos are.

I’m proud to be Bulakenyo for Bulacan is the home province of SUPPORTING DETAIL 2
acclaimed artists like Francisco Baltazar, Nicanor Abelardo, Jose Corazon de
Jesus, and Honorata “Atang” Dela Rama.

I’m proud to be Bulakenyo for they are known for being candid,
assiduous, and well-bred. These positive values fascinate the hearts of SUPPORTING DETAIL 3

everyone.

I’m proud to be Bulakenyo for we have a strong faith in God. Our

religiosity can be seen in us whenever we have religious occasions and
gatherings. SUPPORTING DETAIL 4

I’m proud to be Bulakenyo for my province gives high regards to its

culture and tradition and does not afraid to embrace change.

I’m proud to be Bulakenyo and will always be proud of my roots.