Student Hand Book: Somali

somali
Student hand book

Name……………………………………………………
……
ID………………………………………….Year………
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Faculty
…………………………………………………………
Department
“He who studies medicine without books sails an
…………………………………………………
uncharted sea, but he who studies medicine without
patients does not go to sea at all.”
(Every good thing you do creates ripples that you may not see. Do them anyway.)
PHARMOCOLOGY
Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 1
Pharmacology:
Waa cilmaga lagu barto waxtarka. waxyeelada iyo qiyaasta Daawada

Marka aan sikala aan uqeexno pharmacology waa barashada daawada,
Erayga pharmacology.waxaa loo qeebiyaa 2 labo qeebood oo kala ah
1.Pharmaco uu macnihiisu yahay (Daawo)

2. logy uu macnihiisu yahay (Barasho)
Asal ahaan ereyga pharmacoly waa eray afka Giriig ah waxaana loo aqoonjlray
(Pharmacon)
◇ Drug: macnihiisu waa daawo ereyga drug asal ahaan waxa uu kayimid dalka( france)
waxaana loo aqoonjiray geedkii qalalnay (Dry herb)
◇ Qofkii ugu horeyay ee furay goobo lagu barto cilmiga daawada waxa uu ahaa
(Ruodolf Buchheim) wuxuuna bilaabay sanadku marka uu ahaa 1847 waxa uuna u
dhashay dalka (Germany)
Types of pharmacology
Pharmacology waa 2 labo laamood oo waweyn oo kala ah
□ Pharmacokinetics
□ Pharmacodynamics
•Pharmacokinetics: waxaa lookala qaadaa 2 labo oo kala ah.

Pharmaco: oo ah ( Daawo)
Kinetics: oo ah ( socdsiinta daawada)
Pharmacokinetics
Waxay kahadashaa Daawada marka ay jirka soogasho sidee ayay ugu dhaqdhaqaaqdaa,
Ugu horeentii marka uu jirka nuugo daawada waxay marayaan 4 marxaladood oo kala ah
◇ Metabolism
◇ Absorbation

◇ Distributon
◇ Excretion
Metabolism
waa habka daawada loogu burburiyo jirka. kadibna looraaciyo dhiiga waana midka ugu
balaaran ee qabta shaqada daawada,
xubinta uqaabilsan burbrinta daawada waa berka.
Absorbation
waa habka nuugista daawada kuna gasho dhiiga,
Distribution
Waa habka ee daawada ugu baaheyso jirka iyadoo sii dhaxmareysa dheecaamada iyo
nuudayaasha jirka.
Excretion
waa habka looga soo qashin saaro daawada jirka,
xubinta ugu weyn ee qaabilsan qashin saarka waa kiliyaha.
Pharmacodynsmics
waxay kahadashaa dawada mala falgashaa ama mausaameysaa dawo ahaan qofka jirkiisa
Pharmacotherpeutics
Waa cilmigii pharmaclogy-ga oo lagudaray kan daweynta,
Qofka farmashiistaha ah waa in uu yaqaanaa cudurada taas waxay ka caawinkartaa in uu
ogaado xariirka kadhaxaaya daawada iyo xanuunka
Pharmacotherapeutics
W aa laf dhabarta daawda wuxuuna intabadan awooda saraa sadax qeebood oo kala ah
■ Selection (Daawo u kuhaboon)

■ Dosege (Xadiga u kuhaboon)
■ Duration (Muddada ugu haboon)
Farnashiistuhu waa in uu yaqaan cudurada uguyaraan 80% boqolkiiba, aqoonsashada

cudurka waxay kasaacidaa farmashiistaha in uu waxka qabto xaaladaha taagan

CLINICAL PHARMOCOLOGY
Waa qeeb cilmiyeesan oo ka tirsan barashada daawada Waxayna iskugu jraan
(Pharmackinetics iyo Pharmacodynamics) Qofka doonaya in uu barto Calinical
pharmacology waa in uu xooga saraa pharmackinetics iyo pharmacodynamics
◇ Pharmacokinetics oo ah sida ay dawadu jirka ugasho ogana baxdo

◇Pharmacodynamics oo ah sida ay dawada jirka wax ogaqabato.
Marka waa muhiim in qafka donayo in uu noqdo Calinacal pharmaclogist uu barto labadaas
qadob
The main objectives
Qeybaha uguwaaweyn ee lagu barto kaliinikal farmakoloji waxay kalayihiin
1: Saameynta daawada
2: waxyeelada dawada kadhalan karo
3: Isku haleenta iyo badbaadada daawada
main objectives
ujeedooyinka ugu waaweyn kaliinikal farmakoloji waa

◇ In la abuuro daatada lagu isticmaalo daawada
◇ Dhiiragalinta. kor uqaadista. iyo isticmaalka daawda
Chemotherapy
Waa dawoyin cayiman oo loo doortay in ay sumeyso waxyaabaha ilmo aragtada ah
(Organism) ayadoo aan waxba ugeysan qofkii isticmaalay dawadaas
PHARMACY
Waameel cilmiyeesan oo loo diyaariya maamulka daawda si loo helo waxyaabaha as aasiga
u ah cafimaadka dad weynaha.

Waxyaaba muhiimka u ah farmasiga
1: in uu farmasi uqalmo (Standartion)

2: in dawda latikooro (Isolation)
3: in la aqoonnsado ( Identifacation)
4: in latijaabiyo tayada (Quality control)
5: in lanadiifiyo (purifacation)
Qeebaha farmasiga waa 3 qeebood oo kala ah
1: Farmasiga suuqa (Community pharmacy)

2: Farmasiga cusbitaalada (Hospital pharmacy)
3: Farmaciga warshada (Industrial pharmacy)
SHAQADA FARMASHIISTAHA
◇ Qeebinta dawooyinka
◇ Hubinta sax ahaansha dawooyinka
◇ Kormeerka hoolaha farmashiga
◇ Ilaalinta tayada dawooyinka
◇ Wacyi galinta iyo kor uqaadista aqoonta daawada
◇ Talobixinta daawada
Waxyaabaha shaqsi ahaan looga baahan yahay farmashiistaha
☆ Daacadnimo
☆ Aqoon
☆ Holkarnimo
☆ Dabeecad
☆ Naxarius
☆ Aqlaaq
☆ Dulqaad

SOURCES OF DRUGS
= MEELAHA DAWADA LAGA SOOSAARO
1. Plant sources : daawada geedaha laga soosaaro

2. Animal sources: daawada xoolaha laga soosaaro
3. Mineral sources: dawada macdanta laga soosaaro
4. Microbiological sources: daawada bactariyada laga soosaaro
5. Synthic sources daawda sanaaciga ah
6. Recombinant DNA technology: dawada habka tijnolojida loo soosaaro
PLANT SOURCES
Dhirta waa wax yaabihii ugu horeeyay ee laga soo sameyay daawada
Waana midka ugu badan oo ilaa iyo hada laga sameeyo daawada
Daawada waxaa laga soo sameyaa qeebaha kala duwen ee geedka sida
● Leaves : Caleemaha
● Flowere : Ubaxyada
● Fruits : Miraha
● Seeds : Iniinta
● Roots : Xididdada
● Bark : Jilifta
● Stem : Jiridda
1. Leaves : caleenta inta badan waxaa laga soo saraa dawooyinka loo isticmaalo qufaca iyo
xabka feeraha ( Component of cough srup) iyo dawooyinkale oo badan
2. Folwers: ubaxa inta badan waxaa laga sameeyaa dawooyinka inta badan looga hortago
xanuunada sida daawada ( Morphine) iyo kuwakale oo xanuun baabiyaak ah
3. Fruts: miraha waxaa inta badan laga helaa daawooyinka loo isticmaalo caloosha iyo
fangay-ga
4. seeda: iniinta waxaa laga soo saaraa dawooyinka loo isticmaalo neerfayaasha
5. Roots: xididka waxaa intabadan laga sameeyaa dawooyinka matag joojinta

6. Stem: jirida waxaa intabadan laga sameeyaa dawooyinka loo isticmaalo suuxint
( Anesthesia) iyo murqaha.
ANIMAL SOURCES
Daawada lagasoosaaro xoolaha
Daawada waxaa laga soosaraa qeybaha kaladuwen sida
1. Pancreas: Beeryarah
2. Anterior pituitary: Qanjirka
3. Sheep tyroid: Qanjirka idaha
4. liver: Beerka
5. Blood animal: Dhiiga xayawaanka
◇ Pancreas. beeryaraha waxaalaga soosaaraa. daawada loo yaqaano (Insulin) kaasoo loo
isticmaalo xanuunka sokorta ama macaanka ( Diabetes )
◇ Sheep tyroid. waxaa laga soo saaraa daawada looyaqaano (Thyroxin) kaasoo loo
isticmaalo daawada dhiig karka (Hypertention)
◇ Liver . beerka waxaa laga soo saaraa dawooyinka ( Vitamin A iyo Vitamin D) kaasoo
loo isticmaalo dhiig yarida (Anamia)
◇ Anterior pituitary. Qanjirkaan waxaa lagasoo saaraa wax looyaqaano (Pituitary

gonadoropin)
oo loo isticmaalo dawooyinka lagu gobciyo ugxaanta xaga dhalmada
◇ Blood animals. Dhiiga xayawaanada waxaa laga diyaariyaa daawada talaalka (Vacines)
kasoo loo isticmaalo talaalada kala duwan
◇ Stomach tissue. nuudaha caloosha waxaa kujira (Pepsin and trypsin) kuwaasoo
lagahelo daawada gaaska iyo shiidida dhiicaanada.
MINERAL SOURCES

daawada laga soosaaro macdanta iyo inta ay ukala baxaan
Mineral source. waxaa loo qeebiyaa labo qeeboi oo kala ah
□ Metallic: waxaa loo yaqaanaa kuwa socon kara

□ Non metallic: kuwa aan socon karin
Metallic:
○ Iron . waxaa loo isticmaala yaraanshaha birta ama dhiiga (Iron deficiency and
Anamia)
○ Mercurial salts: waxaa loo istimaalaa isfiilitada
○ Zinc oxide paste: waxaa loo istimaalaa dhaawaca iyo canbaarta ( eczema)
Non metallic: kuwa aan socon karin waxaa kamid ah

● Iodine: waxaa loo isticmaalaa jeermis dilis
● Gold salts: waxaa loo istimaalaa daawada lafaxanuunka (rheumatoid arthritis)
SYNTHETIC / SEM SYNTHETIC SOURCES

Waa waxyaabaha daawo ee sanaaciga ah oo laga soo saaro warshadaha waxaana loo
qebiyaa labo qeebood oo kala ah
▪Synthetic: waa waxyaabaha sida tooska ah loga soosaaro ilaha ayadoo la adeegsanayo
warshadaha
▪Sem synthetic source: waa waxyaabo horey U haa daawo kadibna lagu daray waxyaabo
war shadeysan ama dib loo warshadeyay
MICROBIOLGICAL SOURCES
Waxyaabaha laga soo saaro ilma aragta sida bagtariyada. fungus-ka iyo wixii lamid ah
◇ Pencillium notatum: waa fangay waxaana laga helaa (Penicillin)
◇ Actin bacteria : waxaa laga helaa
° Streptomycine
° Aminoglycosies
° Gentamycin
° Tobramycin

RECOMBINANT DAN TECHNOLOGY
Waa waxyaabaha laxariira jiinka iyo sidii dib loogu soocalilahaa jiinkii lawaayay iyo
adeegsiga dhiicaamada (Enzyme _ka ayadoo laga samanayo waxyaabo kobcin iyo waxtar
uleh daawda
Advantages: faaidoiyinka uu leeyahay

□ In lasoosaaro xadi badan oo dawo ah
□ In lahelo daawo saafi ah
Disadvantages: faa ido daro waxay timaadaa marka ay dhacaan qodo badaan
soosoda
1. marka qalabka sheybaarka ladayoco
2. In ay shaqaalaha ay noqdaan kuba aan xirfad leheyn
Waxaa noo dhamaaday Sources of drugs oo ah ilaha daawada laga soo saaro
waxaa sitoos ah noogu bilaabadoono qeebihii ugu muhiimsanaa ee barashada daawada.
Routes of drug administretion

1. Interal rout: In laga qaato afka
2. Barenteral rout: In cirbad ahaan loo qaato
3. Inhalation rout: In hawo ahaan looqaato
4. Topical rout: In maqaarka laga qaato
1. Interal route:
waa kanalka ugu badan ee laga qaato daawada
□ Oral Afka
□ Subligual: Carabka hoostiisa
□ Buccal: Ciridka iyi faruuryaha dhaxdooda
□ Oral. afka in si toos ah looga qaato daawada waa habka ugu caansan, sida kaniiga
iyo sharoopada ( tablets and syrup)

▪ Advantaeges. faa idooyinka
° In si sahla looqaato
▪ Disadvanteges faa ido darada uu leyahay
° qadar yar ayaa wax yeeleenkaro unugyada
° qaar waxay sababi karaan in uu gaco gaaska
□ Sublingue
In laga qaato carabka hoostiisa. waa habka uguyar ee dawo laga qaato sababta looga
qadanayo daawada carabka hoostiisa. waxay tahay in si fudud daawada lagu gaarsiiyo
qanjirada.
□ Buccal .
Indawada laga isticmaalo ciridka iyo inta udhaxeeysa faruuryaha waana hab dhif iyo naadir
in laga isticmalo daawada wax dhibaato umalahan qofka.
PARENTARAL ROUTES
Waa duriimada kaladuwen ee jirka waxaa jira qeebo badan oo jirka laga duro lakiin waxaa
soo qadaneynaa qeebaha ugu caansan duriimada jirka, sida
1. Intra venous: Xididka

2. Intra muscular: Muruqa
3. Subcutaneus: Baruurta
4. Intra dermal: Maqaarka
1. Xididka (Intra venous injection)
Waa meesha ugu caansan ama ugubadan ee duriimada lagu sameeyo, ujeedada xididka loo
duro waxay tahay in dawada. si dagdag ah ey u gaarto jirka oo dhan, daawada ugubadan ee
laga qaato xididka waxaa kamid ah.
◇ Ampcillin injection
◇ Gentamycine injection
◇ Pencillin injection
◇ Chloromphenicol injection

◇ Ceftriaxone injection
◇ Dexamethasone injection
◇ Novalgin injection
2. Muruqa. (Intra muscular injection)
Waa xubinta labaad ee ugu isticmaalka badan daawada, marka loo fiiriyo xididka,
Duriinka sinta ama barida waa muhiim in labarto sababtoo ah waxaa jira, cirbado si gooni
ah looga qaato sinta/ama barida sida.
◇ Penzyl penicillin
◇ Artimedar injection
◇ Spectinomycin
3. Baruurta. (Subcutaneus injection)
Duriinka baruuta waa mid kamid ah duriimada lasmeeyo badanaana waxaa lasameeyaa
xiliga qofaka uu qadanayo daawada sokorta, daawooyinka loo isticmaalo baruurta
( Subcutaneus )waxaa kamid ah
□ Insulin
□ Adrenaline
□ Norplant
4. Maqaarka (Intradermal)
Duriinka maqaarka waxaa intabadan la isticmaalaa xiliga baaritaanka sheybaarka

lasameenayo iyo xiliyada sida goonida loo daweenayo cudurada kudhaca maqaarka.
3. Inhalation route:
Waa dawooyinka hawo ama ogsajiin ahaan loo qaato, ( Inhalation route ) daawada in hawo
ahaan loo qaato waxaa sababo labo arimood oo kala ah .
♤ in uu qofka waayo hawo kufilan (Oxygen)
♤ in uu qabo cudurka neefta (Asthma)
Dwaoyinka waxaa kamid ah

▪Aerosols = Salbutomol
▪ gases . hawo
Topical route:
Dawooyinka maqaarka laga qaato gaar oogada sare ee jirka nucyo kaladuwan oo cuduro ah
ayaa kudhaca maqaarka sare sida,
◇ Tinea versicolor Qawadka

◇ Eczema Canbaarta
◇ Acne Finanka
◇ Leishmaniasis waa cudurka ugudaran ee kudhaca maqaarka marka lagareebo. kansarka
maqaarka.
Dawooyinka loo isticmaalo maqaarka waxaa kamid

□ Ketaconazole Cream
□ Griseofulvin Cream
□ Whitfield's Skin ointment
□ Tetracycline Skin ontment
The Dose OF Drugs

Qiyaasaha dawooyinka
1. Minimum Therapeutic Dose

2. Maximum Ttrerapeutic Dose
3. Normal Trerapeutic Dose
4. The Toxin and dheath Dose
1. Minium therapeutic dose: waxaa loo Yaqaanaa qiyaata daawo uguyar ee la isticmaalo
2. Maximum threrapeutic dose: Waa qiyaasta daawo ee ugubadan
3. Normal therapeutic dose: waa qiyaata daawada oo dhax dhaxaad ah
4. The toxin and dheath dose: Waa qiyaasta daawo ee lagu sumowbo ama lagu dhinto.

■ The Name of Drug : Magacyada daawada
Daawada waxay yeelan kartaa dhoor magaca lakiin waxay intabadan daawadu ay leydahay.
3 magac oo kala ah
1. Chemical Name.
2. Approved Name. or Generic Name
3. Trade Name or comarcial Name
1. Chemical Name. Waa magaca ay leeyihiin kiimikada ay daawada kakoobantahay

ama ay ka sameysantahay
Tusaale: Daawada Vitamiinka waxay ka koobatahay kiimkooyin kala duwan sida
◇ Thiamine (hcl)
◇ Riboflavan
◇ Pyridoxine
◇ Nicotinamid
2. Generic Name. Waamaga beesha caalamka iyo hay, ada WHO ay isku raaceen in lagu
aqoonsado daawadaas.
Tusaale shirkado badan ayaa haldaawo ubixiya magacyo kaladuwan lakiin shir kadahaas
kama taki karaan waxa ay daawadu tahay tusaale shirkad masaari ah ayaa adeegsata
magaca
E-mox lakiin daawada waa Amoxycillin
3. Trade Name.
Waa magaca ganacsi oo ay Shirkada dawadaas soo saartay ay ulabaxday.

Tusaale waxaa jira daawo ay soo saarto kinye waxeyna ugu mag dartay ( Ibugesic) oo ah
daawada qandhada waana magac ay shirkada daawada soo saarta ay ulabaxday lakiin
daawadu waa( Paracetamol)
Types of drug action

Nuucyada falgal ee Daawada

1. Therapeutic affect
2. Side effect
3. Toxic effect
4. Allergic reaction
5. Drug Tolerance
6. Drug intera actions
◇ Therapeutic effact: (Saameynta daawada)

Waa saameynta kala duwan ee daawadu kuleedahy jirka. hal dawo ayaa jirka ku yeelan
karto saameyn kaladuwan Tusaale Asprin-ka waxaa loo adeegsadaa in lagu daweeyo
qandhada, iyo in uu yareeyo xadiga xinjireynta dhiiga.
◇ Side affect: (Waxyeelo)

Daawada waxey yeelan karta dhibaatooyin aan lafileyn iyo mid aan waxyeelo, leheyn
tusaale cirbada loo yaqaan( Pincillin) waxa uu sababikaraa Shoog lamafilaan ah waana
halis
◇ Toxic affect:( Saameynta sumowga)

Saameynta sumowga waxay kor dhaan mudo dheer oo laqaato daawada tusaale heerka
sumowwida ( Amoxicillin ama Ampicillin) waxaa kamid ah
▪Lallabo
▪ Matag
▪ Calool xanuun
◇ Allergic reaction: (Falcalinta xasaasiyada)

Waa falcalin aan lasaadaalin karin oo katimaada daawada waxaa laga yaabaa daawooyinka
qaar oo aan lagafileyn in ay yeeshaan xasaasiyad,
◇ Drug tolerance: (udul qaadashada daawada)

Dadka qaar si fudud kuma gaarto daawada, jirkooda Tusaale dadka caba caanaha geela.
muqaadaraadka iyo kube uu jirkoodu adkeeysiga leeyahay, sidaas daraadeed waxaa loo
gordhiyaa xadiga daawada.
◇ Drug intera action:( islaqaadashada dawooyinka.)

Isdhaxgalka daawada. marka hal dawo lagu daro waxqabadka dawo kale ayaa layiradaa isla

qaadashada daawada is ku darka labo dawo waxay sameyn karaan fir fircooni tusaale
marka la isku daro ( Paracetamol iyo Ibuprofen) waxaa kadhasha fir fir cooni badan
qofka wuxuu dareemaan xanuun la aan jirka ah.
Six Right of drug

lixda xaquuqood ee daawada
1. Right drug: Daawo sax ah

2. Right Dose: Qiyaas sax ah
3. Right patient: Bukaan sax ah
4. Right route: Meel sax ah
5. Right time: waxqti sax ah
6. Right admnistrration: Maamulid sax ah
1. Right drug: Daawo sax ah in bukaanka lasiiyo waxay ka caaawisaa in uu bukaanka

dareemo cafimaad iyo firfircooni.
2. Right dose: Qiyaas sax waxaa lasiin karaa marka lahubiyo bukaanka. miisaankiise . iyo
da,diise
3. Right patient: Bukaan sax ah si aad daawo usiiso hubi magaca bukaanka in uu yahay
magaca saxda ah
4. Right route: meel sax ah inlagasiiyo daawada bukaanka, Tusaale haddii daawo muruqa
ah lagasiiyo bukaanka xididka waxaa ka imaan kara dhibaatooyin, sida in uu udhinto, ama
uu unaafoobo, iyo in uu kusumowbo.
5. Right time: waqti sax ah waa in lasiiyo daawada bukaanka inta jeer ee uqoran Tusaale
hadii ay uqorantahay daawada 2 wati waa in lasiiyaa labadaas waqti.hadii laqilaafo habka
ay dawadu uqorantahay waxaa kadhalankaro in dawadu ay wax katari wayso bukaanka.
6. Right admnistration: Si sax ah in loo maamulo daawada, Tusaale Daawada waa in

ladhigaa goob ku haboon, sida meelaha qaboowga ah iyo in la ilaaliyo tayada daawada.

Leaflet
(Warqada daawada)
◇ Composation:
◇ Indication (Use)
◇ Side effect:
◇ Adverse and effect:
◇ Warning:
◇ Risk and precaution:
◇ Dose and Admin:
◇ Contra indication:
◇ Manufacture Date:
◇ Expire Date
□ Composation
Waa kiimikada ay dawada kakooban tahay, Tusaale Amoxicillin waxaa kujira wax loo
yaqaano, (magnesium stearare. iyo lactose monohydrate) waxeyna kujiraan
Amoxicillin kasta.
□ Indication (Use)
Isticmaalka iyo waxtarka daawada, daawo kastaaba waxey leedahay isticmaal iyo
waxtar ugooni ah Tusaale, meelo badan ayaa dawada laga isticmaalaa sida Afka.
Dabada. Xididka. Dhagaha. iyo meelo kaladuwan oo kale .
□ Side affect
Saameynta daawada ay ku yeelato qofka Tusaale. waxaa dhici karta in daawada qofka
ay saameyn ku yeelato sida, in uu kusuuxo ama ku wareero.
□ Adverse and effect

Waa kahortag iyo saameyn Tusaale daawada waa labo nuuc sida daawo laqaato cuntada
kadib iyo daawo laqaato cuntada kahor, hadii uu qofka qaato dawo loogu talagalay
cunto kadib dawadaas waxay ku yeelan kartaa saameyn balaaran.
□ Warning
Digniin in looga digo qofka waxa yaabaha ka imaan kara daawada sida in uu uurka
waxyeeleeyo. iyo hadii uu si qaldan u isticmaalo waxyaabaha kadhalan karo.
□ Risk and precation
Qataraha daawada waxey timaadaa marka si qaldan ama meel qaldan laga isticmaalo
daawada, Tusaale. daawo lagu talagalay in laga isticmaalo sinta hadii uu qofka ka
isticmaalo xididka waxaa ka imaan kara qatarta ugu weyn ee daawda kadhalata .
□ Dose an admin
Qiyaas iyo maamulid daawo, daawo kastaaba waxay leedahay qiyaas laga qaadan karo
qiyaastaas oo ah mida uu dhaqtarka qoray ama midka ( Leflet-ka ku qoran )
□ Contra indication
Lamasiin karo ama lama qaadankaro. Tusaakle lamaqaadan karo dawooyinka . uurka
baabiye. kuwa xasaasiyada kiciya iyo kuwa daraagiska ah.
□ Manufacture Date
Xiliga daawada lasoo saaray Tusaale dawo ayaa la soo saray 2019.
□ Expire Date
Xiliga ay daawada ey dhaceeyso Tusaale daawadii lasoosaaray 2019 ayaa waxay

dhaceeysaa 2022.
Drugs used worms

◇ Membendizole
◇ Albendazole
◇ Chloroquine
◇ Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
◇ Mefloquine
◇ Permethrin
◇ Piperazinen
◇ Praziquantel
◇ Metronidazole
◇ Primaquine
◇ Thiabendazole
(1) MEMBENDIZOLE
□ Composition
daawada waxa ay ka samaysan tahay Benzoyl benzimidazole iyo carbamate
□ Trearaputic drug
daawooyinka uu ka mid yahay Wuxuu kamid yahay (Anti helmentic )
□ Available
maxaa la heli karaa daawadan Waxaa laga heli karaa kaniini iyo sharoobo
□ Side effect
dhibaatada ay keento
• Calool xanuun
• Matag lalabo iyo qandho
• Madax xanuun wareer iyo dawqaad ,
• Finan maqaarka ah iyo cuncun
□ Common
dhibaatada caamka uu ku yahay ma jiro waxdhibaato caam ah uu keeno marka la
isticmaalo daawadaan.

□ Less common
dhibaatada caamkeedu yar yahay
Lalabo. Matag. clool xnuun. shuban
□ Indication or principal uses

gooryaanada loo isticmaalo
• Ascrias,
• Trichuris,
• Hookworm
• Infection
• Whipworm
• Enterobiasis,
• Pinworm,
• Roundworm
□ How drug work

Sidee daawadaan u shaqaysaa Mebendizole waxay dhex gashaa inay soo saarto hab ay ku
jirto ka hortag gooryaanka ee laga soo nuugay sonkorta.
□ Dose
Daawada qiyaasta laga qaato daawadan waxaa la siinkaraa caruurta ka weyn 2 sanno iyo
dadka waaweyn 100mg mudo sadex maalmood ah daawadaan ku celi bukaanka 2 ilaa 3
usbuuc.
□ Onset of effect
Waxyeelo ay la bilaaban karto majiraan wax la ogyahay oo ay la bilaaban karto.
□ Duration of action
waqti ay soconkaraan lama garanaayo.
□ Dietary advice
La talinta cuntada iyo daawada cunto ku qaado si ay u soo nuugaan daawada
□ Storage
kaydinta daawadaaan waxaa lagu 30° c

□ If you miss dose
hadii aad ka tagto daawada maxaad samayneysaa qaado daawada marka aad xusuusato
waqtiga kugu horeeya hana u isticmaalin inka badan qiyaastii aad qaadan jirtay.
□ Stopping the drug

goormaa la joojinaa daawada marka aad dhamayso daawada ayaad joojin kartaa
□ Prolonged use
Hadii daawada isticmaalkeedu bato maxaa la sameeyaa u tag dhaqtarka si dib baaris
laguugu sameeyo.
□ Precaution
Maxaa daawadaan lid ku ah inta badan waxay arintaani ku dhacdaa dadka waaweyn oo aan
tixgalin badan siin daawadan.
daawadan ha la isticmaalin waxyaabaha aashitada leh ,ama daroogadaa sida qaadka iyo
sigaarka.
sidoo kale hooyada uurka leh looma isticmaali karo.
□ Over dose
hadii qiyaasta daawada laguugu talo galay aad ka badsato maxaa dhacaya hadii daawadan
ay badato waxaa dhici kara calool xanuun iyo hawamareenka oo dhib la kulma marmarka
qaar waxaa dhicikarta qalal.
□ Drug interactions
Ma jiraan dawooyin ay isdiidayaan ama aan lala isiticmaalikarin waxaana lala qaadan
Karin daawadan bamazepine-ta.
□ Food interaction= ma jiraan cunto aan lagu qaadan Karin daawada

lamayaqaano cunto dhibta.
□ Disease intraction
Ma jiraan cuduro saamaynku leh daawadaan
hadii aad qabto cudurada ay ka midyihiin cudurka beerka ama crohn,s disease ama
ulcerative colitis.
(2)Chloroquine

Brand name: magaca kiimikada ay kusoo baxaday waa (Aralen ,aralen HCl)
Aralen phosphate tablet 500mg /syrup/injection
Daawadan waxay ku timaadaa kaniini sharoobo iyo cirbad.
◇ Side effect = dhibaatada ay keeni karto
•Aragtida oo wax iska bedelo

•Unug yada difaaca jirka oo hoos u dhaca wbc
•Qandho badan ,dhiig yaraan ,
•Daal iyo tabardari,iyo xinjirowga dhiiga oo hoos u dhaca
•cunto xumi ayaa lagu arki karaa ,
◇ Common= dibaato can ah oo ay keensato daawadan

Mijiraan Dhibaatada caanka ah ee lagu arko daawadan albendizole.
◇ Less comman = dhibaato yar ayaa lagu arki karaa sida

Shuban, cunto xumi ,madax xanuun iyo calool xanuun ,lalabo iyo matag,cun iyo wareer,daal.
◇ Indication or principal uses = Tilmaanta

Waxaa lagu daaweeyaa loogana hortagaa malariayada
Oo ay keento plasmodium sidoo kale waxaa lagu daaweeyaa amebic parasite aadka u adag
iyo caabuqa beerka
◇ How drug work

Daawadan chloroquine waa sun loo isticmaalo cudurka malariada
◇ Dosage = Daawada qiyaas ahaan la siin karo waa sidan

Caruurta yar yar waxaa ku haboon in la siiyo sharoobooyinka hadii ay waxkatariwaayaan
ayaa loo isticmaali karaa cirbad iyodoo loo fiirinaayo qiyaasta ku haboon chloroquine
Laakiin dadka waaweyn waxaa la siinayaa kaniini ama cirbad chloroquine tablet 500mg
maalintii halmar.
◇ Onset of effect= xiliga uu bilaawdo dhibaatadiisa

Ma ahan mid layaqaano
◇ Duration of action
xiliga uu soconkaro Lama yaqano

◇ Dietary advice
cuntada ku haboon Qaado cunto ama caano si loo yareeyo dhibaatada caloosha
◇ Stroge= kaydinta daawada 25oc ilaa 30 oc
◇ If you miss dose = hadii aad daawada hilmaanto

Qaado daawada marka kuugu soo horaysa ee aad xasuusato adigoo sidii la guu amray u
qaadanayaa.
◇ Stoping the drug :

Waxaad daawada joojin kartaa marka ay kuu dhamaato daawada
◇ Prolonged use = hadii daawada oo waqti dheer la qaato

Hadii aad daawada aad waqti dheer qaadato waxaad u baahan tahay in baaris laguugu
sameeyo si loo ogaado in cuduradii aad ka raysatay iyo inkale
◇ Precaution= :taxadarka
Waa in la qaataa talooyinka dhaqtarku ku siinaayo
◇ Over dose= daawada oo qiyaasteeda layska badiyo

Madax xanuun. dawaqaad. iyo wareer. aragtida oo isbedesha. isbedelku yimaada garaacista
wadnaha .cadaadiska dhiiga oo hoos u dhaca.
◇ Drug intrection= daawada aan lala qaadan karin

Magnesium salts and anti acid cemitadine
◇ Food intrection :cuntada saamaynta ku leh

Ma jiraan cunto saameeyn ku leh
◇ Disease intrection= ma jiraan

Cudurada beerka cudurada neerfayaasha
◇ Contraindition= lama siinkaro

Lama siin karo hooyada uurka leh sadexda bilood ee ugu horaysa ,uurkeeda
Laakiin hadii hooyadu nuujinayso cunug weyqaadan kartaa
(3)Hydroxy Chloroquine sulfate

Brand name: plaquenil

♧ Shoropo 200mg (Syrup)
♧ Kaniini 200mg (Tablet)
♧ Cirbad 150mg (Injection)
Daawadan waxay ku timaadaa kaniini iyo sharoobo waxayna ka kooban tahay

Daawada malariada iyo daawada caabuqa ,iyo daawada lafoxanuunka
◇ Side effect: dhibaatada ay keeni karto
• Aragtida oo wax iska bedelo

• Unug yada difaaca jirka oo hoos u dhaca wbc
• Daal iyo tabardari,
• xinjirowga dhiiga oo hoos u dhaca
• cunto xumi ayaa lagu arki karaa
• Qumanka oo xanuun
• Qandho badan ,dhiig yaraan ,
◇ Common= dibaato can ah oo ay keensato daawadan

Mijiraan Dhibaatada caanka ah ee lagu arko daawadan
◇ Less comman= dhibaato yar ayaa lagu arki karaa sida

• Shuban,
• cunto xumi
• madax xanuun iyo
• calool xanuun ,
• lalabo iyo matag
• cuncun iyo wareer
•daal
• finan madaxa ah
• midabka markaarka oo is kubadla buluug ,gaar •ahaan afka dhexdiisa
◇ Indication or principal uses=Tilmaanta

Waxaa lagu daaweeyaa loogana hortagaa malariyada
Oo ay keento plasmodium sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaala lafaxanuunka SLE

◇ How drug work:
Daawadan hydroxychloroquine waa daawo loo isticmaalo cudurka malariada iyo lafo
xanuunka waxay hoos u dhigayaan kiimikada taas oo sababaysa xanuuno
◇ Dosage =Daawada qiyaas ahaan la siin karo waa sidan

Caruurta yar yar waxaa ku haboon in la siiyo sharoobooyinka hadii ay waxkatariwaayaan
ayaa loo isticmaali karaa cirbad iyodoo loo fiirinaayo qiyaasta ku haboon
hydroxychloroquine:
Laakiin dadka waaweyn waxaa la siinayaa kaniini ama cirbad hydroxy chloroquine tablet
500mg maalintii halmar ama 150mg injection iyo wixii kale ee la heli karo
Hydroxychloroquine 200mg tablet
◇ Onset of effect: xiliga uu bilaawdo dhibaatadiisa

◇ Duration of action: xiliga uu soconkaro

Lama yaqano
◇ Dietary advice: cuntada haboon

Qaado cunto ama caano si loo yareeyo dhibaatada uu u geysan karo caloosha
◇ Stroge: kaydinta daawada

25oc ilaa 30co
◇ If you miss dose: hadii aad daawada hilmaanto

qaadanayaa
◇ Stoping the drug:

◇ Prolonged use: hadii daawada oo waqti dheer la qaato

Marka aad rabto inaad safar u baxdo waa inaad hore u qaadataa daawada ka hortaga
malariada taas oo kaa difacaysa inuu si dhaqsiyo ah kuugu dagdago cudurkaan malaria

◇ Precaution: taxadarka
◇ Over dose: daawada oo qiyaasteeda layska badiyo waxay kani kartaa

• Madax xanuun
• Dawaqid
• Tabardaro
◇ Drug intrection: daawada aan lala qaadan karin

Magnesium salts iyo anti acid cemitadine ama digoxin
◇ Food intrection: cuntada saamaynta ku leh

◇ Disease intrection:
• Dhiig yaraan
• Dhiig bax
• Unugyada cadcad oo hoos u dhaca
• Beerka oo xanuuna
• Aragtida oo wax iska bedelo
(4)Albendazole tablet
Dawadaan waxay kutimaadaa
▪ Shoropo (Syrup)
▪ Kaniin (Tablet)
□ Side effect =dhibaatada ay keeni karto

Unugyada difaaca jirka oo hoos u dhaca
cudurada beerka ayey ku keeni kartaa hadii inbadan la qaato,
cunto xumo ayaa lagu arki karaa ,
cuncun iyo finan maqaarkaa

□ Common:
Dibaato can ah oo ay keensato daawadan
Mijiraan Dhibaatada caanka ah ee lagu arko daawadan albendizole
□ Less common :
Dhibaato yar ayaa lagu arki karaa sida
Lalabo, matag ,wareer, calool xanuun, madax xanuun ,iyo shuban iyo mararka qaar oo tintu
lunto
□ Albendazole: waxaa lagu daaweeyaa gooryaanada ay ka midyihiin:

Ascries
Enterobiasis
Hookworm infections
Trichuriasis
strongyloidiasis
teania solium
pork tapeworm
Dog whipworm
Parasite
□ Dosage :
Daawada qiyaas ahaan la siin karo waa sidan
Caruurta ka weyn lixbilood iyo dadka waa weyn waxaa la siinayaa 1 xabo kaniin ah 400mg
halmar
Caruurta lixbilood ka weyn ee aanu miisaankoodu ka yaryahay 10kg waxaa la siinayaa
200mg halmar
□ Onset of effect= xiliga uu bilaawdo dhibaatadiisa

Duration of action= xiliga uu soconkaro Lama yaqano
□ Dietary advice cuntada haboon

Qaado cuntooyinka dheefshidka socodsiinkara ee nafaqada leh ayna u badan yihiin

cuntooyinka dalga
Cunto ku qaado dufan leh si ay u caawiyaan soo dhuuqitaanka
□ Stroge= kaydinta daawada 250f ilaa 30 Co If you miss dose

qaadanayaa.
□ Stoping the drug

□ Prolonged use:
Hadii daawada oo waqti dheer la qaato
Precaution= taxadarka
□ Over dose:
daawada oo qiyaasteeda layska badiyo
Majiro ilaa hada wax dhibaato ah oo la ogyahay
□ Drug intrection= daawada aan lala qaadan karin

In ta bada waxaan lala qaadan karin daawada loo yaqaano amethazone ,praziquantel
,theophyline
□ Food intrection:
cuntada saamaynta ku leh
□ Disease intrection:
ma jiraan
Cirrhosis , cudurada beerka ku dhaca ayna keento isticmaalka aashitada sida cabitaanada
□ Contraindition:
lama siinkaro
Lama siin karo hooyada uurka leh sadexda bilood ee ugu horaysa ee,uurkeeda

Laakiin hadii hooyadu nuujinayso cunug weyqaadan kartaa
Hasiin cunuga ka yar 6 bilood
(5)Metronidzole
Waa mid kamid ah dawooyinka loo isticmalo goryanada
▪Brand name: magaca kiimikada waa (bactericide)
Waxay kutimaadaa
• Kaniiniyaal : Tablets
• Shorobo: Syrup
• Faleembo Infusion
◇ Side effect: Dhibaatada ay kani karto
° Lalabo iyo matag

° Cunto xumo iyo calol xanuun
° Shuban mamar ah
° Finan iyo cucun
◇ Common : Dhibato caan ah oo ay kanikarto
• Lalabo . matag. cunto xumo. calol xanuun
◇ Less common: dhibato yar oo lagu argi karo sida.

• Finan maqaarka ah iyo cuncun
◇ Indication or principl use: waxa loo isticmalo goryana kala ah
1. Amebic
2. Gairdia lambia
3. iyo kuwakale
◇ How drug work : sidee dawadu shaqeysa

Dawadaan waxay burburisaa difaaca goryanada waxayna ku guleysataa inay suxiso ama ay
disho goryaanka

◇ Dosege: qiyaasta
Dawada qiyaas ahaan lasiinkaro waa sidaan
▪ Dadka waweyn: 500mg kanini

▪ ilmaha shropo 200mg ayodoo loo fiirinayo da, da iyo miisaanka sidookale waxaa
lasiinkaraa dadka wawryn faleembo
◇ Onset of affect: xiliga uu bilaawdo dhibatasisa. lama yaqaano
◇ Duration of action: xiliga uu soconkaro

Dawadaan waxay socon kartaa 14 malmood
◇ Dietary advice: cuntada haboon

Dawadaan waad qadan kartaa cuntada kahor ilaa iyo 10/ 20 daqiiqo
◇ Stroge: keydinta
Dawadaan kukeydi meel heer kulkeedu udhaxeeyo 25oc ilaa iyo 30oc
◇ If you miss dose: hadii dawadan aad hilmaanto

Waa inaad qadataa marka aad soo xasuusato
◇ Stoping the drug:

Dawadan waxaa joojin kartaa marka aad dhameysato ama aad kalakulan caqabadka
◇ Prolonged use:
Hadii dawadaan waqti dheer laqaato waa in bariskale kasmeyaa
◇ Precution: Taxadarka
Dawadaan u isticmaal sida uu dhaqtarka ku amray
◇ Over dose: dawada oo qiyaasteeda la iska bafiyo

Waxaa kadhalan karto lalabo iyo matag
◇ Drug ibtrection: Dawada aan kala qadan karin

Hala isticmaalin daawada Asprine ta
◇ Food intrection: Cuntada saameynta kuleh

kama ogolo cuntooyinka ee ashitada ku badan tahay
◇ Disease intrection: Cudur lid ku ah majiraa

cudurada beerka, cudurada nerfayaasha, iyo nadiifinta kiliyaha cusbada badan

Membendizole = Vermox
□ Composition:
Dawadaan waxay kasameysantahay (Benzoyl benzimidazole iyo carbamate)
□ Treaputic drug:
Dawooyinka uu kamid yahay waa
(Anti helmentic)
□ Available:
Maxaa laga hali karaa dawadaan waxaa laga hali karaa
• Kaniini Tablets
• Sharopo Syrup
□ Side affect:
Dhibaatada ay keento
• Calol xanuun
• Matag. lalabo iyo qandho
• Madax xanuun . wareer
• Finan maqaarka ah iyo cucun
□ Common:
Dhibaato caam uu kuyahay majiro wax dhibaato caam ah uu keeno marka la isticmaalo
dawadaan
□ Less common:
Dhibaato caam keedu yaryahay
• lalabo iyo matag
• Calol xanuun iyo shuban
□ Indication or principle use:

Gooryanada loo isticmaalo
¤ Ascrias
¤ Trichuris

¤ Hookwom
¤ Whipworm
¤ Enterobiasis
¤ Pinworm
¤ Rounwworm
□ How drug work

Sidee dawadaan u shaqeysaa Mebendizole waxay dhax gashaa mindhicirada kadibna waxay
ka hortagtaa garyanada aan soo sheegnay iyadoo suuxisa ama disha.
□ Dosage
Qiyaasta dawadaan laga qaadan karo Dawadaan waxaa lasiin karaa caruurta kaweyn 2
sano iyo dadka waawyn .
Caruurta waxaa lasiinkaraa 100mg labada waqti 1x2 sii mudo sadax maalmood ku cali
bukaanka dawadaan 2-3 isbuuc.
□ Onset of effect:
Waxyeelo ay labilaaban karto Majiraan wax la yaqaano oo ay labilaaban karto
□ Duraton of action
Waqtiga ay socon korto lama garanayo
□ Dietary advice:
Latalin cuntada iyo daawada Cuntada ku qaado si ay usoo nuugaan daawada
□ Storage:
250c heer kulka
□ If you miss dose:

Hadii dawadaan aad katagto maxaa sameneysaa qaado dawadaan marka aad soo xasuusato
hana kabadsan qiyaastii hore.
□ Stoping the drug:

Goormee la joojin karaa dawadaan marka aad dhameyso kuuradii laguu soo qoray

□ Prolonged use:
Hadii dawadaan isticmaalkeedu bato maxaa la yeelayaa dib baaris usamey
□ Precaution:
Maxaa dawadaan lid ku ah dawadaan hala isticmaalin waxyaaba aashitada leh iyo
mandooriyaasha
□ Over dose: hadii daawada qiyaas teeda lagabadiyo waxaa dhicikara hawamareenka oo
dhib lakulma
□ Drug interaction:
Majiraan dawooyin ay isdiidayaan ama aan lala isticmaali karin waxaana lala qaadan karin
dawadaan (bamazepine)
□ Food interaction:
Majiraan cutooyin aan lala qaadan karin lama yaqaano cunto dhibta
□ Disease intraction:
Cuduro lid ku ah hadii aad qabto cudurada beerka waxaa suuro gal ah in ay dawadu sidii
loo bahnaa ay u falgali waayaan.
(6)Piperazine:
Magacaga kiimigeed ee loo yaqaano waa (Piprerzine) Dawadaan waxay kutimaadaa
kaniini ( Tablets)
◇ Indication or principle use:

Waxa loo isticmaalo
• Ascaris
• Roundworm
• Enterobosis

• Pinworm
Malariyada waa loo isticmali karaa
◇ How drug work
Dawadaan waxay suuxisaa goryaanka kadib waxay ka soo saartaa saxarada
◇ Dosage:
Dawada qiyaas ahaan lasiinkaro waa sidaan

caruurt waxaa lasiiyaa 75mg kucali daawada labo isbuuc kadib si loo soo saaro goryaanka
◇ Side effect:
Dhibaato oo ay kaani karto

• Kala gosyada oo xauuna
• Finan maqaarka ah
• cucun
◇ Dietary advice:
cunto ku haboon Majiro cunto dhib ku ah
◇ Storge:
keedinta daawada 25 oC ilaa 30 oC
◇ Drug intrection:
Dawadaan hala isticmaalin daawada ( phenothiazines)
◇ Food intrection:
Majirto cunto saameyn kuleh daawadaan
Majraa cudur lid ku ah haa hadii ad qabto cudurka qalalka waxay kuu kaani kartaa dhibaato
(7)Praziquantal (anti helmentic)

Brand name: magaca kiimikeyd waa (biltricide)
Dawadaan waxay kutimaadaa kanini (Tablets)
◇ Indication or principle uses:

Waxaa loo isticmaalaa goryanada kaladuwen side
• S mansonia
• S japonicum
• S hematobium
goryanakala waa lagu daweyaa
◇ How drug work
Dawadaan waxay kala dhigdhigtaa murqaha goryanada
◇ Dose:
Dawada qiyaas ahaan lasiin karo waa Dawadaan waxaa lasiiyaa dadka waaweyn iyo
caruurta
◇ Side effect:
Dawadaan malahan dhibaato aad ubadan

marka laga reebo in si qaldan loo isticmaalo
◇ Dietary advice:
cunto ku haboon dawadaan waxaa qaadan kartaa cuntada kahor lamana ruugikaro
dawadaan
Dawada aan lala qaadankarin halaqaadan dawada ( Corticosteroids iyo ketaconazole)
Ccunto saameyn kuleh majirto
cuduro lid ku ah dawadaan majiraan
◇ Stroge:
Dawadaan kukeydi meel heer kulkeydu udhaxeeyo 25°oc ilaa iyo 30°oc.

Amoxcillin
Waxay ku timaadaa
¤ Kaniniyaal Capsules
¤ Cirbado Injections
¤ Soropo Syrup
waxaa loo isticmalaa jeermiska bactariya ay sababto waxayna ka hor tagtaa in ay fido
bactriyada waxaan loo istcmaali karaa xanuunada kala ah sida
▪Dhago xanuun
▪ Cunaha iyo sanka
▪ Xubinta taranka
▪ Hawo mareenka
▪ Jabtada
▪ Caabuqa kudhaca wadnaha
▪ Gaaska boog calooleedka
▪ Dhaawaca xabada iyo kuwakale
◇ How drug work:
Sidee dawadaan ushaqeysaa

Dawadaan waxay xanibtaa bagtariyada darbiga unugyada mana awoodi karto in ay
isbadiso ama ay faafto
◇ Dosage:
Dawada qiyaas ahaan laga qaadankaro dawadaan waxaa lasiinkaraa caruurta iyo dadka
waaweyn
• Dadka waaweyn waxaa lasiinkaraa 500mg

8 sideedii saacba mar
• Caruurta yayar waxaa lasiinkaraa iyadoo loo fiirinayo Da,da iyo qiyaasta daawada
waxaana lasiin karaa 125/250mg 8 sideedii saacba mar
◇ Side effect:

Dhbaatada ay kaani karto dawadaan
▪ Calool majiir
▪ faruuryaha oo bara
▪ Wajiga oo barara
▪ Neefta oo dhibta
▪ finan jirka kasoobaxa
▪ Lalabo
▪ Vaginaha oo dhacaan kayimaada
▪ Tabardaro
◇ Duration of action
Xiliga uu soconkaro Daawadaan waxay soconkartaa 8 saac
◇ Dietary advice:
Cuntada haboon waxaa fiican baahida in lagu qaato laagiin cunto kadib waa la qaadankaraa
◇ Over dose:
Hadii qiyaasta daawada la iska badiyo waxaa imaankara

• Lalabo iyo matag
• Shuban
• Qalal
• murqo daal
Lama yaqaano cunto lid ku ah
Cudur lid ku ah majiraan haa cudurada sida
▪ Xasaasiyada
▪ Neefta
▪ Wadne xanuunka
◇ Stroge:
Keydinta daawada heerkulka dawadaa waa 25 ilaa iyo 30°c

□ Azitromycine
Brand name: magaca kiimikeed waa (zitromax)
• Kaniiniyaal
• Shoropoyin
• Cirbado
□ Indication or principle uses:
Waxaa loo isticmaalaa bagtariyada. caabuqa.

ey kamid yihiin
▪ Burikiito
▪ Oofwareen
▪ Dhago xanuunka
▪ Shubanka ay sababto sumoobida
▪ Ka hortaga
□ How drug work
Dawadaan waxay ka hortagtaa unugyada bagtariyada ama jeermiska laga soo saaro
barootiinka
□ Dosage:
Dawada qiyaas ahaan laga qaadankaro
Dawadaan waxaa la isticmalaa

125g labo waqti
250mg
500mg labo waqti
1000mg maalintii (daily)
1200mg isbuucii (weekly)
□ Side effect:

Dhibaatada ay keeni karto
♤ Neefsashada oo uku adkaata
♤ Qandho iyo cucun
♤ Finan maqaarka ah
♤ Barar wajiga ah
□ Dietary advice
Cunto haboon waxaa fiican in dawadaan baahida lagu qaato balse cunto kadib waa la
qaadan karaa cunto ka hor in laqaato waxay yareeneysaa cucunka caloosha
□ Precaution:
Kataxadar dawadaan oo u isticmaal sida ay tahay
□ Food intrection
Cunto saameyn kuleh majiro cunto saamey kuleh
□ Dises intrection:
Cudur lid ku ah majiraan haa hadii aad qabto cudurka beerka dhibasto ayuu kuugu yahay
□ Storage:
Keydinta daawada dawadaan ku keydi heerkul ilaa iyo 25oC 30oC
■ Cephalaxine
Dawadaan waxaa lagu dilaa bactarial in fection
sida (gram posative and gram nagative bactaria)
Dawadaan waxay kutimadaa

• Kaniini yaal Capsules
• Sharoopo Syrup
• Cirbado Injection
Dawadaan waxaa loo isticmalaa xanuunada kala duwan sida

▪ Cunaha. sanka. dhagaha
▪ Maqaarka

▪ Hawomareenka
▪ Caabuqa qeebaha hoose
▪ Xinjirowga hoos udhaca
▪ lafo xanuunka
□ How drug work:
¤ Dawadaan waxay ka hortagtaa unugyada bactariyada iyo doo sameysanaysa darbi difaaca
□ Drug intrection:
Majiro dawo aan lalaqadankarin
Cunto saameyn kuleh lamayaqaano
Cudurlid ku ah dawadaan waxaa lid ku ah kilyo xanuunka
□ Precaution:
Dawadaan oga taxadar dadka kaweyn 60 sano
□ Dosage:
Qiyaasta lasiinkaro dawadaan waa sidaan

Caruurta kawey 6 sano 125mg labo waqti
dadka waweyn 500mg lawaqti mararka qaar waxaa lasiinkaraa dadka waaweyn 1000mg
iydoo loo fiirinayo heerka bactariyada iyo miisaankiisa
□ Over dose:
Hadii dawadaan qyaasteeda la iska badiyo maxaa kadhalanaya

• Qalal
• Calol xanuun
• Shuban
• Matag
□ Side effect:
Dhibaatada ay kaani karto dawadaan

▪ Finan

▪ Cuncun
▪ Lalabo
▪ Shuban
▪ mararka qaar wuxuu keena dhiig bax
□ Stroge:
Dawadaan ku keydi meel heer kulkeydu udhaxeeyo 25oc ilaa iyo 30oc
Cefixim
Brand name: magaca kiimikeed waa (Suprax)
Dawadaan waxay dishaa bacgariyada iyo caabuqa uu sababo wqxayna ka hortagtaa in uu

faafo bagtariyada waxana kutimaadaa sida
• Kaniini Tablets
• Sharoopo Syrup
• Cirbado Injection
□ Indication or principal uses:
Waxaa loo isticmaalaa

▪ Cunaha iyo sanka
▪ Qumanka iyo maqaarka
▪ Caabuqa qeebaha hoose
▪ Jabtada
□ How drug work:

Sidee dawadaan u shaqeysaa
Dawadaan waxay ka hortagtaa unugyada bactariyada ama jeermiska laga soosaaro

protinka.
□ Dosage:
Dawadaan qiyaasta laga qaadan karo waa

200mg ilmaha kaweyn 6 sano labo waqti
400mg dadka waa weynlabo waqti malintii

□ Side effect:
Dhibaatada ay kani karto
• Neefsashada oo adkaata
• Qandho iyo cucun
• Cuncun iyo finan maqaarka ah
• Barar wajiga ah
□ Onset of effect:
Xiliga uu bilaawdo dhibaatadiisa

2 saac ilaa iyo 4 saac kadib
□ Duration of action:
Xilaga uu soconkaro 6=18 saacadood
□ Dietary advice:
Cunto ku haboon dawadaan waxaa laqaataa cunto kadib
□ Drug intrection:
Daawada aan lala qaadan karin
▪ Heparin
□ food intrection:
Cunto aan lala qaadan karin lamayaqaano
Cudur lid ku ah
▪ Kiliyo xanuunka
▪ Jeermiska colitis
□ Prelonged use:
Hadii dawadaan waqti dheer la qaato waxay kaani kartaa

▪ Qalal
▪ Calool xanuun iyo shuban
▪ Matag

Ciproflexine
Magaca kiimikeed waa (Clioxan)
Waxay kutimadaa
• Kaniini
• Sharoopo
• Faleembo
□ Indication or principal uses:
Ciproflexine: waxaa loo isticmalaa caabuqa uu sababo bactaral infaction sida
▪ Infagshanka ku dhaca lafaha iyo kala goysyad

▪ Bactariyada ee sababto Tifooga
▪ Caabuqa kudhaca kaadi mareenka
▪ infagshanka ku dhaca maqaarka
□ How drug work sidee dawadaan ushaqeysaa
Dawadaan waxay dhax gashaa enzymka bacteriada aadka ugoriya
□ Dosage:
Dwadaan qiyaasta laga qaadankaro waa 250mg 500mg labo waqti mudo hal isbuuc ah
Majiraa cudur lid ku ah haa hadii aad qabto xasaasiyad waxaa laga yabaa in uu wadno
xanuun kugu keeno ama cun cun siyaado ah.
Doxycycline
Dawadaan waxay kutimadaa (Capsul)
Waxaa loo isticmalaa wax yaabaha ay sababto bactariyada iyo xanuuna kale sida,
▪ pneumonia= Qaar jeexa

▪Acna= Finanka

▪ Cholera Daacuunka
▪Syphilis isfiilitada
Xanuunada kaadimareenka
Waxaana looga hortagaa malariyada
◇ How drug work:
Dawadaan waxay dishaa bactariya iyo gooryanada loo yaqaano (Prtozou)
◇ Side effect:
Dhibaatada ay keeni karto dawadaan waxay ▪keentaa xabad xanuun

▪dhiigana way kicisaa
▪ Hurdo la,aan
▪ madax xanuun
◇ Food intrecton:
Cunto saamey kuleh hadii aad cabto caano marka aad dawadaqaato
Cudur lid ku ah waxaa lid ku ah
▪ Beer xanuunka
▪ Kiliyo xanuunka
Erythromycine
125mg 250mg 500mg
Dawadaan waxaa loo isticmalaa wax yaabaha ay sababto bactrial infecton sida
infagshanada kudhaco:
▪ Cunaha iyo dhuunta
▪ Infactionka ku dhaca maqaarka
▪ kaadi heysta
▪ isfiilitada
Erythromycine waa dawada ugu xoogan antbiotic

□ How drug work
Sidee dawadaan ushaqeysaa dawadaan waxay ka hortagtaa waxyabaha uu sababo

bactariyada
□ Dosage:
Qiyaasta laga qaadan karo waa

Carurta kaweyn 6 sano 125mg 1x2
Dadka waaweyn 500mg 1x2
□ Side effect
Dhibaatada ay keeni karto waxaa kamid ah

▪ Qandho iyo lalabo
▪ Cucun maqaarka ah
▪ Calol xanuun
▪ Dhagaca oo cuslaada
▪ Neefsashda oo ku aad kaata
□ Over dose:
Dawadaan qiyaas kaban intii loogu talagalay hadii uu qaato qofka waxaa kadhalanayo
dhibaatooyin sida
• Lalabo iyo matag
• Shuban
• Wareer
• Maqalka oo yaraada
Cudur lid ku ah majiraan waxaa lid ku ah

▪ Beer xanuun
▪ Kiliya xanuun
▪ Wadna xanuun
PenicillinG

Dawadaan waxay kamid tahay dawoiyinka ugu xoogaban qalajyaasha (Antibiotic)
Waana dawooyinkii ugu horeyay ee caalamka lasoo saaro
• kaniini Tablet
• Shoroopo Syruo
• Cirbad Injection
◇ Indication or principal use:
Dawadaan waxaa loo isticmalaa jeermiska uu sababo bactriyada wxaana loo isticmaali
karaa
▪ Dhagaha
▪ Cunaha
▪ Sanka
▪ Maqaarka iyo xuubka jilicsan
▪ Caabuqa kudhaca kaadi heysta
▪ Maskax garaadka
▪ Isfiilitada
□ How drug work:
Sidee dawadaan u shaqeysaa dawadaan waxay xanibtaa unugyada bactariyada si aysan u

sii faafin bactariyada.
◇ Dosage:
Qiyaasta dawadaan laga qaadan karo waa

25mg 500mg 1000g
◇ Side effect:
Dhibaatooyinka uu kaani karo dawada waxaa kamid ah

¤ Neefsasho saaid ah
¤ Kalgoosyo xanuun

¤ Barar cunaha ah
¤ Indhaha oo gaduudta
◇ Preaution: Taxadar
Dawadaan malahan wax (Report ah oo laga diiwaangaliyay

Dawadaan umalahan wax dhibaato ah hooyada uurkaleh (Pregnancy)
◇ Over dose:
Hadii dawadaan qiyaasteeda la iska badiyo waxaa kadhalan kara

▪ Lalabo iyo matag
▪ Shuban
▪ Wareer
Dawada aan lala qaadan karin
¤ Cholestyramine
◇ Diseases intrection:
Cudur lid ku ah majiraa waxaa lidku ah

¤ cucunka
¤ Neefta
¤ Dhiig baxa sida (Hemophilia)
¤ Wadno xanuun
¤ Gaaska
Tetracycillin: hydrochloride
Brand name: achromycin, panmycin, tetrcyn
Dawadaan waxay ku timadaa
Capsul: 250mg 500mg

Dawadaan waxaa loo isticmalaa waxa yaabaha ay sababaan bactariyada iyo protozoa sida
¤ Caabuqa: infection
¤ Finanka: acne
¤ Qawadka: plague
¤ Duumada: malaria
¤ Isfiilitada: syphilis
¤ Buruseelaha brucelosis
Waxaa sidoo kale lagu daween karaa suska ilkaha kudhaca
□ How drug work:
Sidee dawadaan ushaqeysaa

Dawadaan waxay dishaa ayna hoos udhigtaa soosaarida jeermisyada iyo porootiinka ay
ubaahan yihiin
□ Dosage:
Qiyaasta dawadaan laga qaadan karo waa 250mg 500mg iyadoo loo fiirinayo da,da iyo
miisaanka jirka tirada laga qaadankaro waa 20-30 1×2 labada waqti
□ Side afact:
Dhibaatada ay keeni karto dawadaan waxaa kamid ah
¤ Daal badan
¤ Kaadi badan
□ Common side affect:
Dhibaato caan ah oo ay keento dawadaan
¤ Matag vomiting
¤ Shuban: diarrhea
¤ Nabro: rash
¤ Cutada oo yaraata: los of appetite
□ Contara indication:
Lamasiin karo haweenka uurka leh iyo carurta kayar 6 sano

Cunto saameynku leh hala qaadan canaha
Majiraa cuduro lid ku ah dawadaan
¤ Beer xanuunka
¤ Kiliya xanuunka
Drug class topical anti fungul
□ Bethametazone:
Dawadaan waxay kutimadaa bomaato
Dawadaan waxaa loo istimalaa xanuunada
¤ Xasaasiyada: allergies
¤ Maqaarka: dermatitis
¤ Nabraha rash
¤ Cucunka Iteching
¤ Canbaarta Eczema
¤ Kaladuwanaashaha maqaar :( variety of skine
□ How drug work:
Sidee dawadaan ushaqeysaa dawadaan waxay dishaa fungus-ka wuxuuna ka hortagaa in

lasoo saari fangay badan.
□ Dosage:
Qiyaasta dawadaan laga qaato 15mg 20mg 30mg iyadoo loo fiirinayo da,da iyo hadba inta
ay xaaladu tahay waxaan laga qaataa labo waqti ka hor inta aan la marsan waa la nadiifii
yaa meesha la marinayo dawada.
□ Side effect:

Dhibaatada ay keento dawadaan bethametazon-ka waxaa kamid ah
¤ Dhaawac maqaarka ah
□ Common:
Dhibaato caan ah oo ay keento dawadaan
¤ Gubasho
□ Less common:
Dhibaato caamkeedu yayahay
¤ Cuncu
¤ Barar sii kordha
¤ Guduudasho maqaarka ah
¤ Maqaarka oo qalala
¤ Is badal ku dhaca maqaarka
Fariin
TARAMADOL
WAXYEELADA DAAWADA TRAMADOL
Dhalinyarada isticmaasha Daawada tramadol
YAA ISTICMAALA
○ Tuugada ama mooryaanta

○ Garaamistayaasha
○ Dhalinyarada banooniga
○ Shaqaalaha dhismaha
MAXAY KARAADIYAAN?

● Awood
● Jirgooda oo ad keysi yeesha
● xararada daroogada
MAXAY KU KACAAN?
□ Dil
□ Kufsi
□ Dhac
□ Waalidka oo lagu Afcaliyo
MAXAY KALA KULMAAN?
□ Waxbarasho la'aan
□ Xanuunada kudhaca maskaxda
□ Tabar darro
□ Salaad la'aan
□ Muqaal kooda oo isbadala
□ Inladilo
MAXAA LAGU JOOJIN KARAA?
1. In Faramashiyaasha ay joojiyaan iibkiisa

2. In lagawacyi galiyo dhalinyarada
3. in ay culumada somaliyeed ay bayaan kasoo saaraan.
■ Griseofulvin
Dwadaan waxay kutimadaa
▪ kaniini Tablets
▪Sharopo Syrup
▪ bomato Gream
Dawadaan waxaa la hindisay sanadkii 1939
□ Indication or principal uses: isticmaalka
Dawadaan waxaa loo isticmalaa qaar kamid ah fungayga (Ant fungal) sida

¤ cidyaha
¤ Qawadka
¤ canbarta
Iyo infection uu sababo ringworm
□ How to drug work:
Sidee dawadaan ushaqeysaa dawadaan waxay ka hortagtaa jeermiska fungayga
□ Dosege:
Qiyaasta dawadaan laga qaadan karo
Caruurta kaweyn 6 sano 125mg dadka waweyn 500mg labada waqti
□ Side effect:
Dhibaatada ay ladahay dawadaan
¤ xasaasiyad allergic
¤ lalabo nausia
¤ Shuban diarrhea
¤ wareer confusion
¤ cucun itching
Cunto saameen kuleh majiraan
Cuduro lid ku ah majiraan waxaa lid ku ah xanuunka beerka
Ant fungul drug:
◇ Ketoconazole
¤ kaniniyaal tablets
¤ Bomaato cream
¤ Shambo shampoo

◇ Indication or principal uses:
Dawadaan waxaa lagudaweyaa qaarkamid ah anti fungal infection. Sida in fectionada
kudhaca maqaarka sida
▪ Qawadka tinea
▪ Canbaarta eczema
▪ Agoolka dandruf
▪ Cabeebka Candidiasis
◇ How to drug work:
Sidee dawadaan ushaqeysaa dawadaan waxay ka hortagtaa infaction-ka fangayga uusabo

wayna baabi isaa
◇ Dosege:
Qiyaasta dawadaan la gaqaadan karo waxay ku xirantahay Da,da qofka iyo nuuca daawada
◇ Side effect:
Dhibaatooyinka uu leeyaha waxaa kamid ah
¤ lalab: nousea
¤ Madax xanuun: headche
¤ Dhibaato beerka ah : liver problem
◇ prolonged use:
Hadii dawadaan waqti dheer laqaato waxaa ka imaan kara dhibaato dawadaan lagama
badinkaro 4 usbuuc
◇ precauton:
Kataxadar hala isticmaalin waxyaabaha aa Shitada leh sida

▪ cabtaanada aashitada leh
▪ cuntada qamiirka ah
◇ Contra indication:
Lamasiin karo hooyada uurka leh iyo marka ay hooyadu nuujineyso
◇ Diseas intraction:

Cudur lidku ah majiraan waxaa lid ku ah xasaasiyada ( alkergic)
□ Nystatin
Anti fungal infection:
¤ kanyaal tablets
¤ dhibco drop
¤ Bomaato cream
¤ Subosto suppositories
Dawadaan waxaa loo isticmalaa xanuno kaladuwa ay sababaan fangayga sida
▪ infagshanka saxaha vaginal yeast infection

▪ Nabraha gaduudan ee kasoobaxa qeebaha hoose ee saxaha iyo cajarada (diper rash)
▪ Cabeebka
▪ Umuloowga
□ How to drug work:
Sidee dawadaan ushaqeysaa dawadaan waxay ka hortagtaa jeermiska fangaska waxayna

soo saartaa wax yabaha nool ee ubaahan in laqashin saaro
□ Dosage:
Qiyaasya dawadaan waxay ku xiran tahay nuuca dawada iyo Da,da qofka
□ Side effect:
Dhibatooyinka kadhalan kara dawaan
¤ Cuncun itching
¤ Nabro rash

¤ Matag vomiting
¤ Shuban diarrhea
□ Contra in dication
Lamasiinkaro dadka xasaasiyada ka qaada

Laakiin waa lasiin karaa haweenka uur kaleh
□ Over dose:
Dawadaan oo qiyaasta la iska badiyo waxaa ka dhalan karo
• Lalabo nousea
• Matag vomiting
• Shuban diarrhea
□ Food intrection
Majiraan cunto sameen kuleh majiro cunto saameen kuleh
Majiraa cudur lid ku ah maya
Dawooyinka xanuun baabiyaasha ( Pain killers)

□ Analgesics: - waa daawooyin loo isticmaalo in la gu yareeyo xanuunka (pain).
□ Anti-pyretics:- waa daawooyin loo isticmaalo in la gu yareeyo qandhada (fever).
Waxaa jira laba nooc oo xanuun baabiyaal ah Oo kala ah
1. Opoid analgesics
2. Non-Opoid analgesics
◇ Opoid analgesics:- waxaa kamid ah
1. morphine,
2. codeine
3.tremadol.
◇ Non-Opoid analgesics:-

1. Paracetamol
2. Aspirin
3. Naloxne
□ Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (N-SAIDS).
1. Ibuprpfen
2. Diclofen
■ PARACETAMOL:
Generic name. (actaminophan)
• Kanini Tablet
• Shoropo Syrup
• Cirbad Injection
• Suposto Suppositores
■ Indication or principle uses:
Dawadaan waxaa loo isticmalaa in lagu yareeyo xanuunada (Pain) side
¤ Xanuunka Pain
¤ Qandhada Fever
Sidookale waxaa lagu daweenkaraa xanuunada sida
¤ xanuunka kansarka: (Cancer pain)

¤ xanuunka qallinka kadib: (pain after surgery)
■ Dosege:
Qiyaasta dawadaan laga qaadan karo waxay kuxirantahay Da,da qofka iyo miisaankiisa
lakiin gramka laga isticmaalo dawadaan waxaa kamid ah 25mg 100mg 120mg 500mg
■ Side effect:
Dhibaatada ay keenikarto dawadaan waxaa kamid ah
¤ Lalab Nausia
¤ Matag Vomitin

¤ Cuntada oo istaagta loss of appeite
¤Calool xanuun Stomach pain
¤ Kaadida oo isbadasha change inthe urine
■ Precaution:
Taxadar waan inlaqataa talada ama waanada dhaqtarka
■ Food intrection:
Cunto saameenkuleh majiraan
□ ASPIRIN :
Aspirin sidookale waxaa loo yaqaabnaa (actylsalicylic acid)
Waadawo loo istimaalo
¤ Xanuunka pain
¤ Qandhada fever
¤ Bararka Inflammatory
¤ Caabuqa Inflammation
Xaaladaha kale oo loo isticmaalo aspirin-ka in lagu daweeyo waxaa kamid ah
¤ Qandhada lafaha rheumatic fever

¤ wadana xanuun heart attack
¤ Dhiiga xinjirowba blood clots
Sidookale daawada aspirin-ta waxaalagu yereeyaa qtaraha kadhasha qeeybaha kaladuwan

ee (Cancer-ka)
□ Dosage:
Qiyaasta dawadaan laga qaadankaro waxay ku xirantahay hadba xalada lagu daweeynayo
iyo Da,da iyo miisaanka qofka waxaana laga qaataa garaam kaladuwan sida
60mg
75mg

300mg
325mg
□ Side effect:
Dhbaatooyinka uu leeyaha aspirin-ka waxaa kamid ah
◇ Kaas calooleed Gastro intestinal ulceration

◇ Calool xanuun abdominal pain
◇ Dhiig calooleed Stomack bleeding
◇ Madax xanuun headche
◇ Nabro resh
□ Contra ibdication:
Dawadaan marka aad uqaadaneyso wadne Xanuun kafagow isticmaalka dawada

(Ibuprofen)
Hadii laga maarmi waayo xiliga uu uurka jiro si looga hortago xinjireenta dhiiga waxaa
layareenayaa xadiga qiyaata daada tusaale ahaan waxaa lasinayaa 60mg

Student Hand Book: Somali

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somali

Student hand book

Waa cilmaga lagu barto waxtarka. waxyeelada iyo qiyaasta Daawada

Erayga pharmacology.waxaa loo qeebiyaa 2 labo qeebood oo kala ah

1.Pharmaco uu macnihiisu yahay (Daawo)

•Pharmacokinetics: waxaa lookala qaadaa 2 labo oo kala ah.

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 2

■ Selection (Daawo u kuhaboon)

Farnashiistuhu waa in uu yaqaan cudurada uguyaraan 80% boqolkiiba, aqoonsashada

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 3

◇ Pharmacokinetics oo ah sida ay dawadu jirka ugasho ogana baxdo

The main objectives

Qeybaha uguwaaweyn ee lagu barto kaliinikal farmakoloji waxay kalayihiin

ujeedooyinka ugu waaweyn kaliinikal farmakoloji waa

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 4

1: in uu farmasi uqalmo (Standartion)

Qeebaha farmasiga waa 3 qeebood oo kala ah

1: Farmasiga suuqa (Community pharmacy)

Waxyaabaha shaqsi ahaan looga baahan yahay farmashiistaha

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 5

1. Plant sources : daawada geedaha laga soosaaro

5. Roots: xididka waxaa intabadan laga sameeyaa dawooyinka matag joojinta

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 6

Daawada waxaa laga soosaraa qeybaha kaladuwen sida

◇ Anterior pituitary. Qanjirkaan waxaa lagasoo saaraa wax looyaqaano (Pituitary

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 7

Mineral source. waxaa loo qeebiyaa labo qeeboi oo kala ah

□ Metallic: waxaa loo yaqaanaa kuwa socon kara

Non metallic: kuwa aan socon karin waxaa kamid ah

SYNTHETIC / SEM SYNTHETIC SOURCES

◇ Pencillium notatum: waa fangay waxaana laga helaa (Penicillin)

◇ Actin bacteria : waxaa laga helaa

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 8

Advantages: faaidoiyinka uu leeyahay

waxaa sitoos ah noogu bilaabadoono qeebihii ugu muhiimsanaa ee barashada daawada.

Routes of drug administretion

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 9

1. Intra venous: Xididka

1. Xididka (Intra venous injection)

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 10

2. Muruqa. (Intra muscular injection)

3. Baruurta. (Subcutaneus injection)

Duriinka maqaarka waxaa intabadan la isticmaalaa xiliga baaritaanka sheybaarka

Dwaoyinka waxaa kamid ah

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 11

◇ Tinea versicolor Qawadka

Dawooyinka loo isticmaalo maqaarka waxaa kamid

The Dose OF Drugs

1. Minimum Therapeutic Dose

2. Maximum threrapeutic dose: Waa qiyaasta daawo ee ugubadan

3. Normal therapeutic dose: waa qiyaata daawada oo dhax dhaxaad ah

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 12

1. Chemical Name. Waa magaca ay leeyihiin kiimikada ay daawada kakoobantahay

Waa magaca ganacsi oo ay Shirkada dawadaas soo saartay ay ulabaxday.

Types of drug action

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 13

◇ Therapeutic effact: (Saameynta daawada)

◇ Side affect: (Waxyeelo)

◇ Toxic affect:( Saameynta sumowga)

◇ Allergic reaction: (Falcalinta xasaasiyada)

◇ Drug tolerance: (udul qaadashada daawada)

◇ Drug intera action:( islaqaadashada dawooyinka.)

Organized by ; Sa’eed Xanjo Page 14